Evaluation of analgesic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract of Clerodendrum viscosum Vent

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most occurring non-communicable disease resulting in a high blood glucose level. There has been an immense interest in the development of alternative medicines for diabetes treatment, specifically screening functional foods for phytochemicals with the capability of delaying or preventing glucose absorption through digestive enzymes (e.g. α-amylase) inhibition. So, the development of α-amylase inhibitors derived from natural food products is an alternative way to prevent diabetes mellitus Objective: In this study, organic solvent extracts of the Arachis hypogaea (Peanut) and Cinnamomum tamala (Indian bay leaf /Tejpata) were used to investigate their potential α-amylase inhibition and cytotoxic activities through α-amylase inhibition assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay respectively Method: The α-amylase inhibition assay was performed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method for different concentrations of plant extracts. The optical density (OD) of the solutions were measured to determine the inhibition activity at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was measured using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay Results: Among the different organic solvent extracts, peanut seed ethanol extract showed the highest α-amylase inhibition activity (67.68±8.67%) at 1.25 μg/mL concentration with an IC50 value of 0.61 μg/mL which is very close to standard α-amylase inhibitor Acarbose (72.34±4.23%) with an IC50 value of 0.32 μg/mL while acetone extract of Indian bay leaf exhibited the lowest inhibition activity (47.75±1.63%) with an IC50 value of 1.42 μg/mL at the same concentration. Besides, the maximum cytotoxic activity was found in acetone extract of peanut shell with an LC50 value of 57.87 μg/mL whereas ethanol extract of peanut seed showed the lowest cytotoxicity with an LC50 value of 413.90 μg/mL Conclusion: The result of the present work clearly indicates the potentiality of peanut seed ethanol extract to be used in the management of hyperglycemia as it significantly inhibits α-amylase activity while showing less cytotoxic activities

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In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Secondary Metabolites Present in Sarcopoterium Spinosum L.

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5300

Author(s):

Jozef Hudec ◽

Jan Mojzis ◽

Marta Habanova ◽

Jorge A. Saraiva ◽

Pavel Hradil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Benzalkonium Chloride ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Sarcopoterium Spinosum ◽

Mcf 7

Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer in the Near- and Middle East. The fractions and constituents of the ethanol extract of S. spinosum were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activities on Jurkat (acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia), HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), and MDA-MB-231 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma) cell lines using the MTT (3-(dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The ethanol extract was subsequently re-extracted with ethyl acetate and in its sub-fraction obtained by column chromatography three compounds (stachydrine, benzalkonium chloride and rutine) were the first time identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The most active subfraction showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines. The three compounds mentioned, as standards of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quality, were studied individually and in combination. Cytotoxic activity observed might be due to the presence of benzalkonium chloride and rutin. Benzalkonium chloride showed the strongest growth suppression effect against HeLa cells (IC50 8.10−7 M) and MCF-7 cells (IC50 5.10−6 M). The mixture of stachydrine and benzalkonium chloride allowed a synergistic cytotoxic effect against all tested cancer and normal cells to be obtained. Anti-cancer activity of the plant extract of S. spinosum remains under-investigated, so this research describes how the three major compounds identified in the ethyl acetate extract can exert a significant dose dependent in vitro cytotoxicity.

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In vivo Neurological, Analgesic and In vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Leaf and Stem Bark of Wedelia chinensis

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/bpj.v22i1.40021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

Sayema Khanum ◽

Md Shahid Sarwar ◽

Mohammad Safiqul Islam

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Cytotoxic Activities

Wedelia chinensis is a widely used anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective medicinal plant in Bangladesh. In this study, analgesic, neurological, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic extract of leaf and stem bark of W. chinensis were investigated. Oral administration of the ethanolic extract of W. chinensis (200- and 300-mg/kg body weight) was investigated on animal model for neurological activity using open field test and hole cross test. Acetic acid induced writhing method was used to assess the analgesic activity. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay was used for determining the antioxidant activity, while brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used for investigating cytotoxicity. The ethanol extract of the plant produced significant reduction (P<0.05) of locomotion in both doses (200- and 300-mg/kg body weight) indicating pronounced neurological activity. Oral administration of alcoholic leaves and stem extracts significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited writhing response in mice. The percentage of scavenging of DPPH free radical was found to be concentration dependent with IC50 value of 44.10 ± 0.65 and 38.96 ± 0.50 μg/ml for leaves and stem extracts, respectively. Our findings indicate that W. chinensis may be a source of natural antioxidant with potent analgesic, neurological and cytotoxic activities. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 18-26, 2019

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Genotype selection for phytochemical content and pharmacological activities in ethanol extracts of fifteen types of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. leaves using chemometric analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-77991-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Irmanida Batubara ◽

Komariah Komariah ◽

Apong Sandrawati ◽

Waras Nurcholis

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chemometric Analysis ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Mcf 7

AbstractOrthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. of the Lamiaceae family, called as kumis kucing in Indonesia, is a valuable medicinal plant for their pharmacological properties. The present study comprised of fifteen genotypes of O. aristatus was undertaken to evaluate the genotypes based on phytochemical content and pharmacological activities of leaves ethanol extract. Chemometric analysis (correlation and principal component analysis) was also used to investigate the genetic variability based on phytochemical content and pharmacological activities of O. aristatus genotypes. Results of phytochemical characterization showed that total phenolic ranged from 1.48 to 36.08 (maximum in A15) mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoid ranged from 0.10 to 3.07 (maximum in A15) mg QE/g DW, sinensetin ranged from 0.36 to 4.02 (maximum in A11) mg/g DW, and rosmarinic acid ranged 0.06 to 7.25 (maximum in A7) mg/g DW. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH and FRAP assay. Antioxidant results showed that DPPH ranged from 1.68 to 15.55 (maximum in A15) μmol TE/g DW and FRAP ranged from 0.07 to 1.60 (maximum in A1 and A7) μmol TE/g DW. The genotype A8 showed the highest cytotoxic activities against HeLa (66.25%) and MCF-7 (61.79%) cell lines. Maximum α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was recorded in genotype A2 with the value of 62.84%. The genotypes A1, A2, A7, A11, and A15 were identified as superior based on their phytochemicals content and pharmacological activities coupled with chemometric analysis. This finding is important for breeding studies and also the pharmaceutical perspective of O. aristatus.

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Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of various fractions of ethanol extract of Dianthus superbus

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.039 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 1215-1219 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jian-Oing Yu ◽

Zhi-Xiong Liao ◽

Jia-Chuan Lei ◽

Xian-Ming Hu

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Cytotoxic Activities

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Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. (Lamiaceae): A review

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2433 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 547-559

Author(s):

T.R. Prashith Kekuda ◽

V.S. Dhanya Shree ◽

G.K. Saema Noorain ◽

B.K. Sahana ◽

H.L. Raghavendra

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Important Species ◽

The Family ◽

Ethnobotanical Uses ◽

Clerodendrum Viscosum

Ethnobotany is the scientific study concerned with the study of relationship between plants and man, in particular, how people use their traditional knowledge with respect to utilization of plant resources for their wellbeing. Plants have been extensively used since time immemorial as an indispensible source such as food, fodder, medicine, dyes, flavoring agents and for construction purposes. The genus Clerodendrum is one of the largest plant genera, belongs to the family Lamiaceae and encompasses herbs, shrubs and trees distributed worldwide. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. (synonym Clerodendrum viscosum Vent.) is one among the important species of the genus Clerodendrum. In the present review, we discuss the traditional (ethnobotanical) uses and pharmacological activities displayed by C. infortunatum. An extensive literature survey revealed that various parts of C. infortunatum are used traditionally by various indigenous communities as green salad, as an ingredient in local wine and to treat ailments or disorders such as headache, toothache, rheumatism, swelling, skin diseases, fever, diabetes, malaria, burns, tumor and epilepsy. Literatures revealed various pharmacological properties exhibited by the plant such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, wound healing, antivenom, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anthelmintic, insecticidal, thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities. Keywords: Clerodendrum infortunatum L., Lamiaceae, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activities

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Edible mycorrhizal species Lactarius controversus Pers. 1800 as a source of antioxidant and cytotoxic agents

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind141229017n ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 113-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aleksandra Novakovic ◽

Maja Karaman ◽

Ivan Milovanovic ◽

Miona Belovic ◽

Milena Raseta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging ◽

Water Extract ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Cytotoxic Agents ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Mushroom Species ◽

Reducing Ability

The aim of this work was to study chemical profile and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ethanol and water extracts of Lactarius controversus (Pers.) 1800 mushroom species growing in eastern Serbia. The chemical characterization of phenolic compounds performed by HPLC-MS/MS demonstrated the presence of quinic acid among others. Determination of antioxidant activity, including radical scavenging effects on DPPH?, NO?, OH? and SOA radicals and ferric reducing ability was investigated. The highest DPPH radical scavenging effect was obtained for water extract (LcAq) while ethanol extract (LcEtOH) demonstrated the highest FRAP activity. Hexane extract applied in antibacterial assay against three pathogenic strains demonstrated antibacterial effect only against S. aureus ATCC25922. Anti-proliferative properties against estrogen dependent MCF 7 breast cancer cell lines using MTT showed higher activity for ethanolic extract.

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Evaluation of Invertase Inhibition Activity and Cytotoxicity of Ethanol and Acetone Extracts of Swietenia macrophyllia Leaves, Syzygium cumini and Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds

Traditional and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.18502/tim.v5i2.3626 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Asim Debnath ◽

Mohammad Salim ◽

Md Faruque Miah ◽

Rezaul Karim ◽

Md Jahangir Alam

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Syzygium Cumini ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Sucrose Hydrolysis ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽

Acetone Extracts

Invertase, the key enzyme responsible for sucrose hydrolysis. Inhibition of invertase can decrease the postprandial blood sugar level in diabetic patients and keep the blood glucose level normal where cytotoxicity to fast-growing cells like those of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii is a great measurement for further important drug development. This study was aimed to investigate potential anti-diabetic and cytotoxic activities of the ethanol and acetone extracts of Swietenia macrophylla leaves, Syzygium cumini and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. Invertase inhibition activities of S. macrophylla leaves, S. cumini, and T. foenum-graecum seeds were measured by spectrophotometrically using standard protocols and cytotoxicity were measured by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Among the plant extracts, all ethanol extracts showed higher invertase inhibition activities than all acetone extracts. S. cumini seed ethanol extract showed the highest invertase inhibition activity whereas S. macrophylla leaves acetone extract showed the lowest invertase inhibition activity. The maximum toxicity was observed in ethanol extract of T. foenum-graecum seed whereas the lowest toxicity was observed in acetone extract of S. macrophylla leaves. Both ethanol and acetone extract of T. foenum-graecumseeds showed significant cytotoxic activities. This investigation suggested that S. cumini and T. foenum-graecum seeds possess potential antidiabetic activities and T. foenum-graecum seeds have potential cytotoxicity.

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The Chemical Profile ofSenna velutinaLeaves and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2016/8405957 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jaqueline Ferreira Campos ◽

David Tsuyoshi Hiramatsu de Castro ◽

Marcio José Damião ◽

Heron F. Vieira Torquato ◽

Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Leukemic Cell ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Human Erythrocytes ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Leukemic Cell Lines

Natural products can be a source of biomolecules with antioxidant activity which are able to prevent oxidative stress-induced diseases and show antitumor activity, making them important sources of new anticancer drug prototypes. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of an ethanol extract ofSenna velutinaleaves and to assess its antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in leukemic cells. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and by examining the extract’s inhibition of AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. Its cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms of action were assessed in Jurkat and K562 leukemic cell lines. The ethanol extract contained flavonoids, such as epigallocatechin, epicatechin, kaempferol heteroside, rutin, and dimeric and trimeric proanthocyanidin derivatives. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and antihemolytic action, and it decreased malondialdehyde content in human erythrocytes. Furthermore, the extract also induced leukemic cell death by activating intracellular calcium and caspase-3, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and arresting the cell cycle in S and G2 phases. Hence,S. velutinaleaf extract contains antioxidant and antileukemic biomolecules with potential applications in diseases associated with oxidative stress and in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.

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Antrodia cinnamomea, a Treasured Medicinal Mushroom, Induces Growth Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells, T47D Cells: New Mechanisms Emerge

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20040833 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 833 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yu-Cheng Chen ◽

Yi-Chang Liu ◽

Mohamed El-Shazly ◽

Tung-Ying Wu ◽

Jan-Gowth Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Free System ◽

T47d Cells ◽

Antrodia Cinnamomea

Reported cases of breast cancer have skyrocketed in the last decades with recent advances in examination techniques. Brest cancer has become the second leading cause of mortality among women worldwide, urging the scientific community to develop or find new drugs from natural sources with potent activity and a reasonable safety profile to tackle this ailment. Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a treasured medicinal fungus which has attracted attention due to its potent hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities. We evaluated the antiproliferative activity of the ethanol extract of artificially cultured AC (EEAC) on breast cancer cells (T47D cells) in vivo and in vitro. Ethanol extract of artificially cultured AC inhibited T47D cells’ proliferation mediated by cell cycle arrest at G1 phase as well induced autophagy. Immunoblotting assay confirmed that EEAC not only decreased the expression of the cell-cycle-related proteins but also increased the expression of transcription factor FOXO1, autophagic marker LC3 II, and p62. Ethanol extract of artificially cultured AC mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress by promoting the expression of IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1α), GRP78/Bip (glucose regulating protein 78), and CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein). Apart from previous studies, HDACs (histone deacetylases) activity was inhibited as demonstrated by a cell-free system, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence assays following EEAC treatment. The in vivo studies demonstrated that EEAC decreased tumor volume and inhibited tumor growth without any significant side effects. High performance liquid chromatography profile demonstrated similar triterpenoids compared to the profile of wild AC ethanol extract. The multiple targets of EEAC on breast cancer cells suggested that this extract may be developed as a potential dietary supplement targeting this debilitating disease.

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