scholarly journals The Dimensions Of Womens Contribution To The Workforce In Agriculture: The Turkey Case

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Gulcubuk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
The Family ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Women In Agriculture

In less developed and developing countries, women make less use of the benefits resulting from development. Women take part in every stage of production and also shoulder the difficulties of life loaded onto them by their roles within and outside the family. However, the use, distribution, and management of the income created in the family is unjust, and women do not have access to sources such as loans. Women are negatively affected by both the traditional social class structure and the inequality between the socially defined gender roles and statuses. This situation becomes more apparent for especially women who work in agriculture in rural areas. Although women’s contribution to the workforce is high due to the fact that they work as unpaid agricultural workers in rural areas, the employment of women in agriculture decreases due to the general decrease of employment in this sector. Women working in agriculture cannot continue taking part in the workforce when they leave the sector or when they move to another region. Women who do take part in the workforce, do low status work requiring no qualifications and without any job security.  This may result in women being isolated from work life as well as social life. In Turkey, where social gender roles are shaped by social factors, that is, social gender based distribution of responsibilities, women are usually considered to be responsible for housework and raising children.  To a large extent, the domestic responsibilities of women prevent them from searching for a job and joining the work force. Women are expected to first be a housewife and mother. In rural areas, women are unpaid family workers who do agricultural work as an extension of their domestic work. These features of women’s life in rural areas make it necessary to study, discuss and find solutions to the problems of women in rural areas, and to develop relevant strategies.

scholarly journals Aproximación a los enfoques de género e interseccionalidad: aprendizajes significativos en la interacción de estudiantes universitarios con una comunidad indígena del Ecuador / Approach to Gender and Intersectionality perspectives: Meaningful Learning in the Interaction of University Students with an Indigenous Community in Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Alejandra Yepez ◽  
Carolina Cedeño ◽  
Eduardo Granja ◽  
Tarquino Yacelga
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

ABSTRACTUniversidad de Las Américas (UDLA) -Quito, initiated the "Gender roles in the family environment of the El Topo Commune" project, which aims to promote equitable relationships between men and women, and prevent gender-based violence. In addition, the project seeks to expose and act on inequities and social problems of violence. The study focused on evidencing the learning and changes generated in the students as a result of training, sensitization, and interaction with the El Topo indigenous community.  In this context gender, intersectionality, and community outreach and interculturality are combined in the challenge of promoting meaningful learning (action research).RESUMENLa Universidad de las Américas (UDLA)–Quito, inició el proyecto “Roles de género en el entorno familiar de la Comuna El Topo”, cuyo objetivo es promover relaciones equitativas entre hombres y mujeres, y prevenir violencia de género.  Además, se pretende visibilizar y actuar frente a inequidades y problemáticas sociales de violencia. El estudio se enfocó en evidenciar los aprendizajes y cambios generados en las y los estudiantes a partir de la capacitación, sensibilización e interacción con la comunidad indígena El Topo. En este contexto se conjugan género, interseccionalidad, y vinculación comunitaria e interculturalidad bajo el reto de promover aprendizajes significativos (investigación-acción).

COST-BENEFIT RATIO OF RAISING CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-927
Author(s):  
Martin Harris
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Aging Parents ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wage Earners

"...the motivation to restrict fertility is essentially a question of the balance between the benefits and costs of parenthood. With industrialization, the cost of rearing children increases—especially after the introduction of child labor laws and compulsory education statutes—because the skills which a child must acquire in order to earn a living and be of benefit to its parents take longer to learn. At the same time, the whole context and manner in which people earn their livings becomes transformed. The family ceases to be the locus of any significant form of production activity (other than that of cooking meals and begetting children). Work is no longer something done by family members in or near the family or business. Rather, it is something done at an office, store, or factory in the company of other people's family members. Hence the return flow of benefits from rearing children hinges more and more on their economic success as wage earners and their willingness to help out in the medical and financial crises that parents can expect in their waning years. The availability of painless contraception and the altered structure of economic tasks—the contraception revolution and the job revolution—provide the key to many puzzling aspects of contemporary social life. Longer life spans and spiraling medical costs make it increasingly unrealistic to expect children to give comfort and security to their aging parents. Thus we are in the process of substituting old-age and medical insurance programs for the preindustrial system in which children took care of their aged parents.

scholarly journals Kobiety na szwedzkim rynku pracy - uwarunkowania wysokiej aktywności zawodowej i wyzwania na przyszłość

2015 ◽  
pp. 193-225
Author(s):  
Hanna Kądziela
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Employment Of Women

For many years Sweden remained a world leader in the employment of women, regardless of their age and responsibilities associated with raising children or caring for the elderly. This article analyses three groups of factors that influence the effectiveness of the Swedish policy in this regard: 1) strategic, i.e. the consistent and coherent policy on equal opportunities for women and men and the reconciliation of work and private life, 2) cultural attitudes and preferences that shape the behaviour of individuals in the family and on the labour market, and 3) institutional, particularly care of dependent persons. The picture would be incomplete, however, without looking at the problems remaining to be solved in such areas as high proportion of women in part-time work, the pay gap or insufficient interest of men in using parental leave.

scholarly journals Religious and Cultural Manipulation of Gender Roles in The Bull and the She Devil by Zeb Un Nisa Hameedullah

rahatulquloob ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Dr. Amna Saeed ◽  
Azan Khalid ◽  
Dr. Syed Shuja'at Ali
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Mirror Stage ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
The Family

This paper attempts to study the exploitation of women that takes place in the rural areas of Pakistan in the name of cultural and religious norms. Its main focus is to do analysis of Zeb Un Nisa Hameedullah’s short story titled The Bull and the She Devil under the Lacanian psychoanalytic model delimited to the Mirror stage. The Mirror stage speculates that an individual recognizes himself in the mirror literally and figuratively. In the short story, Ghulam Qadir, the main character, sees himself in the mirror of his newlywed wife and recognizes his weakness. He projects his weaknesses that mainly surface up after his marriage. He does not realize his own shortcomings; rather he puts the entire blame of his failures upon his wife, Shirin, who is committed to her, and does not resist to him like a typical rural woman of Pakistan. The setting of the story locates the rural area of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Ghulam Qadir gives different labels to her and one of the harsh label he uses against Shirin is Devil. This term reveals the psyche of Ghulam Qadir who conceives his wife as a sign of bad happenings, murders her, and commits suicide in the end. The very term, foremost, reflects the inmost of the Pakistani rural men who hold absolute power in the family and misuse the religious and cultural norms just in order to extend their long established hierarchical structure where woman is mere a subject to them. This study reveals that males of the rural areas of Pakistan express their psychological frustration over women and allege them by taking refuge under the umbrella of religion.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF FAMILIES RAISING CHILDREN WITH HIV-POSITIVE STATUS

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasilevna LEVCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Infected Child ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
The Family

We consider the theoretical foundations of structural and functional model aimed at providing social and pedagogical support to families raising children with HIV-positive status. Modern statistical materials confirming the relevance of the problem are analyzed, in connection with which it is obvious that the number of infected people and, as a consequence, their problems of various nature: medical, legal, psychological, social, pedagogical. It is concluded that the diagnosis of HIV infection has a greater impact on the change in social status and has gender differences. An important aspect of the proposed work is the statement of the fact that the support of families raising an HIV-infected child remains one of the important problems of modern Russia. Analyzing the causes of the existing problems of the named category of families, we consider as the primary the low level of knowledge about the disease, methods of infection and protection measures, which, as a result, reduces the level of their social activity. The main content is focused on the description of the structural and functional model of social and pedagogical support for families raising a child with HIV-positive status and involving such components as target, conceptual, content-technological and effective. We present a detailed review of each component. The basic approaches to solving the problem are analyzed, among which the personal-social-activity approach is defined as the main one, which is connected with the need to integrate the educational effects of the environment on the individual in the process of activity. A crucial part is to identify the key principles on the basis of which social and pedagogical support for families raising an HIV-infected child is based. We considers such principles as consistency, complexity, variability and flexibility of social and pedagogical interaction, individual orientation. Their detailed content is presented. Determining the content of direct activities with the family, we insist on the use of various support strategies, which provides a basis for the rational use of the entire depth of social resources. Paying special attention to the level of subjectivity of the family, we determine its criteria and divides them into three groups. Such classification is necessary not only for scientific purposes, but has a high practical significance for specialists, volunteers and representatives of public organizations that provide social and pedagogical support for these categories of families. The support strategies are aimed at organizing evidence-based, competent social and pedagogical support for families raising children with HIV-positive status, ensuring their active participation in social life, the implementation of their social and personal needs, protection of rights and interests.

scholarly journals Gender Violence between Couples & Mediation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaíma Águila Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

Gender violence is a sociocultural and historical phenomenon that affects millions of people in the world and the victims can be women or men, although women prevail. Gender-based violence between couples is one of the types most studied due to the impact they have on the family and on the development of children. The cycle of gender violence suggests that mediation is not an effective tool in the secondary prevention of gender violence between couples through the resolution of their conflicts. The nature of gender-based violence demonstrates that behaviors and behaviors are learned, as well as gender roles and stereotypes. In the process of deconstruction of these learnings and in the construction of others, the mediation process is of vital utility.

Child Diagnosis of Autism - How It Can Change the Family Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Maria Stănescu
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Child Behaviors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Child Diagnosis ◽  
The Family

The article is about the role of the family in the education and formation of children and, especially, in the life and development of autistic children. It describes the problems their family is facing and the need for counseling to parents with autistic children. The reaction to finding the diagnosis of autism varies from one family to another and may encounter a large variety: from disbelief, anger, guilt, helplessness, devastation, surprise, or even rejection of the child, to understanding and relief when finally the parents have an explanation for their child behaviors. Early intervention is important in psychological sustaining of the parent, as parent involvement in the recovery of the child with autism has a determinant role in his development and in ensuring a high quality of life of the child and the life of the hole family. The response to a child's autism diagnosis varies from one family to another. The family goes through a variety of disbelief, anger, guilt, helplessness, devastation, surprise, or even rejection of the child, to understanding and relief. Early intervention is very important in the psychological support of the parent. Because any change disturbs the family equilibrium. A diagnosis of autism changes not only the life of the diagnosed child, but also the life of family members. All the resources are focused on the need of the child. Although each parent is different, after diagnosing the child with autism, all parents are overwhelmed by confusion, shock and denial. Parents' feelings can be influenced by how their children's situation affects different aspects of life - it has an impact on service, on social life and all their personal life. If we look at the family as a system and when a disturbing factor appears, all parts of the system are affected. The involvement of parents in the recovery of the child with autism has a decisive role in its development and in ensuring a high quality of child's life and family life.

Konsep Orang Tua Yang Durhaka Dalam Perspektif Islam

AKADEMIKA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Siti Suwaibatul Aslamiyah
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
Good Person ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Expectant Mothers

Many are peeling many of wich explore the child’s ungodly behavior to parents, but few who explore the opposite phenomenon of the ungodly behavior of parents against their children. Children is a grace from God of Allah swt to his parents to be grateful, educated and fostered to be a good person, strong personality and ethical Islamic. While, the development of religion in children is largely determined by the education and their experience, especially during the pre-election period of expectant mothers and fathers and the first growth period from 0 to 12 years. For that, the author is moved to explore and examine (about) the concept of elderly parents in the perspective of Islam. This is the author thoroughly to know who exactly the child in his existence according to Islam? What is the rule and rule of education in family and family roles in children’s education? What are the preparations (actions) that are classified as the ungodly behavior of parens against the child? In this study shows there is an effect (impact) between the family environment (parents) on the formation of islamic character and ethics in children from an early age mainly from the factors of prospective fathers and prospective mothers so the authors get the correlation that the failure of good personality planting in early childhood will turn out to form a problematic person in his adulthood (his grow up). While the success of parents guiding their children will determine the formation of character and their morals so that the family environment conditions are crucial for the success of children in social life in their adult life later (after grow up).  In this study resulted in the conclusion that there are some things that make the parents become ungodly against their children and it has been conceptualized in the holy book of the Qur’an which at least in this study collected there are 14 components of eldery behavior of the lawless to their children.

EVERYDAY PRACTICE OF MOTHERS IN A PROVINCIAL SOVIET CITY IN THE 1950–60S

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogdashina
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
The Real ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

The article reveals the measures undertaken by the Soviet state during the “thaw” in the fi eld of reproductive behaviour, the protection of motherhood and childhood. Compilations, manuals and magazines intended for women were the most important regulators of behaviour, determining acceptable norms and rules. Materials from sources of personal origin and oral history make it possible to clearly demonstrate the real feelings of women. The study of women’s everyday and daily life in the aspect related to pregnancy planning, bearing and raising children will allow us to compare the real situation and the course of implementation of tasks in the fi eld of maternal and child health. The demographic surge in the conditions of the economy reviving after the war, the lack of preschool institutions, as well as the low material wealth of most families, forced women to adapt to the situation. In the conditions of combining the roles of mother, wife and female worker, women entrusted themselves with almost overwork, which affected the health and well-being of the family. The procedure for legalising abortion gave women not only the right to decide the issue of motherhood themselves, but also made open the already necessary, but harmful to health, habitual way of birth control. Maternal care in diffi cult material and housing conditions became the concern of women and the older generation, who helped young women to combine the role of a working mother, which the country’s leadership confi dently assigned to women.

Socio-Economic Profile of Labour Households in Rural Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 306-311
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Average Condition ◽  
Economic Profile

The present paper is an attempt to analyze the socio-economic profile of the labour households in rural Punjab. The study revealed that majority of rural labour households belonged to the scheduled caste category. As far as the distribution of sampled rural labour households according to the family type was concerned, it was found that 46.42 percent of the total rural labour households had nuclear families, while the remaining 53.58 percent have joint families. Majority of the rural labourers were living in semi-pucca houses. Further, if we look at the housing condition, 54.72 percent of rural labourers owned the houses of average condition, 40.19 percent owned good condition households and 5.09percent owned dilapidated houses. The analysis further showed that as many as 20.35percentof the sampled labour population was illiterate. A few persons from sampled labour households educated above matric. Although large majority of the sampled labour population were from the working-age group yet the ratio of dependents was high among rural labour households. This was due to lower employment opportunities in rural areas.

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