scholarly journals Covid-19 and Poverty Assessment in Nigeria – The Vulnerability Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-143
Author(s):  
Onwuka Ifeanyi Onuka ◽  
Ozegbe Roseline Oroboghae
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Poverty Assessment ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Vulnerability Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structural Poverty

The aim of the study was to abstract from the vulnerability theory to predict the likelihood of more people in Nigeria falling into the poverty trap as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study used a parametric technique to obtain estimates of the mean and variance of one-period ahead log-consumption. In doing this, the study hypothesized that estimating household consumption function is important in making inferences about the future and in assessing the vulnerability of household to shocks. The simulation analysis shows that of the 82 percent of the households that are vulnerable to poverty, only about 13 percent are in transitory poverty while the rest are in structural poverty. The implication of this finding is that poverty situation in Nigeria is widespread, entrenched and inter-generational. The current coronavirus pandemic has merely worsened the poverty situation and is not the fundamental cause of poverty in Nigeria. The study recommended among others, that anti-poverty intervention measures of the government, going forward, must be forward-looking and aim largely to increase the productive capacity of the populace instead of merely aiming to alleviate their current state of poverty.

Advisory in Ukraine: history, achievements, prospects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Verhunov ◽  
О. Bielova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
The Government

The current state and problems of agricultural advisory organization in Ukraine on the basis of historical analysis of the evolution of the formation and development of agricultural knowledge and information in the world and in modern Ukraine, the involvement of peasants in the active use of innovative solutions in agricultural production, storage and processing of agricultural products was highlighted. The basic principles of the organization of agricultural advisory activity, features of interaction of advisory services with agrarian business, the government, a science and education were formulated. Forms of scientific-consulting and information support of the processes of transfer of innovative technologies in agro-industrial production were given. Ways to improve the organization of agricultural advisory activities in Ukraine using the potential of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine were proposed. The edition is recommended for specialists of agricultural advisory services, scientists, teachers and students of agricultural education institutions, participants of the system of training and retraining of personnel of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine.

The Current State and Development Prospects of Self-Regulation in the Russian Construction Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Belova ◽  
L. G. Vorona-Slivinskaya ◽  
E. V. Voskresenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
State Register ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Prospects

The presented study aims to examine the current state and development prospects of self-regulation in the Russian construction industry.Aim. The study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state and development prospects of self-regulation as an institution of public administration, identify the problems of self-regulation in the construction industry, and formulate proposals on solving the identified problems.Tasks. The authors complete the following tasks to achieve the set aim: examine the regulatory framework of the activities of self-regulatory organizations in the construction industry — construction, design, and engineering surveying; analyze the current state and positive trends of self-regulation in the field of construction; identify problems in the activities of self-regulatory organizations in the construction industry — construction, design, and engineering surveying — and development prospects of the examined alternative to government regulation.Methods. The methodological basis of the study comprises the fundamental provisions of the modern economic theory, theories of public and municipal administration and legal sciences. The information base includes regulatory and legal acts of the Russian Federation on self-regulation in the construction industry, data from the State Register of Self-Regulatory Organizations, and statistics in the field of construction.Results. At the current stage of development of self-regulation in the construction industry, the most efficient mechanism for this institution involves guaranteed compensation for damage caused due to shortcomings in the works and services during construction, renovation, capital repairs of construction objects, engineering surveying, design. The victims should be compensated not out of insurance payments under civil insurance contracts, but rather out of the compensation funds of self-regulatory organizations.Conclusion. This study makes it possible to assess the institution of self-regulation in the construction industry — construction, design, and engineering surveying — as an efficient institution for proper protection of the interests of consumers of construction works and services and those of the government. 

Intolerable Burden of Malaria among Primitive Tribal Community in Odisha: Examining the Fundamental Cause

2021 ◽  
pp. 097206342110504
Author(s):  
Jayakant Singh ◽  
Mathew George
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
The Government

This study seeks to examine the living conditions, working conditions, and health seeking behaviour for malaria among Kondho community after one is infected with malaria. The residential surroundings of those diagnosed with malaria positive cases were extremely conducive for mosquito breeding. For instance, the majority of households threw garbage near their house, went for open defecation, the cowshed was beside their houses, and above all the houses were mostly situated in the jungle or near thick forest. Sub-centre followed by the community health centres was the first point of contact in most cases but medical care was sought only after routine life was affected. While malaria treatment plans are changing towards administering more powerful drugs as a result of chloroquine resistance but not as much has been done in the ground to prevent malaria at the first place. Therefore, together with continuing curative care for malaria—more emphasis is needed on its prevention. Community, civil society and the government need to work in tandem to improve the living and working conditions of backward communities particularly those living in malaria endemic zone so as to be able to take effective preventive measures for malaria.

Criteria for the Evaluation of Social Policy Effectiveness of States

2014 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
V. Sautkina
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The following article is devoted to the study of current state of national education and healthcare systems. The cost of services in these areas constantly increases, there for even developed countries are forced to make significant efforts in order to maintain earlier achieved results. Due to this reason countries entered into the period of constant reforms with the purpose of maintaining that high level of health and educational services for all segments of population with a constant reduction of its volume of financing. The legal aspects of these changes are requiring manifestation of the will of politicians in order to overcome the opposition of parties which are defending their interests. As an example, the main opponents of the healthcare reforms proposed by Barak Obama in the USA are Republicans who are concerned about a significant increase of a state control over the entire national insurance system. The author comes to the conclusion that only joint actions of the government and every segment of population might actually improve the quality of medical and educational services.

ANALYSIS OF THE PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF LICENSING IN THE FIELD OF FIRE SAFETY

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Сергей Семёнович Воевода ◽  
Ирина Фёдоровна Зенкова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Permanent Employees

В статье рассмотрена возможность внесения изменений в лицензионные требования, касающиеся подтверждения квалификации работников, состоящих в штате соискателей лицензии (лицензиатов). Выполнение указанных требований обязательно при намерении осуществлять (осуществлении) деятельность по тушению пожаров в населенных пунктах, на производственных объектах и объектах инфраструктуры, а также деятельность по монтажу, техническому обслуживанию и ремонту средств обеспечения пожарной безопасности зданий и сооружений. Проведен анализ введенных в действие в рамках реализации «регуляторной гильотины» положений о лицензировании видов деятельности в области пожарной безопасности, утвержденных постановлениями Правительства Российской Федерации. Кроме того, с использованием положений нормативных правовых актов Российской Федерации и нормативных документов проанализирован общий механизм формирования системы независимой оценки квалификации, в том числе в области пожарной безопасности, рассмотрены перспективы внесения изменений в лицензионные требования. Сделан вывод о том, что характер прогнозируемых изменений должен соответствовать общему направлению развития Национальной системы квалификаций. В статье исследовано также современное положение дел с формированием профессиональных стандартов в области пожарной безопасности, разработка которых закреплена за Советом по профессиональным квалификациям в области обеспечения безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. The article considers the possibility of amending the licensing requirements regarding the confirmation of the qualifications of permanent employees who are the license applicants (licensees). Fulfillment of the specified requirements is mandatory if it is intended to carry out (implement) fire fighting activities in settlements, at industrial facilities and infrastructure facilities, as well as activities for installation, maintenance and repair of fire safety facilities for buildings and structures. The analysis of regulations on licensing of fire safety activities, approved by the resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation is carried out. These regulations are implemented as part of realization of “regulatory guillotine”. Furthermore, the general mechanism for formation of the system for independent qualification assessment, including in the field of fire safety is analyzed as well as the prospects for amending licensing requirements were considered. The above mentioned analysis is carried out using the provisions of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and regulatory documents. It is concluded that the nature of predictable changes should correspond to the general direction of development of the unified National qualification system. The article also considers the current state of formation stages of professional standards in the field of fire safety. The development of such standards is assigned to the Council for professional qualifications in the field of safety in emergency situations.

CARNIVAL POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES: MASKS OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN MODERN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
A.V. SKIPERSKIKH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Organism ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Game Forms ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of the research is to present how the carnival element in the regional policy is associated with the legitimating of power. Also made of the current state of the regional political process in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, characterized by a high degree of carnivalization. As a result, the importance of the practices of the regional elite, resorting to game forms of their own positioning. The legitimacy of the regional power to depend on festive discourse. A routine political process in the constituent entities of the Russia does not evoke public emotions that have a positive effect on the legitimation of power. The demand for the politics of spectacle is also present in municipal political practices in a very dangerous epoch of COVID-19. A social organism that needs emotions, as well as control, does not experience serious transformations. In society penchant for spectacle, as well as the political class in the production of carnival events, there are deep historical roots, as well as the cultural specificity of a particular region. The points out that in the regional political process one can increasingly see accents on festivals. So, the government solves two important problems: the first one is a public request for a show, it is resolved in conditions of a rather unpleasant and unpromising accumulation of negative for the authorities due to the deterioration of the socio-economic situation in general, the second one is the production of the play solves the issues of legitimation regional and municipal authorities.

scholarly journals Fish Value Chain and Its Impact on Rural Households’ Income: Lessons Learned from Northern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Alemu ◽  
Hossein Azadi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
The Government

These days, one of the global challenges is the growing demand for food. To be more specific, seafood bases play a key role in filling the nutritional requirements of human beings. In Africa (Ethiopia) the public expenses to improve productive capacity in aquatic food are increasing. Additionally, the expenses in dams and in fishers’ capacity building have increased households’ engagement in the fishery sector in Ethiopia. Cooperatives’ productive capacity has been strengthened by the government and other non-government organizations with the supply of fishing boats, refrigerators, fish nets and other office supplies. However, the effect of such public expenses in bringing changes in the households’ livelihood and welfare has never been assessed in this study area. This paper aims to investigate what motivates the households to fish and assess the effect of fisheries on the households’ livelihood and welfare. A structured survey consisting of 313 rural households was administered using trained enumerators in two kebeles located close to the Tekeze dam, Northern Ethiopia. The result indicates that socioeconomic characteristics, such as age (young), sex, education, and active family size were driving the households to fishing. Access to market and access to support are driving farmers to fisheries. There is a significant difference in fishing households’ income which is higher than non-fishing households. The results also indicate that there are lesser income inequalities among fishery households operating in cooperatives compared to private fishery households.

scholarly journals Fostering public accountability in South Africa: A reflection on challenges and successes

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandelani H. Munzhedzi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Public Accountability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
Public Service Provision ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Accountability and oversight are constitutional requirements in all the spheres of government in the Republic of South Africa and their foundation is in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. All spheres of government are charged with the constitutional mandate of providing public services. The level of responsibility and public services provision also goes with the level of capacity of a particular sphere. However, most of the direct and visible services that the public receives are at the local sphere of government. As such, enormous resources are channelled towards this sphere of government so that the said public services could be provided. It is imperative that the three spheres of government account for the huge expenditures during the public service provision processes. The parliaments of national and provincial governments exercise oversight and accountability over their executives and administrations through the Public Accounts Committees, while the local sphere of government relies on the Municipal Public Accounts Committees. This article is theoretical in nature, and it seeks to explore the current state of public accountability in South Africa and to evaluate possible measures so as to enhance public accountability. The article argues that the current public accountability mechanisms are not efficient and effective. It is recommended that these mechanisms ought to be enhanced by inter alia capacitating the legislative bodies at national, provincial and local spheres of the government.

scholarly journals SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT MINIMUM EXPENDITURE AND WAGE EXPENDITURE IN THE SIMULTANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SECTOR MODEL OF DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Freddy Wangke
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simultaneous Model

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of increasing expenditure and increasing the minimum wage of the government in the simultaneous model of the industrial sector of DKI Jakarta province. The estimation model in the simultaneous model of the industrial sector of DKI province uses the 2 SLS (Two-Stage Least Squares) method. The simulation results of a 10% increase in the expenditure of the provincial government of DKI has resulted in an increase of investment of 4.72%, production growth of 0.19%, employment of 0.17%, an increase in production costs by 0.24%, and company profits increased by 0.10%. On the other hand, the simulation results of a 10% increase in the provincial minimum wage has resulted in a decrease in labor absorption by 0.55%, a decrease in production in the industrial sector has resulted in 0.21%, a decrease in investment by 0.07%, and a decrease in production costs by 0.04%.

scholarly journals Diffusion Mechanism of Leading Technology in the New Energy Industry Based on the Bass Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Wang ◽  
Bing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Expected Utility ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Bass Model ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Government

With the increasing difficulties associated with heating, the new energy industry has become the mainstay for property development. The effective diffusion of leading technologies supplies a social edge for enterprise core technologies, and this is also a necessary topic for industrial transformation and optimization. Within the international context of energy conservation and emission reduction, the scientific and in-depth study of the diffusion mechanisms underlying leading technologies in the new energy industry have vital theoretical significance for the promotion of the diffusion of leading technologies. Based on the introduction of the Bass model and one extension model, this paper constructs the diffusion model of the new energy industry’s leading technology and analyzes its diffusion mechanism. The identified mechanism indicates that in the case of imperfect market and policy environments, the diffusion of the leading technology of the new energy industry is mainly influenced by the “expected utility” of innovators and the “actual utility” of imitators. The diffusion of the leading technology in innovator enterprises of the new energy industry is mainly affected by the “expected utility,” while the diffusion in imitator enterprises is affected by the “actual utility.” These influences are verified by simulation analysis. Based on the diffusion mechanism, several suggestions are presented for the promotion of the diffusion mechanism of leading technology, with the aim to provide references for the government, industry associations, and enterprises for relevant decision-making.

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