scholarly journals The results of the comparative evaluation of samples of oat (A. sativa L., A. byzantine C. Koch) for resistance to lodging, yield and adaptability in central Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Julia I. Vargach
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

Relevance. Each sample is characterized by a number of biological features, due to the recombination of genetic material in the process of its selection. These features are manifested in the reaction of plants to soil-climatic and technological conditions, expressed in the change of the elements of the yield structure and indicators of the level of adaptability of plants to growing conditions, as well as resistance to lodging. New samples have little-known properties that need to be studied and compared in specific soil and climatic conditions, to assess them in order to decide on the possibility of their zoning or culling. The main indicators characterizing the level of agricultural production are productivity, resistance to lodging, since the shortage of grain as a result of lodging of cereals can reach 15-40%. The introduction of new high-yielding varieties on the basis of their testing and the use of the most effective technological methods of cultivation on crops will allow to receive a significant gross harvest.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 2016-2018 to assess models of cultural hexaploid species of oats hulled and naked forms of resistance to lodging, yield and adaptability in the temperate continental climate of Central non-Chernozem zone. Resistance to lodging, yield variability, indices of environmental conditions and adaptability were determined. The main method of evaluation of the field resistance to lodging – visual (in points) that allows you to rank the varieties based on this characteristic. We were calculated potential productivity and adaptability of varieties by method L. A. Zhivotkov et al. [1], an indicator of the stability level of the sample yield (Puss) by the method of E. D. Nettevich et al. [2].Results. Many varieties showed good plasticity and high productivity potential. The best in resistance to lodging, yield and adaptability among the hulled forms were varieties Sig, Mirt, Poseidon, Belinda, Rajtar, and the naked forms – Becas, Vyatsky, Korolek.

scholarly journals Variability assessment of productivity traits and quality of berries in the genetic collection of garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) in the Orenburg region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
E V Aminova ◽  
R R Salimova ◽  
O E Merezhko
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Productivity Potential

Abstract Nowadays the study of the interrelation of the genotype of strawberry plants in garden and climatic conditions is extremely relevant. Due to the various systems of genetic control and the modifying effects of growing conditions on the manifestation of quantitative traits, there is the need to assess the genotypic variability of economically valuable features, focused on the identification of genotypes characterized by stability and adaptive qualities in growing conditions. The study examined 15 varieties of garden strawberries of domestic and foreign selection. The field experiments and surveys were carried out according to the Program generally accepted in the Russian Federation and methodology for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. We studied such features as the number of peduncles (pcs/bush), number of berries (pcs/bush), average weight of berries (g), total and marketable yield (g/bush), sugar content in berries, soluble solids and ascorbic acid. The purpose of this work was to assess the genotype-year interrelation in terms of the variability of productivity features and berry quality and to identify strawberry varieties with a stable genotype. As a result of two-way analysis of variance for the variety-year interrelation, the obtained values were 1.10-8.50 at standard Fst. - 1.24. Statistically important differences had indicators of productivity of a bush between the first and second clusters (t = 5.89 at p <0.01), the first and third (t = 15.83 at p <0.01), the second and third clusters (t = 8.13 at p <0.01), as well as the average berry weight between the first and third, second and third clusters (t = 15.50 and 6.99 at p <0.01, respectively). Significant differences in the value of the Euclidean distance were revealed for varieties Mishutka (54.5), Daryonka (54.5), Pervoklassnitsa (58) realizing their productivity potential in different years of cultivation.

scholarly journals Production simulations based on a productivity potential proxy function: An application to UNISIM-I-D and PUNQ-S3 synthetic reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldir L. Roque ◽  
Cristina P. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Absolute Permeability ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Well Placement ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Grid Block ◽  
Productivity Potential

Abstract Oil recovery from a reservoir involves quite a lot of challenges related to well placement before any action can be taken. An important step is proposing a reservoir target area that provides an indication of high potential for oil recovery. In other words, a position presenting high productivity potential according to some criteria. A simple proposal is the potential productivity proxy function (PP) based on the oil-bearing and mobility capacities of oil suggested as $$\phi k{S_{\rm o}}^n$$ ϕ k S o n , where n is a correlation parameter, $$\phi$$ ϕ is porosity, k is absolute permeability and $$S_{\rm o}$$ S o is oil saturation at grid block. In this paper, we consider this proxy function as a well placement strategy based on the column-wise ($${\text {PP}}_{\rm C}$$ PP C ) and layer-wise ($${\text {PP}}_{\rm L}$$ PP L ) values. To test this model, the UNISIM-I-D and PUNQ-S3 synthetic reservoirs are considered. Several production simulations are realized assuming a set of vertical wells placed at the best $${\text {PP}}_{\rm C} \cap {\text {PP}}_{\rm L}$$ PP C ∩ PP L , supported by the additional considerations of minimizing the water saturation and respecting a minimum distance between wells. The results, compared to the production of the original grouped UNISIM-I-D and grouped PUNQ-S3 wells, show a reasonable performance of the PP strategy for well placement. In addition, the net present value shows that the proposed wells are economically feasible. The study provided that under certain conditions, $${\text {PP}}_{\rm C} \cap {\text {PP}}_{\rm L}$$ PP C ∩ PP L is an alternative approach to find out target positions exhibiting a high productivity potential for well placement appropriateness and oil recovery.

scholarly journals Economic and biological characteristics of the spring bread wheat varieties developed in the Voronezh FASC named after V. V. Dokuchaev

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
E. I. Malokostova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Productivity Potential

The current paper has discussed information on the characteristics and properties of the zoned spring bread wheat varieties developed in the Federal Agricultural Scientific Centre named after V.V. Dokuchaev. The purpose of the study was to develop new spring bread wheat varieties with high productivity and grain quality, resistant to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors and adapted to the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region. In the FASC named after V.V. Dokuchaev there were developed such highly productive spring bread wheat varieties as ‘Krestyanka’, ‘Kurskaya 2038’, ‘Voronezhskaya 12’, ‘Chernozemnouralskaya 2’ and ‘Voronezhskaya 18’, which are currently approved for use in production. There were analyzed the study results of productivity, grain quality and resistance to unfavorable environmental factors in different growing periods of the varieties. There was found an unambiguous productivity excess of the developed varieties over the standard ones. The endurance of the presented varieties in unfavorable conditions indicates an increase in the stability of the main traits that characterize productivity, resistance to drought, diseases, and lodging. There has been established, that in terms of grain quality the varieties ‘Krestyanka’ and ‘Chernozemnouralskaya 2’ belong to strong wheat with potential productivity of 7.20 and 6.65 t/ha, respectively. The varieties ‘Kurskaya 2038’, ‘Voronezhskaya 12’ and ‘Voronezhskaya 18’ are valuable wheat varieties with realized productivity potential of 5.31, 5.70 and 6.96 t/ha, respectively. There has been identified that the varieties ‘Chernozemnouralskaya 2’ and ‘Voronezhskaya 18’ are recommended to sow with a seeding rate of 6.0 million germinating grains per hectare for the rapid seed reproduction and obtaining high gross grain yield, since productivity, yield of conditioned seeds, germination and 1000-grain weight at this rate was the best. The sowing dates of these varieties were early.

Virus resistance of potato genetic diversity under climate change

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
R.O. Bondus ◽  
Yu.V. Kharchenko ◽  
L. T. Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Intense Mass ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Favorable Weather

Aim. To determine the resistance of potato gene pool accessions to viruses in the southern forest-steppe of Ukraine and to select starting material for breeding. Results and Discussion. Our analysis of the climate changes for the period of 1955–2018 revealed that the unfavorable weather/climatic conditions during spring planting of tubers, as a result of which weakened plants were more easily depressed by viral infections, were the primary cause of potato cacogenesis in the southern forest-steppe of Ukraine. It was found that significant deviations from the multi-year average temperature and amount of precipitation contributed to the intense mass manifestation of symptoms of viral diseases or under favorable weather/climatic conditions, on the contrary, viral diseases were not visually detected. Studies have shown that the main factor in resistance to viral degeneration of potato varieties is the genotype, and its development and expression depend on growing conditions. It is also important to take into account emergence of new strains of viruses requiring continuous monitoring. Virus resistance of the varieties was visually determined. In order to identify viruses and study their morphology, electron microscopy, EIA and PCR were used. Conclusions. As a result of the study, sources of high field resistance to leaf-rolling, potato rugose and streak mosaics, which are valuable starting material for further practical use in breeding, as well as in scientific and educational programs, were identified.

SELECTION OF SPRING TRITICALE BREEDING LINES IN SP-2 UNDER THE MIDDLE AMUR REGION STRESS CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
K. V. Zenkina ◽  
T. А. Aseeva
Keyword(s):  
Amur Region ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

An urgent task of breeding work is the creation of new high-yielding varieties of spring triticale, adapted to the conditions of the Middle Amur region. The object of research is 160 breeding lines of spring triticale (Ukro x DalGAU 1; Ukro x Primorskaya 108; Ukro x Lana; Ukro x Erythrospermum). As a result of the research, a significant influence of weather factors of the environment on the realization of the potential productivity of breeding lines of triticale in SP-2 was established, the share of the contribution "environment" was 77 %. Under stressful growing conditions, two early ripening varieties of triticale were identified – 128 (Ukro x Primorskaya 108) and 219 (Ukro x Erythrospermum). Numbers 104 (Ukro x Lana), 205 (Ukro x Lana), 206 (Ukro x Lana) were characterized by high resistance to Fusarium spike. The average yield of the selection lines of triticale in SP-2 was 2.8 t/ha, in the standard varieties of triticale Ukro and wheat Khabarovchanka – 2.4 t/ha. For the effective selection of promising genotypes, the differentiation of breeding lines of spring triticale by yield and its structural elements was carried out using the methods of multivariate statistical analysis (cluster analysis). As a result of the research, the studied triticale lines were grouped into 4 clusters according to the criterion of the greatest similarity: cluster I – 33 samples, cluster II and III – 24 nomers, cluster IV – 79 selection lines. Samples of the second cluster (Ukro x DalGAU 1 – 102, 116, 115, 119, 120, 103, 104, 106, 109, 117; Ukro x Lana – 178, 181, 185, 188, 182; Ukro x Primorskaya 108 – 122, 123; Ukro x Erythrospermum – 258, 218, 212, 237, 223, 224, 230) are distinguished by the maximum values ​​of the main economically valuable indicators of productivity in the complex hydrothermal conditions of the Middle Amur region.

Functional state of the new sweet cherry (Cerasus avium L.) cultivars trees leaves photosynthetic apparatus in the Ukraine’s Lisosteppe

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
V.I. Vasylenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Moiseichenko ◽  
O.I. Kytaiev ◽  
V.V. Grusha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Kinetics Of

The authors present the results of studying the adaptation processes of the sweet cherry cultivars to the soil and climatic conditions of the region. The adaptation makes it possible to select the best cvs. The kinetics of the changes in the chlorophyll induction fluorescence was measured on the leaves of the trees of the 10 sweet cherry introduced varieties using the instrument Floratest. The control cultivar was Nizhnist, as high adapted to the environmental conditions despite the young trees age the significant potential productivity of cv Pikovaia Dama has been established. The plateau coefficient has appeared not to exceed the threshold level (0.45), that is a sign of the viral infection absence in the trees. The correlation was also established between the efficiency coefficient of the electronic transport and productivity at a level of 0.53. That indicates the evident influence the of leaf chloroplasts functioning intensity and the sweet cherry plants productivity. The results of the three-year study characterize sweet cherry as one of the adapted crops to the growing conditions. As a result, the best in comparison with the control variety Tenderness were highlighted by the Balovnitsa, Viesiennie Napievy and Pikovaia Dama have been selected as the best cultivars in comparison with control cv Nizhnist.

scholarly journals Developing efficient practices for producing bioethanol from sweet sorghum, evaluating several varieties of the plant and growing environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Florin Nenciu ◽  
Valentin Vlăduț ◽  
Gabriel Nae ◽  
Lorena-Diana Popa ◽  
Oana Emilia Constantin
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Productivity Potential

The challenges we face today envisaging environmental protection, starting from global warming and climate change, up to natural resources depletion, creates opportunities for developing new technologies for biofuel production. Considering that most biofuels used at the moment are based on energy-intensive crops, the question arises whether occupying large areas of land to the detriment of food is justified or not, especially as these crops generally deplete the soil of nutrients. In the present paper we propose a different approach for assessing an easily adaptable energy plant named Sweet Sorghum, that can grow with low input requirements, in difficult growing conditions, on contaminated or poor-nutrient and dry soils, and yet having a high productivity potential. Our research directions are targeted towards identifying the best opportunities for producing bioethanol from Sweet sorghum testing different varieties and sustainable planting conditions. We have been established several experimental cultures and evaluated the potential for producing biofuels using different techniques, such as juice extraction and fermentation and lignocellulose processing.

RESISTANCE TO MILDEW OF SELECTION FAMILY OF RED CURRANT THE BELAYA POTAPENKO × № 1426-21-80

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
O. O. Kalinina ◽  
O. D. Golyaeva ◽  
O. V. Panfilova ◽  
А. V. Pikunova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
The Family ◽  
Red Currant

Powdery mildew is one of the most harmful fungal diseases that causes economically significant damage to berry plantations. The disease is common in all areas of currant cultivation in the Russian Federation. In this regard, in modern conditions of intensive berry growing, the problem of breeding cultivars that are highly resistant to diseases and pests becomes urgent. Breeders have a difficult task to combine the adaptive potential of the cultivar with its annual high productivity and resistance to biotic environmental factors. When studying the adaptability of introduced cultivars of red currant and selected forms of the Institute to local soil and climate conditions, the following cultivars were identified as sources of economic and useful characteristics and involved in selection: ‘Belaya Potapenko’ as a complex source of resistance powdery mildew and high marketable and taste qualities of berries; SS 1426-21-80 as a source of high productivity and long racemes (raceme length 11-13 cm; up to 20 berries in the raceme). On their base the selection family of red currant has been developed: Belaya Potapenko × ♂SS 1426-21-80. The study of data on the destruction of hybrid seedlings of the selection family by powdery mildew showed that in epiphytotic conditions, the percentage of intensity of the disease development varies over the periods of screening from 0.2% in May to 20.4% in June. Such indicators served as a prerequisite for conducting a comparative test of breeding material in the field under artificial infection with powdery mildew. After artificial infection on the background of epiphytosis, the rate of intensity of the disease development increased slightly and amounted to 35.6% for the family. There were 30 highly resistant seedlings in the family, 10 of which have remained stable and highly resistant since 2018. In these plants we can assume the presence of the so-called field resistance, controlled by polygens, each of which does not give a visible effect of stability, but with different combinations determines one or another of its degree. Highly resistant seedlings will be used in further breeding studies to identify new sources of resistance to powdery mildew.

FEATURES OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ANCIENT AND MODERN VARIETIES OF WINTER RYE

1970 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
A. A. Torop ◽  
V. V. Chaykin ◽  
E. A. Torop ◽  
I. S. Brailova ◽  
S. A. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Productivity Potential

We compared peculiarities of the production process of the older and modern(created 80 years after) sorts of winter rye. It is determined that the specific coenotic productivity of a modern sort is 60.6% higher.This increase is due to higher number of productive sprouts per unit area and higher sprout weight. The coenosis of modern sorts is highly resistant to lodging. The modern sort has a 33.5% higher leaf surface index and a 17.7% higher share of the leaves in the upper tier, differing in their erectile orientation in space. As for the content of total chlorophyll in the dry matter of leaves and vagina, the modern sort is inferior to the older by 30.2%during theearing period, and by 17.5%during the milky-wax ripeness period.As for the content of total chlorophyll in the sowing area, the compared sorts were practically the same, but the ratio between chlorophyll a and c was noticeably different. As for the chlorophyll content in stems, in dry matter and in the area of ​​sowing, the modern sort is inferior by1.5 times and more to the older in both observation terms. The sorts differed in the biomass accumulation and its distribution between the parts during the vegetation period. To establish the ear productivity, the older sort used only the current photosynthesis products.In conditions of an unfavorable growth year, the modern sort used previously accumulated by leaves and re-utilized assimilates. The actual and potential productivity of an ear in a modern sort is higher by 77.4 and 68.0%, respectively, but the degree of its vegetative mass supply is lower by 48.6%.Only due to the higher, by 77.4%, utilization of the mass of the sprout, the modern sort binds a greater number of grains in the ear with a higherseparate mass.Since the sharp increase in the ear productivity potential was not accompanied by the same growth of the sprout vegetative mass, the modern sort, in unfavorable conditions for growth, has tensions in the relation system between the sprout vegetative mass and pouring grain. This may be the reason of the unstable achievedyield level.

The use of natural conditions of the high alpine province of Dagestan for reproduction of prospective varieties and hybrids of potato

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
В.К. Сердеров ◽  
Д.В. Сердерова
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Caspian Lowland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mountain Province

Большое значение в увеличении продуктивности картофеля имеет внедрение в производство перспективных высокоурожайных сортов и гибридов, приспособленных к местным природно-климатическим условиям возделывания, от чего зависят эффективность отрасли и себестоимость продукции. Цель работы – изучить влияние климатических условий на продуктивность и качественные показатели сортов и гибридов картофеля, а также использование ими благоприятных почвенно-климатических условий высокогорья Республики Дагестан, для размножения и внедрения в производство новых перспективных, высокоурожайных, приспособленных к условиям среды выращивания сортов картофеля с комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Объектом изучения послужили сорта картофеля раннего, среднераннего и среднего сроков созревания российской, белорусской и иностранной селекции. Полевые опыты закладывали в 2014–2017 годах на высоте 2000–2200 м, на землях горного опорного пункта «Курахский» Курахского района и на равнинной провинции (Прикаспийской низменности) на территории дачного массива «Наука» Махачкалинского района Республики Дагестан. Схема посадки – 70×30 см, повторность – четырехкратная. Технология выращивания картофеля – гребневая. При проведении полевых опытов использовали общепринятые методики. Практически все сорта картофеля, выращенные на равнинной провинции, сформировали высокий урожай в первый год и при дальнейшем размножении в результате развития вирусных болезней резко снизили свои продуктивные качества. Наиболее высокая урожайность в среднем за три года отмечена у сортов Жуковский ранний (20,8 т/га), Импала (20,5 т/га), Невский (17,8 т/га), Предгорный (16,9 т/га) и Удача (16,3 т/га). В свою очередь, горная провинция Дагестана характеризовалась благоприятными почвенно-климатическими условиями для возделывания как продовольственного картофеля, так и для организации первичного семеноводства на безвирусной основе и размножения перспективных сортов этой культуры. В среднем за годы исследований в горной провинции по урожайности выделились сорта Сильвана (37,4 т/га), Удача (37,6 т/га), Рокко (33,3 т/га), Импала (31,7 т/га), Жуковский ранний (29,0 т/га), Предгорный (27,7 т/га) и Примобелла (27,7 т/га), а также гибриды № 12.40/17 (43,1 т/га) и № 13.61/61 (38,8 т/га). The introduction of promising high-yielding varieties and hybrids adapted to the local natural and climatic conditions of cultivation is of great importance in increasing the productivity of potatoes, which determines the efficiency of the industry and the cost of production. The aim of the work is to study the influence of climatic conditions on the productivity and quality indicators of potato varieties and hybrids, as well as their use of favorable soil and climatic conditions in the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan, for breeding and introducing into production new promising, high-yielding, adapted to the growing environment of potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics. The object of the study was potato varieties of early, mid-early and medium maturation periods of Russian, Belarusian and foreign selection. Field experiments were conducted in 2014–2017 at an altitude of 2000–2200 m, on the lands of the mountain stronghold Kurakhsky of the Kukhar district and on the plain province (the Caspian lowland) on the territory of the suburban area Nauka of the Makhachkala district of the Republic of Dagestan. The landing scheme is 70×30 cm, the repeatability is four times. The technology of growing potatoes is combed. When conducting field experiments, generally accepted methods were used. Almost all potato varieties grown in the lowland province formed a high yield in the first year and, with further propagation, as a result of the development of viral diseases, sharply reduced their productive qualities. The highest yield on average for three years was observed in the varieties Zhukovskiy ranniy (20.8 t/ha), Impala (20.5 t/ha), Nevsky (17.8 t/ha), Predgornyy (16.9 t/ha) and Udacha (16.3 t/ha). In turn, the mountain province of Dagestan was characterized by favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of both food potatoes, and for the organization of primary seed production on a virus-free basis and the reproduction of promising varieties of this crop. On average, over the years of research in the mountain province, the varieties Silvana (37.4 t/ha), Udacha (37.6 t/ha), Rocco (33.3 t/ha), Impala (31.7 t/ha), Zhukovskiy ranniy (29.0 t/ha), Predgornyy (27.7 t/ha) and Primobella (27.7 t/ha), as well as hybrids No.12.40/17 (43.1 t/ha) and No.13.61/61 (38.8 t/ha) were distinguished by yield.

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