scholarly journals Study of Kidney Repair Mechanism of Cassava Leaf Extract on Gentamicin induced Nephrotoxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rena Normasari ◽  
Rosita Dewi ◽  
Sheilla Rachmania
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Repair Mechanism ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cassava Leaves

Drugs consumption like gentamicin caused damage and decreased of kidney function. Cassava leaf contain lots of micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin A and carotenoids, which also as an antioxidant. The results of the study conducted by Almashuri proved that cassava leaf have high levels of carotenoid compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cassava leaf extract on the repairment of renal damage in mice in vivo. This research is true experimental using mice (mus musculus) and were grouped into 5 groups. Two control groups (positive and negative) and 3 treatment groups (cassava leaves 150, 300, and 450 mg / day). Gentamicin is given every day for 14 days and then observed on serum levels of creatinine along with histopathological scores of kidneys’ damage. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in serum levels of creatinine (P <0.05) and a significant decrease in renal histopathologic score. This study suggests that cassava leaf extract can repair kidney damage as a result gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.Keywords: cassava leaf extract, creatinin, kidney histopathology

scholarly journals ComparativeIn VivoEfficacies of Epithelial Lining Fluid Exposures of Tedizolid, Linezolid, and Vancomycin for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Mouse Pneumonia Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2342-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela R. Tessier ◽  
Rebecca A. Keel ◽  
Mao Hagihara ◽  
Jared L. Crandon ◽  
David P. Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Density ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups

ABSTRACTThe antibacterial efficacies of tedizolid phosphate (TZD), linezolid, and vancomycin regimens simulating human exposures at the infection site against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) were compared in anin vivomouse pneumonia model. Immunocompetent BALB/c mice were orally inoculated with one of three strains of MRSA and subsequently administered 20 mg/kg TZD every 24 hours (q24h), 120 mg/kg linezolid q12h, or 25 mg/kg vancomycin q12h over 24 h. These regimens produced epithelial lining fluid exposures comparable to human exposures observed following intravenous regimens of 200 mg TZD q24h, 600 mg linezolid q12h, and 1 g vancomycin q12h. The differences in CFU after 24 h of treatment were compared between control and treatment groups. Vehicle-dosed control groups increased in bacterial density an average of 1.1 logs. All treatments reduced the bacterial density at 24 h with an average of 1.2, 1.6, and 0.1 logs for TZD, linezolid, and vancomycin, respectively. The efficacy of TZD versus linezolid regimens against the three MRSA isolates was not statistically different (P> 0.05), although both treatments were significantly different from controls. In contrast, the vancomycin regimen was significantly different from TZD against one MRSA isolate and from linezolid against all isolates. The vancomycin regimen was less protective than either the TZD or linezolid regimens, with overall survival of 61.1% versus 94.7% or 89.5%, respectively. At human simulated exposures to epithelial lining fluid, vancomycin resulted in minimal reductions in bacterial counts and higher mortality compared to those of either TZD or linezolid. TZD and linezolid showed similar efficacies in this MRSA pneumonia model.

Evaluation of hepatotoxicity effect of methanol leave extract of Gongronema latifolium in Albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 014-022
Author(s):  
Omodamiro O.D. ◽  
Alaebo P.O. ◽  
Olukotun B.G. ◽  
Chikezie P.C.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

Gongronema latifolium is highly medicinal in nature. The fundamental ingredients used for medicinal purposes are stored in the various parts of the plant such as the fruits, seeds, leaves, root and stem. This present study is aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity effect of methanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium on albino rats. This study was divided into five groups normal control groups: received commercial rat feed and water, group 2: received 1000 mg/kg b.w. of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium, group 3: received 500 mg/kg b.w of leaf extract of G. latifolium, group 4; received 250 mg/kg of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium, and group 5: received 125mg/kg of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium. The result shows a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and conjugate bilirubin when compared to the normal control not giving the extract. Administration graded dosage of 1000mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight significantly (p<0.05) increased the liver damage marker enzymes when compared with groups that received low dosage of 250mg/kg and 125mg/kg body weight and the normal control groups. The histopathological study revealed severe portal inflammation without steatosis and moderate portal inflammation in groups that received 1000mg/kg and 500mg/kg. Therefore, these results suggested that methanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium possess hepatotoxic properties and strict caution must be observed when using the plant extract as a natural remedy of any disease.

scholarly journals In vivo Anthelminthic Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Senna italica on Rats with Hymenolepis diminuta Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Aliyu Mahmuda ◽  
Mansur Sani ◽  
Tukur Adamu ◽  
Aminu Sanda ◽  
Lauwali Galadima Gobir
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

In spite of the effectiveness of most anthelmintic agents in use, there is still need to identify more due to their unwanted side effects. Hence, the need to develop more that can be safe for all, cheap and available even in our localities. In the light of the current need for the use of traditional plants in the treatment of parasitic diseases, we have assessed the anthelmintic effect of Senna italica and aimed to investigate the therapeutic activity on Hymenolepis diminuta infection. We described in vivo studies evaluating the anthelmintic effects of the leaf extract at different concentrations in a murine infection model. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract has shown the chemical components available in the compound. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean egg/gram (EPG) in one of the treatment groups which was observed to be similar to that of the treatment using conventional anthelmintic agent (Albendazole). A fluctuating but insignificant faecal worm-egg count was observed in the other experimental groups. The results obtained suggest a likelihood of its future use as an anthelmintic agent. Our next plan is to establish animal experiments with different types of helminth infection in order to have the full anthelmintic coverage by the agent, hopefully, before it will be validated for use as a human therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals The Larvacidal Activity of Moringa aloifera Extract Leaf to The Larva’s Aedes aegypti Mortality

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ratna Mustika Yasi ◽  
Restiani Sih Harsanti
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Controls

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by Dengue virus. The disease is spread rapidly in the territory of Indonesia by Aedes aegypti mosquito as the vector. Using Moringa Aloifera leaf extract as a natural larvacide is an attempt to control the disease. This study aims to determine the effect of Moringa Aloifera leaf extract on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. Moringa Aloifera leaf extract is obtained by maceration. The experimental design was divided into negative control groups containing aquades, positive controls containing abate and sample treatment groups. Phytochemical test and UV-Vis spectroscopic quantitative test to identify active compounds. A total of 20 Aedes aegypti larvae were put into a glass containing a solution of distilled water, abate solution and sample solution. Observations are made every 2 hours for 24 hours. The results showed that Moringa leaf extract solution could kill larvae at LC50 3953.17 ppm and LT50 18.98 hours. The mortality rates of larvae at each concentration were 1000 ppm, 5.25 units / 2 hours; 2000ppm, 5.28 units / 2 hours; 3000ppm, 5.91 units / 2 hours; 4000 ppm, 7.18 units / 2 hours, and 5000 ppm 8.63 units / 2 hours. The results showed that Moringa Aloifera leaf extract can kill Aedes aegypti larvae because they contain alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids.Keywords: larvacide, Moringa, Aedes aegypti larvae

scholarly journals Effect of Adjuvant Vitamin C on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Improvement of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Andi Jayalangkara Tanra ◽  
Herwina Sabaruddin ◽  
Kristian Liaury ◽  
Andi Alfian Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of adjuvant Vitamin C on brain-derived neurotropic factors (BDNF) levels and improvement of negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. METHODS: This study was conducted at Hasanuddin University Hospital and its affiliate with 60 schizophrenic patients (30 controls, 27 treatments, and three dropout patients). The ELISA sample examination method was used to examine blood levels of BDNF, and Vitamin C levels before and after administration of Vitamin C. In addition, the negative symptoms were measured using the PANSS score. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in BDNF levels in treatments group compared the control at 4th–8th weeks with p = 0.005 (4th week) and ≤0.0001 (<0.05) (8th week). The improvement in PANSS scores for negative symptoms in the treatment groups compared to the controls at the 2nd, 4th, and 8th weeks resulted in p = 0.042 (2nd week) and <0.0001 (4th–8th weeks). Furthermore, there was an increase in serum Vitamin C levels in the treatment groups with an initial average value = 4.762 and after 8 weeks = 148.155. Strong correlation between increased BDNF levels and improvement in negative symptoms on the PANSS score was found with p = 0.001 (4th week) and ≤0.0001 (8th week). CONCLUSION: The administration of Vitamin C significantly increases BDNF levels and improves the PANSS score for negative symptoms in the treatments compared to the control groups.

scholarly journals Efficacies of Sordarin Derivatives GM193663, GM211676, and GM237354 in a Murine Model of Systemic Coccidioidomycosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1874-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl V. Clemons ◽  
David A. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Fungal Protein ◽  
New Class ◽  
Fungal Protein Synthesis

ABSTRACT Sordarin derivatives (Glaxo Wellcome) are a new class of compounds that selectively inhibit fungal protein synthesis and have a broad spectrum of activity. Systemic coccidioidomycosis was established in female CD-1 mice infected with Coccidioides immitis, and therapy was begun on day 4 with either GM193663, GM211676, GM237354, fluconazole, or no treatment; compounds were given twice daily orally for 19 days at 20 or 100 mg/kg/day. The serum pharmacokinetics of the compounds were studied in uninfected mice. The MICs of GM193663, GM211676, and GM237354 for C. immitis were 1.56, 0.39, and 0.39 μg/ml, respectively, and the minimum fungicidal concentrations were 6.25, 3.13, and 0.39 μg/ml, respectively. Peak serum levels (sampled at 1 to 2 h) after a single 50-mg/kg dose were 9.8 μg/ml for GM193663, 13 μg/ml for GM211676, and 6.0 μg/ml for GM237354. No accumulation occurred after 19 days of dosing, and peak levels were lower at 3.2 μg/ml for GM193663, 4.0 μg/ml for GM211676, and <2.5 μg/ml for GM237354. We estimate that thet 1/2 for each compound in serum is <2 h. In vivo, all compounds showed dose-responsive efficacy, significantly prolonging survival over the control groups (100% lethal dose); 80 to 100% of the mice given the 100-mg/kg doses of fluconazole or a GM drug survived. All 100-mg/kg/day regimens were equivalent. At 20 mg/kg/day, GM211676 was equivalent to 100 mg of fluconazole/kg/day, indicating that GM211676 was ∼5-fold more efficacious. No mice surviving the 49 days of the experiment were free of infection. All drugs dose responsively reduced the fungal burden in the spleen, liver, and lungs, and GM237354 at 100 mg/kg/day was superior to all of the other regimens in the reduction of burden in all organs. C. immitis was susceptible both in vitro and in vivo to the GM compounds, which were found to be equivalent or superior to fluconazole. These results are encouraging, indicating that further testing in other models of fungal disease is warranted.

The Effect of External Fixator Pin Geometry and Dynamic Loading on Bone Remodelling at the Pin-Bone Interface (PBI), in an In Vivo Sheep Tibia Model

1995 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Zaruby ◽  
J. B. Finlay ◽  
A. E. Valliant ◽  
M. B. Hurtig
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Bone Interface ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pin Geometry ◽  
And Control

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to study the effects of pin design and dynamic loading on the biological response of bone at the pin-bone interface (PBI). An electro-pneumatic pin-loading device was used to mimic the forces that would be experienced by external fixator pins, during patient ambulation following repair of a fracture with external skeletal fixation. The remodelling response was assessed histologically with fluorescence microscopy of plasticembedded undecalcified pin-bone sections, and surface-stained histomorphometry.There were no significant differences between the AO Schanz and Howmedica Apex 5.0 mm diameter self-tapping pin designs when they were inserted in 4.5 mm diameter predrilled pilot holes. When pin type was controlled for, significant differences (p<0.05) existed between loaded and control groups as well as between entry (near) and exit (far) cortices. Less bone resorption was observed in the non-loaded group in comparison to the dynamically loaded group, and bone resorption in the near cortex consistently exceeded the amount of bone resorption in the far cortex for both treatment groups.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pin design and dynamic pin loading on the remodelling response of cortical bone at the pin-bone interface (PBI) of intact sheep tibiae. No significant differences were demonstrated between pin designs; however, significant differences (p<0.05) existed between loaded versus control pins, as well as between entry and exit cortices.

scholarly journals Respon Histopatologis Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Benzo(α)Piren terhadap Pemberian Taurin dan Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Annisa Agata ◽  
Endang Linirin Widiastuti ◽  
G. Nugroho Susanto ◽  
Sutyarso '
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Group I

Cancer is a disease that is characterized by the existence of damage and cell abnormality in growth and differentiation. Liver cancer is a disorder of hepar tissue derivated from its tumors. Taurine is known as antioxidant but its role as anticancer needs to be explored more as well the role of Annona muricata leaf extract which is believed to have its role as anticancer substance. This research, therefore, aimed to explore the effect of taurine and Annona muricata leaf extract on the hepar histopathology of male mice (Mus musculus) induced by benzo(α)pyren in vivo. This research was carried out by using a complete randomized design, which consisted of 5 treatment groups which was repeated 5 times. Group I was given 0.2 mL corn oil for 15 days, group II was induced by benzo(α)pyren without taurin nor A. Muricata leaf extract for 10 days, group III was given 7.8 mg taurine/BW/day (twice a day) starting from the 15 th days before the induction of benzo(α)pyren, group IV, after induced with benzo(α)pyren, taurine was given with dosage of 7.8 mg/BW/day, group V, after induced with benzo(α)pyren, soursop leaf extract was given with amount of 277.8 mg/BW/day. Data analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and one way ANOVA with Fisher test (p>0.05). The results indicated that taurine had ability to recover the liver tissue induced by benzo(α)pyren as (carcinogenic) while, Annona muricata leaf extract had not shown any recover of tissue damage

scholarly journals In vivo Toxicity Assessment after the Detoxification of Aflatoxin Compounds – Contaminated Wheat and Corn by Ozone Gas

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
T. T. El-Sisy ◽  
Asmaa A. Salem ◽  
Nivin S. Nail ◽  
Jehan B. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Corn Grains

Aflatoxins (AFs) are dangerous mycotoxins, which include a great number of lipophilic molecules produced by aerobic microscopic fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus causes health hazard including death to human and livestock. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone gas treatment on the fungal growth and detoxification of AFs - contaminated wheat and corn grains. Ozone concentration treatments 40 mg / Kg wheat for 1 hour and 80 mg / Kg corn for 2 hours of exposure time respectively were applied to contaminated samples of wheat and corn grains. It was observed that completely inhibition of Aspergillus growth and consequently the total aflatoxin content was decreased. In vivo, the biosafety assessment for 72 male albino rats fed on diet containing 70% wt. of ozone treated AFs – contaminated grains were evaluated comparing to control groups. Results indicated that rats fed on AFs contaminated grains have significantly increased the serum enzymes activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as the serum levels of creatinine, urea, glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). Also, it was observed that a significant decrease in the level of serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), reduced glutathione (GSH) and testosterone hormone comparing to control groups.  However, the oral administration of ozonized groups ameliorated the biochemical parameters compared to rats fed on contaminated grains. Moreover, histopathological studies of liver, kidney and testis tissues of rats fed on contaminated grains that revealed different lesions and changes in tissues, inversely to that improving effects in tissues of ozonized contaminated grains – fed rats. It was concluded that ozonization treatment were most effective in reduction of mold count and degradation of aflatoxins content for grains during storage.

The Natural Course of Defibrination Syndrome Caused by Echis Colorata Venom in Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fainaru ◽  
S Eisenberg ◽  
N Manny ◽  
C Hershko
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Thrombocyte Count

SummaryThe natural course of defibrination syndrome caused by Echis colorata venom (ECV) in five patients is reported. All patients developed afibrinogenemia within six hours after the bite. Concomitantly a depression in factor V was recorded. Factor VIII and thrombocyte count in blood were normal in most patients. In the light of the known effects of ECV on blood coagulation in vivo and in vitro it is concluded that the afibrinogenemia is due to intravascular clotting.Four patients had transient renal damage, manifested by oliguria, azotemia, albuminuria and cylindruria, ascribed to microthrombi in the renal glomeruli.After the bite, the natural course was benign, no major bleeding was observed, and all signs of coagulopathy reverted to normal within 7 days. Therefore we recommend no specific treatment for this condition. In the case of heavily bleeding patients, administration of antiserum against ECV and/or heparin should be considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document