Intolerable Burden of Malaria among Primitive Tribal Community in Odisha: Examining the Fundamental Cause

2021 ◽  
pp. 097206342110504
Author(s):  
Jayakant Singh ◽  
Mathew George
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
The Government

This study seeks to examine the living conditions, working conditions, and health seeking behaviour for malaria among Kondho community after one is infected with malaria. The residential surroundings of those diagnosed with malaria positive cases were extremely conducive for mosquito breeding. For instance, the majority of households threw garbage near their house, went for open defecation, the cowshed was beside their houses, and above all the houses were mostly situated in the jungle or near thick forest. Sub-centre followed by the community health centres was the first point of contact in most cases but medical care was sought only after routine life was affected. While malaria treatment plans are changing towards administering more powerful drugs as a result of chloroquine resistance but not as much has been done in the ground to prevent malaria at the first place. Therefore, together with continuing curative care for malaria—more emphasis is needed on its prevention. Community, civil society and the government need to work in tandem to improve the living and working conditions of backward communities particularly those living in malaria endemic zone so as to be able to take effective preventive measures for malaria.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN KERALA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MALAPPURAM DISTRICT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Unnikrishnan P ◽  
S Bhuvaneswari
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Entrepreneurial Growth ◽  
The Government

The entrepreneurs play an important role in the economic and social development of the nation. Women entrepreneurs are also giving a partial role in this field. Now a day, society gives a better socio economic status to women. The State and Central Government has been introduced various schemes and empowerment programs to promote them to sustain in good working conditions of women enterprise. At present, the number of women entrepreneurs in Kerala is low. If the Government takes necessary promotional measures, the number will rise into an indefinite in future and they can contribute much for the entrepreneurial growth of Kerala. Mostly the women are producing home need items, and this type of essentials & food items. These opportunities can be further applied for the growth of Kerala’s entrepreneurship and the future of women entrepreneur will be an asset for the growth of our state. This study helps to find out the various problems faced by women Entrepreneurs in Malappuram District. The details are directly collected from women entrepreneurs to observe their problems.

scholarly journals Les grèves de médecins en République Démocratique du Congo : quels repères éthiques généralisables?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Laurent Jean-Claude Ravez ◽  
Stuart Rennie ◽  
Robert Yemesi ◽  
Jean-Lambert Chalachala ◽  
Darius Makindu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Minimum Quality

For several years, the Democratic Republic of Congo has been the scene of strikes by the country’s doctors. The strikers’ demands are essentially financial and statutory and are intended to put pressure on the government. In this country, as is the case almost everywhere in the world, medical strikes are allowed. Every worker has the right to denounce by strike working conditions that are considered unacceptable. But are doctors just like any other workers? Do they not have particular moral obligations linked to the specificities of their profession? To shed light on these questions, the authors of this article propose three essential moral benchmarks that can be generalized to medical strike situations elsewhere in the world. The first concerns the recognition of the right to strike for doctors, including for strictly financial reasons. Health professionals cannot be asked to work in inhuman working conditions or without a salary to support their families. The second benchmark argues that it is unacceptable for this right to strike to be exercised if it sacrifices the most vulnerable patients and thus denies the very essence of the medical profession. A third benchmark complicates the reflection by reminding us that the extreme dilapidation of the Congolese health system makes it impossible to organise a minimum quality service in the event of a strike. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a national therapeutic alliance between doctors and citizens to put patients back at the centre of the health system’s concerns.

The Unbearable Precarity of Pursuing Freedom: A Critical Overview of the Spanish sí soy autónomo Movement

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042110400
Author(s):  
Tiago Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Critical Overview

Throughout 2020, the Spanish Government initiated the process of regulating all activities related to platform work with the purpose of ‘chasing the fraud of bogus self-employment’ (PSOE and Unidas Podemos, 2020). Somewhat surprisingly, this initiative was met by a substantial wave of protest from the workers who the government proclaimed to be attempting to protect. In this light, the present research explores the arguments of the Spanish sí soy autónomo (yes I am self-employed) movement in its struggle against the Spanish Government. Drawing from a critical discourse analysis of semi-structured interviews to couriers of Uber Eats, Deliveroo and Glovo, as well as to a representative of an association in favour of the preservation of the self-employed status (N = 20), the main finding is that the pursuit of self-employment status is primarily informed by workers’ attempt to escape the precarious working conditions offered to wage-earners in the Spanish labour market as a whole, rather than by an empirically grounded claim. This suggests that new labour legislation addressing the challenges posed by platform work must not overlook the broader context in which it is intended to unfold – otherwise, it may not only fail to improve the workers’ situation, but also drive them to demand what are, actually, further deregulated legal arrangements. As such, this article’s main contribution to the sociological knowledge consists of pointing out that platform work, specificities notwithstanding, cannot be seen as detached from the broader Work landscape.

The Government and the Shipping Industry

2012 ◽  
pp. 289-302
Author(s):  
Ralph Davis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Elizabeth I ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
British Government ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Navigation Acts ◽  
Law Making

This chapter explores the level of involvement of the British government in mercantile shipping during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It provides the history behind the 1651 Navigation Act and the previous instances of British trade being restricted to British vessels, which date as far back as the fourteenth century and were also present during the reign of Elizabeth I. It then analyses the competition between British and Dutch shipping and the escalating tensions that caused the passing of the 1651 Navigation Act and the outbreak of the Dutch wars. It lists the Navigation Act provisions that applied to shipping, and attempts to answer what scope foreign ships had to trade with England as a result of its implementation. Though the bulk of the chapter discusses the Navigation Acts and their fallout, it also considers the increase of government intervention in maritime activity during the eighteenth century which included law-making efforts concerning the Navy, and investment in docks and ports. It concludes that government intervention, when present, was often beneficial to the industry, particularly when it came to employment issues and working conditions.

scholarly journals Societal Expenditure on Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Van Gils ◽  
A W M Suijkerbuijk ◽  
G A de Wit ◽  
J J Polder ◽  
M A Koopmanschap
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Total Spending ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
National Prevention

Abstract Introduction In 2015, Dutch healthcare expenditure exceeded 85 billion euros. But what about prevention? In this study we estimated national expenditure on prevention. A distinction was made between health protection, health promotion and disease prevention. In the estimation of prevention expenditures, this study is limited to universal, selective and indicated prevention, as healthcare-related prevention can hardly be distinguished from curative care. This study analyzed expenditure on preventive activities in the Netherlands in 2015 and took a societal perspective. Methods We used various sources to investigate spending on prevention in 2015. Insofar as costs were part of healthcare expenditure, estimates were based on the Care Accounts of Statistics Netherlands. For the remainder, we estimated expenditure using annual reports and annual accounts of governments and other organizations. We included preventive activities by consumers, industry, NGOs, insurance companies, and government. Results In 2015, an estimated € 12.4 billion (1.8% of the GDP) was spent on prevention: € 2.4 billion on disease prevention (19%), € 0.6 billion on health promotion (5%) and € 9.4 billion on health protection (76%). This is a decrease of 17% compared to 2007, the last year that a similar estimate was made. Within health promotion, the largest expenditure was for working conditions and safety: € 160 million. € 67 million was spent on mental disorders. The largest expenditure item within disease prevention was dental care: € 675 million. Within health protection, this was the sewer by more than € 3 billion. Conclusions Spending on prevention is relatively low compared to total spending on healthcare. The largest part is targeted at health protection. In the coming years there may be an increase in expenditure, due to more governmental prevention policies such as the National Prevention Agreement. Key messages Spending on prevention is relatively low compared to total spending on healthcare. Relatively little money for health protection.

Mother Tongue in Indigenous Script as Medium of Instruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Ruchira Das
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Olchiki is the indigenous script of Santals, a dominant tribal community of West Bengal, formulated to promote and represent ‘adi’ cultural heritage and traditions in their mother tongue Santali. The script was recognised by the Government of West Bengal in 1978 and was introduced at the primary level of education. However, there have been contestations around its appropriateness as the medium of instruction for the migrant tribal community in the emerging context of the city and globalisation. These discourses have led to the formation of two distinct groups—those who support the introduction of Santali language in Olchiki as a means to formal education and those who resist usage of its script for schooling. In my article, I will present these conflicting views prevailing among the migrant Santals of a settlement called Santragachi, in Kolkata.

scholarly journals South Vietnamese Rural Mothers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Child Health Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Thac ◽  
Freddy Karup Pedersen ◽  
Tang Chi Thuong ◽  
Le Bich Lien ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Child Health Care ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Government ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

A study of 600 rural under-five mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in child care was performed in 4 southern provinces of Vietnam. The mothers were randomly selected and interviewed about sociodemographic factors, health seeking behaviour, and practice of home care of children and neonates. 93.2% of the mothers were literate and well-educated, which has been shown to be important for child health care. 98.5% were married suggesting a stable family, which is also of importance for child health. Only 17.3% had more than 2 children in their family. The mother was the main caretaker in 77.7% of the families. Only 1% would use quacks as their first health contact, but 25.2% would use a private clinic, which therefore eases the burden on the government system. Nearly 69% had given birth in a hospital, 27% in a commune health station, and only 2.7% at home without qualified assistance. 89% were giving exclusive breast feeding at 6 months, much more frequent than in the cities. The majority of the mothers could follow IMCI guideline for home care, although 25.2% did not deal correctly with cough and 38.7% did not deal correctly with diarrhoea. Standard information about Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) based home care is still needed.

The Employment of Foreign Labor in Japan

1991 ◽  
Vol 513 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARUO SHIMADA
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
The Government

The problems of foreign labor in Japan have become increasingly serious economically, politically, and socially in recent years. In response to increasing labor shortages and high wages in Japan, ever larger numbers of foreign workers are entering Japan and illegally engaging in unskilled work under poor working conditions. The amended law of immigration control was put into effect on 1 June 1990, strictly prohibiting the entrance of foreigners for unauthorized work while opening doors more widely for highly skilled and knowledgeable workers. This article first briefly reviews the recent penetration of the Japanese labor market by foreign workers and then discusses potential merits of international migration of workers as well as likely demerits or dangers associated with the spontaneous influx of foreign workers into Japan under the current institutional and social conditions. The article finally proposes a large-scale work and learn program jointly administered by the government and private sector as a policy remedy to maximize the merits, and to minimize the demerits, of accepting foreign workers.

Childhood Rights in Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Viego ◽  
Pamela Manciavillano
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
The Government

In 2005 the Government of Argentina passed the National Law for the Integrated Protection of the Rights of Children and Adolescents. The legislation laid the groundwork for a new long awaited regulatory framework for the promotion and protection of children’s rights in Argentina. In this article we assess this regulatory framework and the extent to which it has enhanced the protection of children, particularly in Buenos Aires Province. In reviewing the administrative structure of the regulatory framework, and evidence of public expenditures on child protection and welfare, the working conditions of child protection staff, and the volume and nature of interventions directed towards children in the province, we argue that the formulation of child rights legislation has done little to alter longstanding popular perceptions and professional practices related to impoverished children.

scholarly journals Common morbidities and felt needs of salt pan workers in a coastal area of Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Jyothi Vasudevan ◽  
Saravanan Vaithiyalingam ◽  
Velavan Anandan ◽  
Amit Kumar Mishra ◽  
Anil J. Purty
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Qualitative Aspect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Salt Pan ◽  
The Government

Background: The occupational hazards faced by salt pan workers during their occupation are myriad, a fact compounded by the lack of basic amenities at their workplace and lack of awareness regarding usage of personal protection equipment.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among fifty-six salt pan workers in Marakkanam, Tamil Nadu to assess their common health problems and a qualitative component was added to assess their felt needs in work place and daily living. Data was collected using pre-designed data collection sheet for assessing the common morbidities. For the qualitative aspect of the study, in-depth interviews were conducted among twenty workers based on convenient sampling, using open ended questions. Data was collected after obtaining informed consent and steps were taken to ensure confidentiality at all stages.Results: The most common health problem of the workers in present study area included dental caries (41.7%), skin conditions (38.1%) musculoskeletal problems (36.7%) and anemia (35.1%) being other significant health problems. The qualitative aspect of the study revealed that the felt needs were improvement of their working conditions and more social support from the Government and the employers. There was very little awareness among the workers regarding use of PPE and none of them used any form of PPE.Conclusions: Salt pan workers had dental problems, dermatological problems and musculoskeletal problems as most common morbidities among them. Harsh working conditions, financial insecurity etc. are some of their work-related problems. Provision of housing facility and financial assistance during off- season by the government, basic amenities at the work place, paid leave in case of injuries, and insurance schemes for them by employer are their main felt needs. They also had no awareness regarding usage of personal protective equipment at the work place.

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