scholarly journals Probióticos Como Aditivos Dietéticos Para Cerdos. Una Revisión/Probiotics as Dietetic Additives for Pigs. A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Morales-Oñate ◽  
B Morales-Oñate
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Keywords Probiotics

Por varias décadas se ha utilizado en los sistemas intensivos y semi intensivos de producción porcina los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento, con la finalidad de controlar los problemas digestivos y respiratorios y mejorar la eficiencia. Sin embargo, su utilización en la alimentación de animales destinados al consumo humano, se relaciona con la crisis de salud global por la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. A nivel internacional, varias jurisdicciones respondieron a través de la restricción o prohibición del uso de estos productos. Esta situación condujo a que diferentes grupos de investigación se centraran en el estudio y desarrollo de alternativas para mantener la salud de los animales y el rendimiento productivo. Dentro de estas alternativas se incluyen probióticos que son uno de los aditivos alimentarios más estudiados y se definen como microorganismo(s) vivo (s) que cuando se adicionan en cantidades adecuadas influyen benéficamente en la salud del huésped. La aplicación de estos productos en la alimentación de cerdos puede modular la respuesta inmune y mejorar los parámetros zootécnicos de conversión alimenticia y ganancia de peso vivo final. Además, se pueden utilizar en el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas digestivas, como la diarrea, lo que aporta un beneficio económico importante en la industria porcina. En este estudio, se realizó una revisión de las diferentes etapas fisiológicas de cerdos con 23 citas bibliográficas y 50 referencias sobre la utilización de probióticos en la especie porcina como la utilización de probióticos en la alimentación. For several decades, antibiotic growth promoters have been used in intensive and semi-intensive systems of swine production, with the purpose of controlling digestive and respiratory problems and improving efficiency. However, its use in feeding animals destined for human consumption is related to the global health crisis due to resistance to antimicrobials. Internationally, several jurisdictions responded by restricting or prohibiting the use of these products. This situation led to different research groups focusing on the study and development of alternatives to maintain animal health and productive performance. These alternatives include probiotics that are one of the most studied food additives and are defined as live microorganism (s) that, when added in adequate amounts, beneficially influence the health of the host. The application of these products in pig feed can modulate the immune response and improve the zootechnical parameters of feed conversion and final live weight gain. In addition, they can be used in the treatment of digestive infectious diseases, such as diarrhea, which provides a significant economic benefit in the swine industry. In this study, a review was made of the different physiological stages of pigs with 23 citations and 50 references on the use of probiotics in swine as the use of probiotics in food. Palabras Claves: Probióticos, antibióticos, rendimiento productivo, salud del huésped. Keywords: Probiotics, antibiotics, productive performance, guest health.

scholarly journals Role of probiotics in nutrition and health of small ruminants

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Abd El-Tawab ◽  
I.M.I. Youssef ◽  
H.A. Bakr ◽  
G.C. Fthenakis ◽  
N.D. Giadinis
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Research On Application

AbstractSmall ruminants represent an important economic source in small farm systems and agriculture. Feed is the main component of livestock farming, which has gained special attention to improve animal performance. Many studies have been done to improve feed utilisation through addition of feed additives. For a long period, antibiotics have been widely used as growth promoters in livestock diets. Due to their ban in many countries, search for alternative feed additives has been intensified. Probiotics are one of these alternatives recognised to be safe to the animals. Use of probiotics in small ruminant nutrition has been confirmed to improve animal health, productivity and immunity. Probiotics improved growth performance through enhancing of rumen microbial ecosystem, nutrient digestibility and feed conversion rate. Moreover, probiotics have been reported to stabilise rumen pH, increase volatile fatty acids production and to stimulate lactic acid utilising protozoa, resulting in a highly efficient rumen function. Furthermore, use of probiotics has been found to increase milk production and can reduce incidence of neonatal diarrhea and mortality. However, actual mechanisms through which probiotics exert these functions are not known. Since research on application of probiotics in small ruminants is scarce, the present review attempts to discuss the potential roles of this class of feed additives on productive performance and health status of these animals.

scholarly journals Growth performance and safety of meat from cattle feedlot finished with monensin in the ration

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽  
Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽  
Eloize Jaqueline Askel ◽  
André Martins de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Fat Thickness

Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic, the inclusion of which in the feed of beef cattle favors the best use of feed nutrients, via ruminal modulation. However, there are concerns regarding the residence of residues in the carcass from metabolism of monensin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, tissue residual depletion and economic benefit of finishing of young bulls in confinement with monensin in the ration. Thirty-six animals were confined, and given 50% corn silage feed and 50% more concentrated feed. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments (with or without monensin) and 10 replicates for the control group and eight for the monensin group. The use of monensin reduced the dry matter intake in relation to live weight (2.36% vs 2.55%), and improved feed conversion (8.61 vs 10.06 kg kg?1); the animals presented higher live weight (511 vs 494 kg), higher warm carcass weight (285 vs 272 kg) and an increase in fat thickness (4.97 vs 4.25 mm) compared to control animals. These increases in performance gave higher economic results, with a profit margin of R$ 122.84 per animal. A waiting period of 16 h before slaughter resulted in monensin concentrations below 0.25 µg kg?1 in edible organs and tissues, values well below those permitted by legislation. The use of monensin for young bulls in confinement promoted improvements in productive and economic performance, without leaving residues in edible tissues.

scholarly journals Insects: a novel animal-feed protein source for the Australian market

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2037
Author(s):  
K. DiGiacomo ◽  
H. Akit ◽  
B. J. Leury
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Feed Conversion

The increasing demands on natural resources to provide food and feed has led to increased global initiatives to improve production sustainability and efficiency. The use of insects as an alternate source of protein for human food and production-animal feed is one such avenue gaining attention. With there being a large variety of insect species endemic to each region, there is likely to be an ideal candidate for each specific production system and region. Insects require less land and water than do terrestrial animals, have high feed-conversion efficiency (FCE) and emit low levels of greenhouse gases (GHG). Insect species currently investigated for mass production include black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), mealworms and crickets. In western societies, it is less likely that wide-scale adoption of insects as a food source will occur, although speciality products with ‘hidden’ insects, such as cricket flour, are commercially available. It is likely to be more achievable for insects to be included into the diets of production and companion animals. While there has been significant investment in research and development of large-scale insect-production systems, such facilities are yet to start producing at a significant scale. The safety and efficacy of insects as a food or feed must be established in conjunction with the development of mass rearing facilities and the optimisation of insect-rearing substrates. Insects also have nutraceutical properties that may have beneficial impacts on animal health and growth, with scope for these properties to be exploited as feed or food additives. The present review will explore the following question: ‘are insects a future livestock industry for Australia?’.

PSI-10 Effect of a plant extract mixture (pronutrients) on serum cytokines, intestinal integrity indicators and productive performance in broilers with raw soybean inclusion in the diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 273-274
Author(s):  
Alejandra V Ruiz ◽  
Liliana L Betancourt López
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
P Value ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Plant extracts contain active molecules called pronutrients that could replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in order to improve intestinal integrity, optimize feed utilization and consequently, increase productive performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a mixture of pronutrients on hematological parameters, serum cytokins regulation, intestinal morphology, organs weight and productive parameters. The trial was conducted with 480 one-day-old male broilers of the Ross AP 308 divided into 3 groups: Group CON - Basal diet only, Group AB supplemented with bacitracin methylene disalicylate and Halquinol continuously, and Group PR with a mixture powder of pronutrients, respectively. The experiment lasted up to the 35th day of age. 3 % of crude soybean was added to all basal diets as a challenge for intestinal integrity. All data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and P value less than 0.05 was set as statistically significant and 0.05 < P < 0.1 as tendency. A decrease of all serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) in supplemented broilers with pronutrients was observed. The intestinal morphology parameters were better (length and villi depth) and performance parameters such as feed intake, body weight and feed conversion rate (FCR) throughout the trial were improved in broilers supplemented with pronutrients (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with a natural additive based on pronutrients demonstrated to be an effective alternative to AGP to improve intestinal morphology, productive performance and regulating hematological and immune values in broilers challenged with diets containing raw soybean.

scholarly journals Dietary black cumin (Nizella sativa) seed meal on growth and meat yield performance of broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Jahan ◽  
M Khairunnesa ◽  
S Afrin ◽  
MS Ali
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Significant Difference

A total of 144, day old as hatched Cobb-500 broilers were fed adlibitum basis on a diet with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of Black Cumin Seed Meal up to 35 days of age to compare the effect of BCSM as herbal growth promoters on growth performance, meat yield characteristics and profitability of broilers. The experimental diets consisted of broiler starter and broiler grower, which were fed from 0-16 and 17-35 days of age, respectively. Diets supplemented with 1.5% BCSM showed significant effect on live weight at 21, 28 and 35 days of old in broilers in various groups as compared to that of control group. Better feed conversion (2.02) also noticed at 1.5% level of BCSM at early stage (14 days of old) of broilers. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the average live weight, dressing yield, thigh meat, wing meat, heart, gizzard liver, at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% level of BCSM diet. But difference found within breast meat, drumstick meat, abdominal fat and skin of broilers at 1.5% level of BCSM diet. It may be concluded that supplementation of BCSM at 1.5% had the highest significant effect (P<0.01) on feed cost (Tk kg-1 b), production cost (Tk kg-1 b) and profit (Tk kg-1 b) and lower mortality. So that 1.5% BCSM in diets can be used for economic and efficient broiler production than 0.5% and 1.0 % level.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 151-160 (2015)

scholarly journals Productive features of broiler chickens in hot weather: effects of strain and sex

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphinne Cardoso Nagib do Nascimento ◽  
Leilane Rocha Barros Dourado ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Stélio Bezerra Pinheiro de Lima ◽  
Melina Da Conceição Macêdo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weather Effects ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of broiler strains (Cobb 500, Ross 308, and Hubbard Flex) in hot weather. Environmental temperatures above thermal comfort trigger responses of the animals to maintain homeothermia, which negatively affects productive performance. A total of 2,160 chicks of both sexes, were distributed in an experimental design that was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 2 (strains and sexes) with six replicates of 60 birds each. Feed intake (FI), live weight (LW), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion (FC) were analyzed at periods of 1–7, 1–21, 1–28, 1–42, and 1–49 days old. At 42 and 49 days old, the carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), breast yield (BY), thigh yield (TY), and drumstick yield (DY) were analyzed. The strains differed in LW and WG in most periods, especially for Cobb broilers in the pre-start period (1–7 days) and Hubbard broilers in the last two periods (1–42 and 1–49 days). Except for the pre-initial stage, which there was no influence of the strains on FC, the Hubbard broilers showed the best FC, at 1–49 d, similarly to Cobb broilers. Regardless of strain, the males showed superior performance to that of females. At 42 d, the Cobb broilers showed a superior BY to that of the other strains, presenting better TY than did the Ross and Hubbard strains. At 49 d, the Cobb and Ross strains showed the best BY, with the Hubbard strain having the greatest DY. Males showed higher values in cut yields, except in the BY in which females showed better results.

scholarly journals Mucuna pruriens seeds given in broiler diets on growth performance and carcass yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ronald Herve Santos Ricalde ◽  
Luis Sarmiento Franco ◽  
Francisco Lopez Santiz ◽  
Carlos Sandoval Castro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Live Weight Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluated the effect of soaked Mucuna pruriens (MP) seeds in tap water, acid or alkaline solution + cooking on its L-Dopa content and on the productive performance of broiler chickens. Ninety-six sexed chicks aged 21-days old with an initial live weight of 720 ± 80 g were used. Four diets were used, a control without MP (C) and three diets including 25 % MP: a) soaked MP in tap water + cooking (WMP); b) soaked MP in acetic acid solution + cooking (AAMP); c) soaked MP in calcium hydroxide solution + cooking (CHMP). The alkaline treatment reduced 71 % of L-Dopa in comparison to acid or water treatment (53 % and 41 % respectively). In the starter phase, the acid group had the lowest live weight gain (p<0.05) and highest feed conversion ratio when compared to control (p<0.05). Productive performance of birds fed with CHMP and C group was similar (p>0.05). In the finisher phase, there was not statistical difference in feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio among treatments (p>0.05). No differences were observed in carcass yield (p>0.05), but, the birds fed MP or AAMP had a heavier liver than birds on C group (p<0.05). Results shown that 25 % of CHMP can be used as feedstuff for broiler chickens without negative effects in their productive performance. Keywords: Velvet bean, L-Dopa, Poultry, weight gain.

scholarly journals UTILIZAÇÃO DO HALQUINOL COMO PROMOTOR DE CRESCIMENTO E COADJUVANTE NO CONTROLE DA COCCIDIOSE EM FRANGOS DE CORTE

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. B CARDOSO ◽  
J. S. FLEMMING ◽  
F. F. FLEMMING
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Lesion Count ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Drug Influence ◽  
Different Levels

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar a influência da utilização do halquinol (uma mistura de 5,7-dicloro-8-quinolinol, 5-cloro-8 quinolinol e 7-cloro-8-quinolinol) como promotor de crescimento, bem como sua possível ação no controle da coccidiose, em frangos de corte. Foram analisados parâmetros como ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, viabilidade e índice de eficiência produtiva. Foram constituídos 6 tratamentos, num total de 2880 aves criadas em piso, com diferentes níveis da droga na ração. Observou-se que a utilização do halquinol como promotor de crescimento não alterou significativamente (P>0.05) o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e a viabilidade das aves. A associação do halquinol a outros promotores de crescimento também não influenciou positivamente (P>0.05) os parâmetros zootécnicos avaliados. No segundo estudo, num experimento em gaiolas procurou-se avaliar a ação do halquinol no controle da coccidiose, comparando-se a ação de 30 g/ton do produto associado ou não ao coccidiostático maduramicina frente à inoculação de diferentes Eimerias. Foram utilizadas 40 aves criadas em gaiolas que receberam um inoculo misto de E.tenella, E. acervulina e E. máxima, sendo então realizado escore de lesões. Como resultado observou-se que a utilização do halquinol potencializa a ação da maduramicina no controle da E. acervulina, não apresentando entretanto qualquer efeito no controle da E. máxima e E.tenella. Utilization of halquinol as a growth promoter and coadjuvanto on coccidiosis control in broilers Abstract The main purpose of this stud was to invetigate the clorade-8-hidroxiquinolim (halquinol) drug influence as a promoter of growth, as well as it´s possible action in the coccidiosis control in chicken for human consumption. Some parameters have been analised such as weight gain, food conversion ,viability and produtive efficiency index. Six treatments were undertaken, on a total of 2880 birds raised on flat surface with different levels of drug in then feed .It was noted that the utilization of halquinol as a promoter of growth didn´t alter significantly (P>0.05) the weight gain, the feed conversion and the viability of the birds. The addition of halquinol to other growth promoters also didn´t influence positively (P>0.05) the evalueted zootechnical parameters. In the second study, during a bird cage experiment there was no attempt to evaluate the halquinol action in the control of coccidiosis by comparing the of 30 g/ton of clorade-8-hidroxiquinolin (halquinol) associade or not with maduramicine coccidiostatic during the Eimerias innoculation. There were utilize 40 cages raised birds wich received a mixed E. tennela, E. acervulina e E. maxima inoculum, and was performed a lesion count. As a result it was observed that the utilization of halquinol potencializes the maduramicine action in the control of E. acervulina; however no showing any effect in the control of E.maxima and E. tenella.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass traits of New Zealand White and California rabbits breeds and their crosses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario enrique Macias fonseca ◽  
J.G. Herrera – Haro ◽  
A. Pro – Martínez ◽  
M.E. Ortega – Cerrilla ◽  
B. Ruíz – Sesma
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Size At Birth

Objective: Evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics as well as the individual and maternal heterosis effects of New Zealand White (NZB), California (CA) rabbits and their crosses.Design/methodology/approach: 450 offspring rabbits, from 48 females mated to 6 stud rabbits, were evaluated, recording the weight (PNC) and litter size at birth (TCN) and at weaning (TCD), as well as, and weight (PMS), weight gain (GMD), consumption (CMS), and feed conversion (CONV) for during 8 weeks post-weaning. The carcass live weight at slaughter, warm carcass weight with head, carcass yield, and carcass parts of the carcass were evaluated.Results: Showed differences (p &lt;0.05) in TCN and TCD with values of 10.47 and 9.03 kits, respectively. When NZB was used as the paternal breed, obtaining an individual heterosis of 5.91% for litter size and 12.44% for weaning weight. In the productive performance and carcass characteristics, the superiority of the California breed as a paternal breed was evidenced, with average values of 36.05 g in GMD and 2.95 kg in CONV. The averageindividual weight at the end of the fattening, at 70 days of age, was 2.09 kg and the weight of the carcass 1.16 kg. Post-weaning heterosis for the characteristics evaluated during fattening was were positive and moderate.Limitations on study/implications: It is necessary to carry out genetic improvement studies, with different crossing systems and to evaluate results based on the productive and reproductive behavior.Findings/conclusions: in reproductive characteristics, when using NZB as apaternal breed, the offspring are superior to those obtained from CA; while inthe productive variables, the offspring from CA show superior results.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DAY OLD CHICKS WEIGHT ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF TWO BROILER STRAINS AND THEIR CROSSING

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. H. AL-Shamire
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Breast Weight ◽  
Medium Weight

This experment was conducted at the Poultry Farm،Animal production Dept./College of Agriculture. University of Baghdad from 1-4-2014 to 12-5-2014. to investigate the potential effect of day old chicks weight produced from two broiler strains and their crossing  Ross 308 , Arbor Acres and Ross 308 x Arbor Acres on productive performance . A total of 360 day all chicks were distributed randomly to 6 groups with 4 replicate pens )15 birds / pens). The experimental groups were: T1= Ar-medium; T2= Ar - Large ; T3= R-medium; T4= R -Large; T5= R - Arb-medium; T6= R - Ar-Large. Results showed that body weight, weekly average gain, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and relative breast weight in female were  significantly (p<0.05) better in group T3 and T5 compared to heavy chicks . While there was no significant differences between sex or strain for breast relative weight and other cuts. It could be concluded from this study that chicks with medium weight gave better or equal live weight compared to heaver strain .however crossing between hybrids improved productive performance of broilers .

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