scholarly journals Gradings of periodontitis in relation with systemic disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3671
Author(s):  
Abdulhameed G. Albeshr ◽  
Yazeed A. Alhabdan ◽  
Raef Mohamad Aljasem ◽  
Maha Assad Munshi ◽  
Ahmed Mohammadhassan Bagasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Insight Into

With the increasing prevalence rates of periodontitis cases, it has a great impact on human health, especially elderly patients. It constitutes a major health problem that can cause significant burdens. Infections are the main pathology that have been previously reported among studies in the literature because it has a strong correlation. There are common mechanisms that can cause systemic diseases: induction of systemic inflammation, inflammatory markers, the release of toxins, and translocation into other organs through the bloodstream. Proving the correlation between the potential presence of the involved pathogen and systemic diseases might be a significant key factor in predicting these systemic events. In addition, it will assist to have proper management in early intervention. The aim of the study was to provide more insight into the effect of correlation between periodontitis and other systemic diseases according to studies in the literature. Multiple organisms that can cause periodontitis have been significantly correlated with the development of many systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), pneumonia, respiratory tract infections, oral and colorectal cancers, diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, Porphyromonas gingivalis has been commonly reported with the variously discussed systemic diseases which should draw more attention towards the proper management and prevent this organism and other microbes within the literature to enhance the outcomes.

scholarly journals Acceptability of a Sublingual Drug Formulation for Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Andrzej Emeryk ◽  
Thibault Vallet ◽  
Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda ◽  
Arkadiusz Jędrzejewski ◽  
Frederic Durmont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Treatment Safety ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

In pediatrics, acceptability has emerged as a key factor for compliance, and consequently for treatment safety and efficacy. Polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (PMBL) in 50-mg sublingual tablets is indicated in children and adults for the prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory tract infections. This medication may be prescribed in children over 3 years of age; the appropriateness of this sublingual formulation should thus be demonstrated amongst young children. Using a multivariate approach integrating the many aspects of acceptability, standardized observer reports were collected for medication intake over the course of treatment (days 1, 2, and 10) in 37 patients aged 3 to 5 years, and then analyzed in an intelligible model: the acceptability reference framework. According to this multidimensional model, 50-mg PMBL sublingual tablets were classified as “positively accepted” in children aged 3 to 5 years on all three days of evaluation. As the acceptability evaluation should be relative, we demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the acceptability of these sublingual tablets and a score reflecting the average acceptability of oral/buccal medicines in preschoolers. These results highlight that sublingual formulations could be appropriate for use in preschoolers.

scholarly journals Coronary angiographic profile of Nepalese people A study of 450 cases in SGNHC

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
S Regmi ◽  
R Malla ◽  
S Rajbhandari ◽  
MB KC ◽  
D Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Conventional Risk Factors

Coronary Artery disease (CAD) remains a major health problem. Stable angina, unstable angina and myocardial infarction are the major manifestations of CAD. This study is aimed to assess the coronary artery profile in these groups and its relation to the major conventional risk factors and the distribution of the disease in differant ethnic group of Napalase population.

scholarly journals Exercise as A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insight into the Underlying Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Yun Seo ◽  
Jeong Rim Ko ◽  
Jung Eun Jang ◽  
Tae Nyun Kim ◽  
Jae Boum Youm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Microvascular Diseases ◽  
Insight Into

Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and renal comorbidities. Among these, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the most severe symptoms and is considered to be a major health problem worldwide. Exercise is widely known as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Importantly, the onset of complications arising due to diabetes can be delayed or even prevented by exercise. Regular exercise is reported to have positive effects on diabetes mellitus and the development of DCM. The protective effects of exercise include prevention of cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and microvascular diseases, as well as improvement in cardiac mitochondrial function and calcium regulation. This review summarizes the recent scientific findings to describe the potential mechanisms by which exercise may prevent DCM and heart failure.

An Insight into Unani Hypoglycemic Drugs and Their Mechanism of Action.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fazil ◽  
Sadia Nikhat ◽  
Imran Ali
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Diabetes mellitus type-II is a major health problem characterized by hypo-insulinemia and insulin resistance; leading to hyperglycemia and its complications. In Unani medicine, it is known as ziyābetus. Several drugs are prescribed in Unani medicine as single and compound formulations for this disease. Most of these drugs have been studied on scientific parameters and shown significant activity in reducing the symptoms and complications of diabetes. Objectives: Critical evaluation of Unani medicines for treating diabetes patients. To provide complete information on this subject with the action of the mechanism so that proper treatment should be done with prospective research. Methods: Unani literature was reviewed extensively via various search engines for the herbs, shrubs used for diabetes treatment. Ten drugs were selected for the present review. Results and Conclusion: There is convincing evidence to suggest that the selected drugs have promising actions against diabetes and its complications. Also, none of the studies has reported any adverse effects with the drugs. Also, there is evidence to suggest that the method of usage described in Unani medicine may reduce or eliminate adverse events if any. Further, there is a great need to do more research on making medicine more effective. Besides, the review article is useful for treating patients effectively by advancing the research.

scholarly journals Genomic and Metabolic Characteristics of the Pathogenicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12892
Author(s):  
Telma de Sousa ◽  
Michel Hébraud ◽  
Maria L. N. Enes Dapkevicius ◽  
Luís Maltez ◽  
José Eduardo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
One Health ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

In recent years, the effectiveness of antimicrobials in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections has gradually decreased. This pathogen can be observed in several clinical cases, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, sepsis, in immunocompromised hosts, such as neutropenic cancer, burns, and AIDS patients. Furthermore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes diseases in both livestock and pets. The highly flexible and versatile genome of P. aeruginosa allows it to have a high rate of pathogenicity. The numerous secreted virulence factors, resulting from its numerous secretion systems, the multi-resistance to different classes of antibiotics, and the ability to produce biofilms are pathogenicity factors that cause numerous problems in the fight against P. aeruginosa infections and that must be better understood for an effective treatment. Infections by P. aeruginosa represent, therefore, a major health problem and, as resistance genes can be disseminated between the microbiotas associated with humans, animals, and the environment, this issue needs be addressed on the basis of an One Health approach. This review intends to bring together and describe in detail the molecular and metabolic pathways in P. aeruginosa’s pathogenesis, to contribute for the development of a more targeted therapy against this pathogen.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and cystic fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. L408-L415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Stanton ◽  
Thomas H. Hampton ◽  
Alix Ashare
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Although viral respiratory tract infections are, in general, more severe in patients with CF compared with the general population, a small number of studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 does not cause a worse infection in CF. This is surprising since comorbidities including preexisting lung disease have been reported to be associated with worse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Several recent studies provide insight into why SARS-CoV-2 may not produce more severe outcomes in CF. First, ACE and ACE2, genes that play key roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection, have some variants that are predicted to reduce the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Second, mRNA for ACE2 is elevated and mRNA for TMPRSS2, a serine protease, is decreased in CF airway epithelial cells. Increased ACE2 is predicted to enhance SARS-CoV-2 binding to cells but would increase conversion of angiotensin II, which is proinflammatory, to angiotensin-1–7, which is anti-inflammatory. Thus, increased ACE2 would reduce inflammation and lung damage due to SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, decreased TMPRSS2 would reduce SARS-CoV-2 entry into airway epithelial cells. Second, many CF patients are treated with azithromycin, which suppresses viral infection and lung inflammation and inhibits the activity of furin, a serine protease. Finally, the CF lung contains high levels of serine protease inhibitors including ecotin and SERPINB1, which are predicted to reduce the ability of TMPRSS2 to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry into airway epithelial cells. Thus, a variety of factors may mitigate the severity of SARS-CoV-2 in CF.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Recognition ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanneke Kleinnijenhuis ◽  
Marije Oosting ◽  
Leo A. B. Joosten ◽  
Mihai G. Netea ◽  
Reinout Van Crevel
Keyword(s):  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Insight Into

Tuberculosis (TB), caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB), is a major health problem, with 10 million new cases diagnosed each year. Innate immunity plays an important role in the host defense againstM. tuberculosis, and the first step in this process is recognition of MTB by cells of the innate immune system. Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) are involved in the recognition ofM. tuberculosis, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs). Among the TLR family, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and their adaptor molecule MyD88 play the most prominent roles in the initiation of the immune response against tuberculosis. In addition to TLRs, other PRRs such as NOD2, Dectin-1, Mannose receptor, and DC-SIGN are also involved in the recognition ofM. tuberculosis. Human epidemiological studies revealed that genetic variation in genes encoding for PRRs and downstream signaling products influence disease susceptibility, severity, and outcome. More insight into PRRs and the recognition of mycobacteria, combined with immunogenetic studies in TB patients, does not only lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis but also may contribute to the design of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Exercise as A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insight into the Underlying Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Yun Seo ◽  
Jeong Rim Ko ◽  
Jung Eun Jang ◽  
Tae Nyun Kim ◽  
Jae Boum Youm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Microvascular Diseases ◽  
Insight Into

Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and renal comorbidities. Among these, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the most severe symptoms and is considered to be a major health problem worldwide. Exercise is widely known as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Importantly, the onset of complications arising from diabetes can be delayed or even prevented by exercise. Regular exercise is reported to have positive effects on diabetes mellitus and the development of DCM. The protective effects of exercise include the prevention of cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and microvascular diseases, as well as improvement in cardiac mitochondrial function, and calcium regulation. The present review summarizes the recent findings to describe the potential mechanisms by which exercise may prevent DCM and heart failure.

Treatment Pattern of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in General Practice with 3rd generation Oral Cefixime in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
SZ Hossain ◽  
RF Khan ◽  
UK Barua ◽  
MJ Sobhan
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Pattern ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major health problem in developing countries. RTIs are the most common reason for physician visits and prescription of antibiotics. Cefixime is quickly establishing as a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic with a variety of indications. This observational study was designed to describe the treatment pattern of third generation oral cefixime in managing RTIs in general practice. This noncontrolled, multicenter, observational registry was carried out from March 2009 to July 2010. During this period 2400 patients aged 3 years to 76 years suffering from RTIs were enrolled by general physicians throughout the country. Study variable were socio demographic, signs and symptoms, clinical diagnosis, investigations, antimicrobial prescribed and clinical outcome. Clinical outcome was determined based on improvement of signs and symptoms. Compliance, efficacy and tolerance were assessed on days 7 and 10. The enrolled patients were considered for analysis. The mean age was 26.59 (± 18.10) years and 62% of patients were male. Common presenting signs and symptoms were fever, cough, shortness of breath and increased sputum volume in 80%, 75%, 39%, and 12% respectively. From prescriptions, pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and lung abscess were the diagnosis in 42%, 26%, 24% and 3% of the prescriptions, respectively. Following the treatment with cefixime clinically cured, much improved and better were obtained in 77%, 21% and 2% respectively. Furthermore, the rate of adverse events were insignificant. The study showed clinical symptoms improved rapidly and high rates of clinical cure were achieved. More over, the rate of adverse events were relatively quite low. The results supports the use of cefixime for a variety of respiratory infections in adult and pediatric patients in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9962 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 39-42

Lower respiratory tract infections in patients with comorbidities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Leonid Dvoretsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Comorbidities are an important factor of the various infectious respiratory diseases emergence, complications development and prognosis. The most frequent comorbidities affecting the course and outcome of respiratory infections are the following: cardiovascular disease (heart failure, various types of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity. The paper reports data on the discussed comorbidities impact on the course and outcome of bacterial and viral respiratory infections, inter alia in patients with COVID-19.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document