scholarly journals Effects of Water Source, Sanitation and Hygiene on the Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among School Age Children in Jawe District, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse HAILU ◽  
Wondemagegn MULU ◽  
Bayeh ABERA
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with one of the blood flukes called Schistosoma mansoni. The distribution of Schistosoma mansoni infection is high in Sub-Saharan Africa due to water source, sanitation and hygiene problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of water source, sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of schistosomiasis among school-age children in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from Apr 2016 to Aug 2016. Children were selected by systematic random sampling and Formol Ether Concentration Technique (FECT) was used to identify Schistosoma mansoni infection. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics and strength of association of schistosomiasis with determinant factors was calculated by bivariate analysis. Results: Among 333 children, 7% were infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Using surface water for drinking, poor hand wash habit and latrine utilization were significantly associated (P<0.05) with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Conclusion: Absence of safe water for bathing, washing and swimming, poor sanitation and hygiene practices were major risk factors for schistosomiasis. Therefore, health education should be given on the transmission of S. mansoni infection, pure water, sanitation and hygiene in S. mansoni endemic areas.

scholarly journals Synergetic Effects of Plasmodium, Hookworm, and Schistosoma mansoni Infections on Hemoglobin Level among Febrile School Age Children in Jawe Worda, Northwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tadesse Hailu ◽  
Mulat Yimer ◽  
Wondemagegn Mulu ◽  
Bayeh Abera
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Synergetic Effects

Plasmodium coinfection with hookworm and/or Schistosoma mansoni has detrimental effects on human’s hemoglobin level. This study aimed to determine the effects of plasmodium, hookworm, and S. mansoni infections on hemoglobin level among febrile school age children in Northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2016 to August 2016. Plasmodium and helminths infections were detected using Giemsa stain and formol-ether concentration techniques, respectively. Hemoglobin level was determined using Hemocue method. Among 333 children, 143 (42.9%), 49 (14.75%), and 22 (6.6%) had Plasmodium, hookworm, and Schistosoma mansoni infections, respectively. The prevalence of Plasmodium-hookworm and Plasmodium-Schistosoma mansoni coinfections was 18 (12.6%) and 4 (2.8%) in children, respectively. The overall prevalence of anaemia in children was 41.4%. Effect of Plasmodium, hookworm, and Schistosoma mansoni on hemoglobin level was high. Therefore, febrile children should be screened for Plasmodium, hookworm, Schistosoma mansoni, and anaemia simultaneously in malaria endemic areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinant factors of hookworm infection among school age children in Jawe district, NorthWest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2439-2445
Author(s):  
Tadesse Hailu ◽  
Wondemagegn Mulu ◽  
Bayeh Abera
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
School Age ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Determinant Factors

Background: Hookworm infection is a common parasitic infection in sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of hookworm infection is influenced by different determinant factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hookworm infection and determinant factors among school age children in North West Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2016 to August 2016. Children were selected by systematic random sampling and Formoleether concentration technique was used to identify hookworm infection. We conducted descriptive and logistic regression analysis for categorical variables. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated at 95% confidence interval. Results: Among 333 children, 49 (14.7%) were infected with hookworm parasites. Eating raw vegetables, not wearing shoes, absence of regular wearing of shoes and hand washing habit, absence of proper utilization of latrines, absence of deworming were significantly associated (p<0.05) with hookworm infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of hookworm infection was high among school age children. Walking with bare foot, hand washing habit, and absence of proper latrine utilization are the major determinant factors for the high prevalence of hookworm infection. Therefore, community mobilization and health education should be done to decrease hookworm infection among school age children in Jawe district.

scholarly journals THE RELATONSHIP BETWEEN THE INTAKE OF ENERGY,PROTEIN, VITAMIN A AND ZINC (Zn) AND STUNTING IN THE AGE OF EARLY PERIOD IN ENTERING SCHOOL IN CANDIREJO VILLAGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Desy Kumaladewi ◽  
Sugeng Maryanto ◽  
Galeh Septiar Pontang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Average Intake

Stunting is one of the effects of lack of nutrients that lasts a long time. Stunting can occur due to deficiency of macronutrients and macronutrients that play a role in the growth, such as energy, protein, vitamin A and zinc (Zn). The aim of this study was determine the relationship between the intake of energy, protein, vitamin A and zinc (Zn) and the incidences of stunting in children of school age in Candirejo Village This research was The study correlation with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all first year students in Candirejo village. It obtained 56 children with total sampling method. Method of data taking used microtoise, digital scale and FFQ. Bivariate analysis used Pearson product moment and alternative test of Spearman rho (α=0,05) The average energy intake in children was 86.5% RDA. The average protein intake in children was 106.3% RDA. The average intake of vitamin A in children was 111.9% RDA. The average intake of zinc in children was 64.4% RDA. From 56 childs 37,5% was stunting and 62,5% no stunting. There was no relationship between the intake of energy, protein and vitamin A with the incidences of stunting (p = 0.129, p = 0.139, p = 0.200), and there was a correlation between zinc intake with the incidences of stunting (p = 0.014) There was no relationship between the intake of energy, protein and vitamin A with the incidences of stunting in children of school-age in Candirejo village. There was a relationship between zinc intake with the incidences of stunting in school-age children in the Candirejo village.

scholarly journals Blood Cholinesterase Level is Associated with Cognitive Function in Indonesian School-age Children Exposed to Pesticides

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Rusdy Ghazali Malueka ◽  
Andrianor Rahman ◽  
Ery Kus Dwianignsih ◽  
Andre Stefanus Panggabean ◽  
Halwan Fuad Bayuangga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
School Age ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: Pesticides are known as depressors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, resulting in the nervous system toxicity. The previous studies have described associations between AChE, a stable marker of pesticide poisoning, and cognitive performance in children. AIM: This study aimed to identify the association between blood AChE level and cognitive function in children exposed to pesticides in the Magelang Regency, Indonesia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving school-age children with a history of pesticide exposure in Ngablak, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, was conducted. Blood AChE level was evaluated, and the Modified Mini–Mental State Examination for Children (MMMSEC) was used to analyze the cognitive function of the children. RESULTS: In total, 56 subjects aged between 9 and 11 years were included in this study. Median blood AChE level was 9.64 kIU/L, and 24 subjects (42.9%) had low blood AChE levels. Median MMMSEC score was 33. Eleven subjects (19.6%) were found to have abnormal cognitive function. Bivariate analysis showed that blood AChE level was associated with MMMSEC score (r = 0.343, p = 0.010). Multiple linear regression showed that blood AChE level had a positive association with cognitive function in children, assessed using the MMMSEC score (β = 0.360; p = 0.006). Further analysis showed that the attention and orientation (memory function) domains of the MMMSEC were significantly associated with blood AChE level (β: 0.371 and 0.297, respectively, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Blood AChE level, a stable marker of pesticide poisoning, was positively associated with cognitive function in children, as assessed using the MMMSEC score. In particular, the orientation and attention domains of the MMMSEC were associated with blood AChE level.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE WITH SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS INFECTION AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN OF ARU ISLANDS DISTRICT, MALUKU

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Tiffany Konstantin ◽  
Indah Setyawati Tantular ◽  
Alpha Fardah Athiyyah ◽  
Lynda Rossyanti
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Stool Samples

ABSTRACTSoil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) infection is the most common intestinal parasite infection in Indonesia. STH infection can interfere with child development and cause cognitive impairment in severe cases.  The school-age group is the most susceptible to STH infection because of direct contact with soil in the school yard. STH infection incidence can be avoided by adequate water, healthy latrines, and good hygiene and can be improved by proper interventions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) with STH infection in Aru Islands District, Maluku. This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in Elementary Schools in Karangguli and Wokam villages, Aru Islands district, Maluku. One hundred and six stool samples were collected from both villages. The sociodemographic and WASH data were collected using the interview method. Stool samples were collected and examined for STH infection using a direct smear technique on the light microscope. Data statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program using the Chi-square or Fischer’s Exact test. The examination results showed that 73 students (68.9%) were infected with STH. The bivariate analysis showed that water source (p = 0.000002), defecation place (p = 0.002), and washing hands after defecation (p = 0.048) were all significantly correlated with STH infection. This study concluded that WASH variables which were water source, defecation place, and washing hands after defecation had a significant correlation with STH infection. Keywords: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH); soil-transmitted helminths infection; elementary school students.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods for Schistosoma mansoni Detection in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abebe Fenta ◽  
Tadesse Hailu ◽  
Megbaru Alemu ◽  
Arancha Amor
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Priority ◽  
And Control

Background. Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic worm that infects humans throughout the world. It is more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Proper detection of Schistosoma mansoni using sensitive diagnostic methods is crucial in the prevention and control era. Since direct wet mount microscopy with its low sensitivity has been used as a diagnostic technique in Ethiopia, searching alternative diagnostic methods which have better sensitivity should be a priority agenda. Objective. This study is aimed at evaluating the performance of diagnostic methods for Schistosoma mansoni in Amhara region. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 school children from October to December 2019 in Amhara region. The study participants were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Stool samples were collected from each participant and processed via formol-ether concentration, Kato-Katz, and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques. The data was entered into EpiData version 3.1, and analysis was done using SPSS version 20. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated against the combined result as “Gold” standard. A kappa value was computed to measure the strength of agreement of the diagnostic methods. Results. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 20.2% using a combination of three methods. The prevalence of 8.3%, 12.9%, and16.3%, respectively, was recorded by using formol-ether concentration, Kato-Katz, and spontaneous tube sedimentation. The spontaneous tube sedimentation method (81.0%) had better sensitivity compared to Kato-Katz (63.8%) and formol-ether concentration (41.0%) methods in Schistosoma mansoni detection. Conclusion. The spontaneous tube sedimentation technique is more sensitive and has better detection rate to Schistosoma mansoni infection followed by the Kato-Katz technique. Therefore, updating the current diagnostic methods for Schistosoma mansoni could be a priority agenda to take action in schistosomiasis prevention and control.

scholarly journals Residence Time, Water Contact, and Age-driven Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Hotspot Communities in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Arinaitwe ◽  
Moses Adriko ◽  
Brian Kibwika ◽  
Edridah M. Tukahebwa ◽  
Christina L. Faust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional

Schistosomiasis is the second most important parasitic infection after malaria in terms of its socioeconomic impact and is endemic in 78 countries. It affects more than 240 million people worldwide, with 90% of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, Schistosoma mansoni is the most common species, with more than seven million people infected and 17 million living at risk despite mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel initiated more than 16 years ago. There has been a shift in the WHO schistosomiasis goals from controlling morbidity to elimination as a public health problem. Understanding the drivers of infection in persistent transmission hotspots despite ongoing control interventions is paramount. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 381 individuals in Bugoto community, Mayuge district, Eastern Uganda, along with a structured survey to ascertain drivers of S. mansoni infection. Bugoto has had community-wide MDA since 2003. We detected an S. mansoni prevalence of 52% across the whole community and a prevalence of 71% in school-age children. This qualifies Bugoto as a highly endemic community according to WHO guidelines. Using a multivariate logistic regression, we found that S. mansoni infection was best explained by age group, longer residence times, and at least 5 minutes of daily contact with lake water. Schistosoma mansoni infection remains a large burden across this community. This study identifies opportunities for interventions that reduce lake water contact, expand treatment eligibility to all at risk, and improve MDA coverage for long-term residents in these settings to control schistosomiasis in persistent transmission hotspots.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DURASI BERMAIN VIDEO GAME DENGAN KETAJAMAN PENGLIHATAN ANAK USIA SEKOLAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Fauziah Rudhiati ◽  
Dyna Apriany ◽  
Novani Hardianti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Snellen Chart

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Gangguan penglihatan merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting pada anak, mengingat 80% informasi selama 12 tahun pertama kehidupan anak didapatkan melalui penglihatan. Hal yang dapat memengaruhi kesehatan mata anak diantaranya adalah paparan radiasi dari layar monitor barang elektronik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan durasi bermain video game dengan ketajaman penglihatan anak usia sekolah di SDN Majalaya 2. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan Analitik Korelatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Sampel adalah siswa sekolah dasar kelas 3-5 sebanyak 67 orang. Data diolah dengan analisis Bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki durasi tidak normal saat bermain video game (>2 jam/hari atau lebih dari 14 jam/minggu) sebanyak 44 orang (65,7%). Sebagian besar dari responden termasuk katagori ketajaman tidak normal dimana nilai snellen chart (6/9–6/21) sebanyak 38 orang (65,7%). Hasil uji menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara durasi bermain video game dengan ketajaman penglihatan pada Anak Usia Sekolah (Kelas III - V) di SDN Majalaya 2 (Pvalue = 0,0001). Diskusi: Disarankan agar sekolah dapat membuat program ekstrakurikuler yang dibuat semenarik mungkin untuk mengalihkan kegiatan siswa dari bermain video game, melakukan kontrol ke lapangan secara berkala ke tempat-tempat penyewaan jasa video game serta diharapkan agar perawat bersama UKS dapat mengadakan penyuluhan mengenai kesehatan mata. Kata kunci : anak sekolah, ketajaman penglihatan, video game.   ABSTRACT Introduction: Impaired vision is an important health problem particularly in children Disturbances in visual acuity is caused by the duration of playing video games. The aim of research to determine the relationship of the duration of playing video games with visual acuity of school-age children in SDN Majalaya 2. Method: Analytical methods used correlative study with cross-sectional design. Samples are 3-5 grade elementary school students as many as 67 people. Data obtained directly using the snellen chart questionnaires and subsequent data processed bivariate analysis using chi-square test. Result: The results showed that the majority of respondents did not include the category of normal duration as many as 44 people (65.7%). Most of the respondents, including the category in which the abnormal acuity as many as 38 people (65.7%). The test results showed an association between the duration of playing video games with visual acuity in school age children (class III - V) in SDN Majalaya 2 (pvalue = 0.0001). Discussion: It is recommended that teachers make extracurricular programs are made as attractive as possible, giving a warning to the student who was caught playing a video game in school, make an agreement with puskesmas officers in order to conduct health education about the dangers of playing video games Keywords: duration of play video game, school age children, sharpness of vision Full printable version: PDF

scholarly journals Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Respon Cemas pada Anak Usia Sekolah (6-12 Tahun) Saat Dilakukan Pemasangan Infus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Siska Ayu Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
School Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of

Hospitalization in pediatric patients will cause children to feel anxious and stressed in various conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of family support to anxious responses in school-age children (6-12 years) when an IV was placed in the emergency room at Rafflesia Bengkulu Hospital. This research is a descriptive analytic study with cross sectional approach. A sample of 78 children were placed on an IV line, samples were taken using accidental sampling technique. Data were obtained using a family support questionnaire and anxiety observation sheets. Bivariate analysis uses the Chi Square formula. Univariate analysis results found 57.7% of family support is good while 42.3% of family support is not good, while the level of anxiety of children is 17.9% not worried, 43.6% mild anxiety and 38.5% moderate anxiety. Bivariate analysis found ρ value 0,000, which means there is a relationship between family support and the level of anxiety of children. Conclusion, there is a significant relationship between family support and the level of anxiety of school-age children (6-12 years) when infusion is placed. Keyword: Family Support, Child Anxiety, Hospitalization

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