Pearl Millet: boon in mineral deficiency: A review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh P. Datir ◽  
Shaikh Adil ◽  
Amol S. Sahare
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Zinc And Other Minerals

Mineral deficiency can be defined as a condition that caused due to reduced level of any of the minerals essential to human health. Low mineral concentration may impair a function dependent on that mineral in a body. Minerals support normal growth and development through various biochemical reactions. Its deficiencies can lead to a variety of health problems, such as fatigue, weak bones or a low immunity and other disorders. A large section of today’s population is suffering from micronutrient deficiencies caused largely by deficiency of vitamins and minerals. Iron and Zinc deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world, and is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Widespread malnutrition specially among children is of great concern as it affects child growth, cognitive development and resistance to infection. Malnutrition due to mineral deficiency is a great concern in India as large number of children are suffering mineral deficiency due to insufficient mineral rich diet. Pearl Millets is important cereal crop and provides various minerals which are required for the wellbeing of a human body. It is enriched with Iron, Zinc and other minerals and its inclusion in diet through various food products could be useful in battling mineral deficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of Traditional Household Processes on Iron, Zinc and Copper Bioaccessibility in Black Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Feitosa ◽  
Ralf Greiner ◽  
Ann-Katrin Meinhardt ◽  
Alexandra Müller ◽  
Deusdélia T. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Micronutrient deficiencies are a major public health problem. Beans are an important plant-based source of iron, zinc and copper, but their absorption is reduced in the presence of anti-nutrients such as phytates, polyphenols and tannins. Soaking and discarding the soaking water before cooking is unanimously recommended, but this can result in mineral loss. Data on the consequences for mineral bioaccessibility is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate iron, zinc and copper bioaccessibility in black beans cooked (regular pan, pressure cooker) with and without the soaking water. Minerals were quantified by ICP-MS, myo-inositol phosphates (InsP5, InsP6) by HPLC ion-pair chromatography, total polyphenols using Folin-Denis reagent and condensed tannins using Vanillin assay. Mineral bioaccessibility was determined by in vitro digestion and dialysis. All treatments resulted in a statistically significant reduction of total polyphenols (30%) and condensed tannins (20%). Only when discarding the soaking water a loss of iron (6%) and copper (30%) was observed, and InsP6 was slightly decreased (7%) in one treatment. Bioaccessibility of iron and zinc were low (about 0.2% iron and 35% zinc), but copper presented high bioaccessibility (about 70%). Cooking beans under pressure without discarding the soaking water resulted in the highest bioaccessibility levels among all household procedures. Discarding the soaking water before cooking did not improve the nutritional quality of the beans.

scholarly journals The role of iron and zinc in cognitive development of children

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Md Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Ruhina Binta A Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Frequent Consumption

The effects of iron and zinc on cognitive, motor and behavioral development are on children is scientifically accepted and concentrates on the more recent work, some previous work and areas of controversy. There are well established associations with poor development and iron and zinc deficiency in food source but the deficiencies usually occur in disadvantaged circumstances and establishing causal relationships is not easy. The health and well being of children depend upon the interaction between their genetic potential and exogenous factors like adequacy of nutrition, safety of the environment, social interaction and other childhood activity. Both proteins-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies increase the risk of death from common diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, pneumonia and measles. Iron deficiency anemia, for example, is estimated to affect almost 25% of the world’s population resulting in high economic cost by adding to the burden on health care services, affecting learning in school. Dietary practices frequently seen in children from both developed and developing countries, leading to frequent consumption of nutrient poor foods, may also put them at risk of micronutrient deficiencies.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 145-151

scholarly journals Food allergy: knowledge level of food handlers at school canteens

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Liz Martins ◽  
I Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Level ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
High Knowledge

Abstract Background Food allergy becomes a public health problem whose prevalence in children is increasing. Due to the daily number of children using school canteens, these settings play an important role on allergic reactions prevention, being essential to know the knowledge level of food handlers. Methods This study focused on Portuguese schools of the city of Porto, that daily offer 6500 lunches to children aged 3 to 10 years old. The study was performed in all school canteens having children with food allergies (n = 25). To evaluate knowledge level on food allergy, a questionnaire was applied to all food handlers responsible for meals serving, considering hot topics related to food allergy and cross contamination practices. Each question was scored: 0 (lack); 1 (correct); -1 (incorrect), ranged 0 to 20 points. The knowledge level was converted in a 4-level scale: <50% (non-acceptable); 50-74% (acceptable); 75-89% (good); 90-100% (very good). Results Despite of 44.9% of food handlers presented a good level knowledge, it was observed that 38.8% of participants showed non-acceptable values. The knowledge mean level was 11.9 (±4.1) points. A high knowledge was observed for cooks (13.8±3.0) and canteen managers (20.0±0.0) (p = 0.006), as well as, for a high school level. Only 36.7% of participants had training on food allergy, with no influence on knowledge level (0.610). Participants having training on food safety has a higher knowledge level (13.0±3.9) than food handlers having no training (9.8±3.7) (p = 0.008). The majority of respondents showed to know food handling good practices when exposed to case studies related to food allergy. Conclusions A positive level of knowledge on food allergies was observed for the majority of food handlers. Nevertheless, a high number of participants had no training on food allergy. This work has a potential impact on children's health, awareness for the need to implement regular training actions and surveillance systems at school canteens. Key messages A large number of food handlers showed non-acceptable knowledge levels and no training on food allergy. Professional category influenced knowledge, being important the motivation and training of all employees.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis cases in the rural areas of Pernambuco, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Santos Barbosa ◽  
Karina Conceição Araújo ◽  
Onicio Batista Leal Neto ◽  
Constança Simões Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Kernel Estimator ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence and intensity of geohelminth infections and schistosomiasis remain high in the rural areas of Zona da Mata, Pernambuco (ZMP), Brazil, where these parasites still represent a significant public health problem. The present study aimed to spatially assess the occurrences of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis in the ZMP. METHODS: The ZMP has a population of 1,132,544 inhabitants, formed by 43 municipalities. An ecological study was conducted, using secondary data relating to positive human cases and parasite loads of schistosomiasis and positive human cases of geohelminthiasis that were worked up in Excel 2007. We used the coordinates of the municipal headquarters to represent the cities which served as the unit of analysis of this study. The Kernel estimator was used to spatially analyze the data and identify distribution patterns and case densities, with analysis done in ArcGIS software. RESULTS: Spatial analysis from the Kernel intensity estimator made it possible to construct density maps showing that the northern ZMP was the region with the greatest number of children infected with parasites and the populations most intensely infected by Schistosoma mansoni. In relation to geohelminths, there was higher spatial distribution of cases of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura in the southern ZMP, and greater occurrence of hookworms in the northern/central ZMP. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several surveys and studies showing occurrences of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis in the ZMP, no preventive measures that are known to have been effective in decreasing these health hazards have yet been implemented in the endemic area.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency anaemia-an old enemy

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Anaemia has remained a widespread public health problem in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Prevalence figures vary from a low of 17% to a high of over 70% among preschool children; from 14% to 42% among adolescents and from 11% to over 40% among women of childbearing age. Although the prevalence of anaemia has often been used as a proxy indicator for iron deficiency anaemia, this approach is not valid in settings where the etiology of anaemia is complex or unknown or where other micronutrient deficiencies of folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin A can co-exist. An integrated, multifactorial and multisectoral approach has to be adopted comprising targeted interventions to provide iron supplements to especially vulnerable segments of the population, in particular pregnant women; food-based approaches to increase iron intake through food fortification and dietary diversification; and other measures combined with iron interventions where other causes of anaemia are prevalent

scholarly journals Domestic violence among pregnant women in Baghdad\Iraq 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Hiba Raad Saeed ◽  
Besmah Mohamad Ali ◽  
Jawad K. AL-Diwan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children

Background: Domestic violence against women is a public health problem that affects more than one third of all women globally. It includes any physical, sexual or emotional abuse imposed upon women within family relationships. Several studies in Iraq demonstrated that domestic violence has been increasing over the past two decades. Objective: Determine the prevalence of domestic violence against pregnant women and factors associated with it. Patients and methods: A total of 345 pregnant women were included in a cross- sectional study conducted during the period from July - November 2018. They were selected through multistage random sampling from four Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad. An Abuse Assessment Screen was used, with a known validity and reliability. Result: The overall prevalence of domestic violence was 37.1%. It was 9.0% during pregnancy. There were significant associations between domestic violence during pregnancy and the duration of marriage, husband’s age at marriage, husband’s consumption of alcohol and  the number of children. Conclusion: Pregnancy acts as a protective factor against domestic violence

scholarly journals Immunobiology of mild micronutrient deficiencies

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (S2) ◽  
pp. S75-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bhaskaram
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Nutrition is a critical determinant of the outcome of host microbe interactions through a modulation of the immune response. Besides macronutrient malnutrition, deficiencies of several macronutrients also influence immune homeostasis and thus affect infection-related morbidity and mortality. Deficiencies of micronutrients like vitamin A, iron and zinc are widely prevalent among populations living in developing countries. Besides their severe deficiencies, subclinical deficiencies are known to impair biological functions in the host, immune function being one of them. The effects of these micronutrients on various immune mechanisms are briefly reviewed in this article.

scholarly journals The Effect of Micronutrient Deficiencies on Child Growth: A Review of Results from Community-Based Supplementation Trials

2003 ◽  
Vol 133 (11) ◽  
pp. 4010S-4020S ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Rivera ◽  
Christine Hotz ◽  
Teresa González-Cossío ◽  
Lynnette Neufeld ◽  
Armando García-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Child Growth ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Community Based

Breeding for Improving Human Nutrition and Grain Quality through Biofortification of Traditional Land Races and Improved Cultivars in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
P. Savitha ◽  
R. Usha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) which belongs to the family poaceae, is the life and the prince among cereals as this unique grain helps to sustain two thirds of the world's population. India have traditionally been used or rice cultivation due to availability of water and conductive soil (Nadesa panic). Rice was grown in 155.30 million hectares and around 600 million tonnes of rice harvested each year globally. About 114 countries produce rice with China and India supporting 50 per cent of total production. India stands first in area under cultivation (41.85 mha) and ranks second in production, where as China ranks first in production with just half of the area. India's production is 89.13 million tonnes with a productivity of 2130 kg/ha. Among the rice producing states of India, Tamil Nadu ranks sixth in production (6.53 million tonnes) and second in productivity of 3918 kg/ha with an area of 20.16 lakh ha (Season and Crop Report, 2012). Local farmers in such farming systems retain the traditional varieties based on their knowledge of the quality of the rice varieties and their adaptation to varying agro-ecological situations created by diverse seasons and land situations (Tapasi das & Ashesh Kumar Das, 2014). Among the major micronutrient deficiencies common in rice consuming countries, iron and zinc deficiencies (“hidden hunger”), affect over three billion people worldwide, mostly in developing countries (Welch & Graham, 2004).

Hair Loss in Females after Sleeve Gastrectomy: Predictive Value of Serum Zinc and Iron Levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Ruiz-Tovar ◽  
Inmaculada Oller ◽  
Carolina Llavero ◽  
Lorea Zubiaga ◽  
MaríA Diez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Levels

A common complication after bariatric surgery is hair loss, which is related to rapid weight reduction, but zinc, iron, and other micronutrient deficiencies can also be involved. Little is studied after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). A prospective observational study was performed of 42 morbidly obese females undergoing LSG. Incidence of hair loss was monitored. Micronutrients were investigated preoperatively and three, six, and 12 months after surgery. Sixteen patients (41%) reported hair loss in the postoperative course. A significant association was observed between hair loss and zinc levels ( P = 0.021) but mean zinc levels were within the normal range in patients reporting hair loss. Only three patients (7.7%) presented low zinc levels, all of them reporting hair loss. There was also a significant association between iron levels and alopecia ( P = 0.017), but mean values of the patients with hair loss were within normal range. Only four patients (10.2%) presented low iron levels, all of them presenting hair loss. A variable consisting of the addition of zinc 1 iron showed a significant association with hair loss ( P = 0.013). A cutoff point was established in 115 (odds ratio, 4; P = 0.006). All the patients but two reporting hair loss presented addition levels under 115. This variable showed sensibility 88 per cent, specificity 84 per cent, positive predictive value 79 per cent, and negative predictive value 91 per cent to predict hair loss. Hair loss is a frequent condition after sleeve gastrectomy. In most cases, iron and zinc levels are within the normal range. The variable addition (zinc 1 iron) is a good predictor of hair loss. Patients with addition levels below 115 are fourfold more susceptible to present hair loss. In these cases, zinc supplements achieve the stop of hair loss in most cases.

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