Safety of premises with cumulative hazards of emitted airborne substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Anatoli Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Graphical Approach ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Simple Summation ◽  
Air Exchange

HVAC codes and standards mention that a cumulative effect of hazards from emitted harmful airborne substances can occur. In this case, air exchange should not be calculated based on a simple summation of contributions of those harmful substances as long as environmental safety will not be assured, what has been mathematically proven. This paper contains a numerical and graphical approach description as well as calculation of a minimally allowable supply air flow assuring safety of premises with cumulative hazards of emitted airborne substances.

Significant innovations of the foreign automobile in-dustry. Environmental safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
V.А. Grushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Effective protection of the environment is largely determined by the perfection of drives for various types of automobile wheeled vehicles, which are responsible for the emission of harmful substances into the atmospheric air and noise emission. These aspects of environmental safety are among the most important areas of research and development for specialists in the field of automotive innovation. Keywords automobile rolling stock; structures; technologies; units; research; design; manufacture; operation; environmental safety

scholarly journals Development of effective methods and means of normalizing the atmosphere of working zones of open-cast mines

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
V. Nalyvaiko ◽  
V. Konovaliuk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Open Cast ◽  
Air Exchange

The search for technical solutions for effective air exchange in the space of deep open-cast mines. Since intensive air exchange is necessary to remove and disperse harmful impurities from the open-cast mines, improvement can be achieved mainly by intensifying natural air exchange based on phase transformations of liquids in the lower atmosphere of the working zones of the open-cast mines by creating a positive or negative temperature gradient. New technical solutions are considered that provide support for the sanitary-hygienic parameters of the atmosphere of the deep open-cast mines at the normative level. The formation of an ascending gas stream by a cascade explosion of a fuel-air mixture has the greatest efficiency. The proposed method allows for the implementation of a pulsed ventilation mode with a power of the outgoing air flow of more than 1010 W with a blasting fuel mass of 30 tons. It has been established by analytical and experimental studies that it is advisable to use pulsed fine irrigation systems to intensify air exchange in a deep open-cast mines, using the double effect, ventilating gaseous working zones and cleaning them from harmful substances with the help of a fine aerosol freely floating in space. It is also advisable to use such facilities to reduce peak loads on emissions of harmful substances from the open-cast mines into the environment and to normalize the composition of the atmosphere of the deep open-cast mines. Significant peak emissions of harmful impurities in open-cast mines include mass explosions and situations involving the creation of internal inversion zones. In a computational experiment, there are two water guns: big gun (the water jet range is 200 m, water volume per one cycle is 1000 dm3) and small gun(the water jet range is 100 m, water volume per one cycle is 200 dm3). The results of the experiment indicate greater efficiency in the use of a large water gun for airing the lower horizons of the deep open-cast mines. The use of pulsed fine irrigation systems will allow for carrying out internal technological work at a depth of more than 500 meters using a motorized ore delivery system to transfer points of cyclic-flow technology.

Improving the Environmental Safety of Locomotive-type Diesel Engines Through the Use of Hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
D.Ya. Nosyrev ◽  
V.V. Asabin ◽  
A.A. Mishkin ◽  
L.S. Kurmanova ◽  
S.A. Petukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Hydrogen Supply ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Board System ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The issue of improving the environmental safety of locomotive-type diesel engines by using hydrogen is considered. The analysis of pollutants that pose a special danger to the atmosphere. To ensure reliable operation of locomotive-type diesel engine with hydrogen supply, an on-board system has been developed. To solve environmental problems in rail transport, the article provides experimental data on the assessment of the effect of hydrogen additives on the levels of emissions of harmful substances on the example of a diesel shunting diesel locomotive ChME3.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the possibility of application of slit ventilation of a lightweight cowshed in the warm period of the year

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Darya Viktorovna Abramkina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Excess Heat ◽  
Air Exchange

The article presents a method for determining the required air exchange for the assimilation of excess heat, moisture release and carbon dioxide input from animals. The results of multivariate calculations of air flow rates at different angles of opening of gravity vent in the warm season are presented. It was found out that when performing slot ventilation with a sash opening angle of less than 5?, it is impossible to effectively remove excess heat in the room.

scholarly journals Air distribution in convex wall jets for ventilation with a constant air flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
V. Korbut ◽  
Viktor Mileikovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Wall Jets ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Working Zone ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Convex Wall ◽  
Air Exchange

The scheme of air exchange organization using air supply above a working zone by convex wall jets that interact with each other has been substantiated. This scheme is advisable in cases where it is impossible to supply air directly to the working zone. It provides optimal microclimate parameters with minimal recirculation of polluted air from the upper zone. Simulation of the air exchange organization in an exhibition hall in International Exhibition Centre in Kyiv with ventilation at a constant air volume (CAV) has been performed. The floor area is 5258 m2, the height is 19 m, the minimum outdoor air flow is 21.667 m3/s (78000 m3/h). The current design scheme of air exchange organization is zonal. General air exchange is 43.3333 m3/s (156000 m3/h). Recirculation is accepted 50 %. The air flow supplied in the upper and middle zones is, respectively, 22.5 m3/s (81000 m3/h) and 20.833 m3/s (75000 m3/h). Inlet air has temperature 291.65 K (18.5 °C). It is supplied downward by twisted jets. There are 65 Trox VDL-AHLD-E3/800/0/0/0/RAL 9010 air diffusers with a diameter of 800 mm. The proposed scheme is single-zonal using 24 diffusers PES-D-8-10/15-0,9 4 m above the floor and air removal from the upper zone. This scheme allows halving the air exchange to the minimum outdoor air without recirculation. The air temperature should be decreased by 3.3 K to 288.35 K (15.2 °С). The number of air-conditioners is decreased twice. The calculated consumption of cold decreased by 65.58 W/m2 or 29 %, the calculated consumption of heat for the second heating – by 7.17 W/m2 or 18 %. Saving of capital investments in prices of February 2020 is 792.16 UAH/m2 or 55 %, and decrease of operating costs for the cooling period is 6.61 UAH/m2 or 15 %. Thus, the system is economically beneficial from the beginning of its installation. In the future, its operation will be simulated in a mode with a variable flow rate.

scholarly journals The use of the interaction of convex wall jets for ventilation with variable air flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
V.  Korbut ◽  
V. Mileikovskyi ◽  
V. Dziubenko ◽  
I.  Sachenko
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Branch Pipe ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Wall Jets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Zone ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
Convex Wall ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Air Exchange

The most energy efficient ventilation and air-conditioning is variable air flow (VAV) depending on the needs of a room. To avoid broken air circulation by gravitational forces, the most of air diffusers should change geometrical shape and sizes using additionall automation of them. In contrast, high stability of a scheme of air exchange organization with air supply over a working zone by convex wall jets that interact with each other under conditions of variable air flow, is confirmed. This scheme is useful in cases where it is impossible to supply air directly to the working zone. Simulation of the air exchange organization in an exhibition hall of International Exhibition Centre in Kyiv with ventilation at a variable air volume (VAV) in the entire possible range of performance control has been performed. The floor area is 5258 m2, the height is 19 m. The outdoor air-flow at design conditions (100 % load) is 21.667 m3/s (78000 m3/h). The minimum load corresponds to the absence of solar radiation and only some people in the room. The minimum air-flow is 25 % of the design one. The proposal air scheme is single-zonal using 24 diffusers PES-D-8-10/15-0,9 4 m above the floor and air removal from the upper zone. The air distributor have a diameter of a cylindrical surface and an inlet branch pipe of 8 dm (800 mm). There are 10 rows of nozzles at an angle π/12 (15 °) to the horizon on each distributor. The total area of the air outlet on them is equal to 0.9 of the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipes. Due to forces of the vacuum holding of jets on the wall surfaces, the influence of gravitational forces is significantly reduced. This avoids the automation of air distribution devices to stabilize the scheme of air circulation in the room by gravitational forces. It is enough to install valves with actuators on branches of a network of air ducts. Thus, the economic benefit of the system is confirmed both at the stage of installing and during operation.

scholarly journals The problems of research of influence of ecological state of traffic zones of urban systems on public health

2013 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
L. Bey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Atmosphere Pollution ◽  
Harmful Substances

This paper examined ecological standards that regulate (control) the content of harmful substances in the vehicles exhaust gases and vehicles structure concerning environmental safety standards, it described the structure and dynamics of atmosphere pollution of Lviv urban system, it analyzed the state of health and children morbidity caused by ecological state of Lviv urban system. Key words: vehicles pollution, urban system, children morbidity.

scholarly journals Side-leakage of face mask

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. J. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Porous Material ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
The Face ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Air Exchange

Abstract Face masks are used to trap particles (or fluid drops) in a porous material (filter) in order to avoid or reduce the transfer of particles between the human lungs (or mouth and nose) and the external environment. The air exchange between the lungs and the environment is assumed to occur through the face mask filter. However, if the resistance to air flow through the filter is high some air (and accompanied particles) will leak through the filter-skin interface. In this paper I will present a model study of the side-leakage problem. Graphicabstract

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Air Exchange Effectiveness of Push-Pull Ventilation Devices

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5817
Author(s):  
Sven Auerswald ◽  
Carina Hörberg ◽  
Thibault Pflug ◽  
Jens Pfafferott ◽  
Constanze Bongs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Decentralised Systems ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Air Exchange

The increasing installation numbers of ventilation units in residential buildings are driven by legal objectives to improve their energy efficiency. The dimensioning of a ventilation system for nearly zero energy buildings is usually based on the air flow rate desired by the clients or requested by technical regulations. However, this does not necessarily lead to a system actually able to renew the air volume of the living space effectively. In recent years decentralised systems with an alternating operation mode and fairly good energy efficiencies entered the market and following question was raised: “Does this operation mode allow an efficient air renewal?” This question can be answered experimentally by performing a tracer gas analysis. In the presented study, a total of 15 preliminary tests are carried out in a climatic chamber representing a single room equipped with two push-pull devices. The tests include summer, winter and isothermal supply air conditions since this parameter variation is missing till now for push-pull devices. Further investigations are dedicated to the effect of thermal convection due to human heat dissipation on the room air flow. In dependence on these boundary conditions, the determined air exchange efficiency varies, lagging behind the expected range 0.5 < εa < 1 in almost all cases, indicating insufficient air exchange including short-circuiting. Local air exchange values suggest inhomogeneous air renewal depending on the distance to the indoor apertures as well as the temperature gradients between in- and outdoor. The tested measurement set-up is applicable for field measurements.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of selected factors on natural greenhouse ventilation

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00036
Author(s):  
Sławomir Grabarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Thermal Screen ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
American Society ◽  
Air Exchange

In greenhouses, in order to maintain proper indoor air temperature, during the period of high values of solar radiation intensity, shading treatments using thermal screens and ventilation are applied. The research was carried out in a mono-span greenhouse in order to determine the effectiveness of natural ventilation. The object of analysis is a greenhouse with a thermal screen installed inside. The tests were carried out during the summer days. The effect of the research was to determine the ventilation air flow through the vents of the greenhouse on the basis of measurements and calculation analyzes. The dependence of the air flow on the windward and leeward side was determined from the wind speed and the temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor air. On the basis of calculations made from observation during shading of the cultivated area and with open ventilators, the coefficients of air exchange per unit floor area of the greenhouse were determined. It was established that at a wind speed exceeding 0.8 m/s, the air exchange rate in the tested greenhouse exceeds the value recommended by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers of 0.04 m3/(s.m2).

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