scholarly journals The Dark Side of Tobacco Industry's CSR: A Socio-Legal Analysis of the Indonesian Corporate Hegemony Campaign

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Auditya Firza Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Social Reputation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Hegemony

This paper aims to seek the legal substance's core problem to reveal how the hegemony latently operates. By doing so, it deconstructs the established dogma about the industry's misperceived social reputation that frequently serves as justifications favoring the industry. As the only country in the Asia-Pacific region that has not yet accessed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), Indonesia faces an alarming smoking prevalence rate. The situation has worsened during the COVID-19 outbreak because excessive tobacco smoking behavior increases people’s health vulnerability. Despite the destructive impact, most Indonesian citizens share a common belief about the tobacco industry's importance to the economy. Narratives on economic contribution and the industry’s philanthropic campaigns display the industry as the protagonist sector and play a significant role in creating a false public opinion on the tobacco industry's reputation. Using a qualitative socio-legal approach, this paper critically describes how the industry uses the hegemonic methods manifested in CSR campaigns, which contradict the ethical principle to secure its market dominance. As a result, the partial legal approach to tobacco control regarding CSR encountered minimalist market interventions from the government, which emerges as the main causes of such an anomaly. As the tobacco control challenge predictably gets more difficult on the verge of an economic downturn, the urgency of accessing the FCTC is highly crucial to saving us from the upcoming demographic calamity. KEYWORDS: Tobacco Industry, Business & Human Rights, Corporate Hegemony.

scholarly journals Impact of Economic Downturn on Child Labor in Vietnam

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Huyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Government

The economic recession led to the economic downturn, loss of jobs and income, and the risk of falling back into the poverty of near-poor and poor households. This recession caused an increase in child labor. This study aimed to analyze the concept of child and child labor under a regulatory framework and assess how the economic downturn affects child labor in Vietnam. This study used analytical research methods through synthesis, comparison, and legal analysis, emphasizing literary research based on secondary research data. This study showed that the economic downturn increased the proportion of child labor because the parents and the family's breadwinner are unemployed or cut down on their income. Children were out of school to help household businesses or look for work for extra income. The economic downturn increased the number of children working in unsafe working conditions. It increased the risk of children being forced into illegal jobs prohibited and exposing children to labor to risk forced labor. It resulted in difficulties preventing and eliminating child labor, especially in a developing country like Vietnam, due to the high number of employees working in the informal sector, who were often unsupported by social security policies such as unemployment insurance and social insurance. This study suggested that the Government should establish policies to promote sustainable economic development and promulgate appropriate social security policies to promptly support workers and their families out of difficulties caused by job loss. Also, it should organize the effective implementation of regulations on eliminating child labor and raise social awareness in preventing and eliminating child labor. KEYWORDS: Economic Downturn, Child Labor, COVID-19 Pandemic.

How Much Is Too Much? Estimating Effective Price-Hikes to Affect Smoking Behavior in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1721-1726
Author(s):  
Binh Thang Tran ◽  
Dinh Trung Tran ◽  
Khac Minh Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Trinh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Min Kyung Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Smoker ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Control Goal ◽  
The Government ◽  
Current Price ◽  
Cigarette Prices

Abstract Introduction Raising the price of cigarettes is one of the most effective strategies to reduce cigarette smoking. The Vietnamese government is working toward the tobacco control goal of a 10% reduction in smoking prevalence by 2020. However, cigarette prices in Vietnam have not increased in the last two decades. The aim of this study was to estimate what cigarette prices would make smokers attempt to quit smoking, and to identify predictors of the price to quit and the intention to quit. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 822 male current smokers in Da Nang, Vietnam. A structured questionnaire was adapted from the International Tobacco Control project survey. Bayesian quantile regression was applied to predict factors associated with expected cigarette price. Results Fifty-six percent of smokers suggested a price to quit. Their median suggested price to quit per pack, 62 000 VND (2.8 USD), was 2.8 times higher than the actual current price, 22 000 VND (1.01 USD). Suggesting a lower price to quit was significantly associated with awareness of warning labels and smoke-free policies. In contrast, being a heavy smoker was significantly associated with a higher suggested price to quit across all quantiles. Conclusions There may be sufficient room to increase cigarette prices in Vietnam. The price to quit is associated with various factors, including non-pricing policies. Implications Evidence suggests that a steep increase in cigarette prices, setting a high minimum tax, and introducing a large specific tax, which are policy-induced price increases that can raise prices substantially in Vietnam, are preferable strategies. In addition to increasing price and taxes, the government should also strengthen non-pricing policies.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC AND TRADE COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Zhang DONGYANG ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Eu

The status and prospects of development of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and China are considered. It is proved that bilateral cooperation in the trade and economic sphere has made significant progress. In 2012–2017, China was the second largest trading partner of Ukraine after Russia. However, the problem of imbalance in imports and exports between Ukraine and China has not yet been resolved. In addition, the scale and number of projects in which Ukraine attracts Chinese investment is much less than investments from European countries and the United States. It is justified that trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and China is at a new historical stage. On the one hand, Ukraine signed the Association Agreement with the European Union, and on January 1, 2016, the rules of the free trade zone between Ukraine and the EU entered into force. This helps to accelerate the integration of Ukrainian economy into European one. On the other hand, the global economic downturn requires the introduction of innovations in the model of cooperation. The Chinese initiative “One belt is one way” is one of the variants of the innovation model of cooperation. Its significance is to unite the Asia-Pacific region with the EU in order to join the Eurasian Economic Union, create a new space and opportunities for development and achieve prosperity with the Eurasian countries. All this forms unprecedented opportunities for development of bilateral economic and trade relations. It seems that to fully open the potential of Ukrainian economy and expand bilateral trade and economic cooperation, it is necessary to take into account such proposals as the establishment of the Sino-Ukrainian industrial park, the promotion of cooperation in the field of electronic commerce, the formation of the Sino-Ukrainian free trade zone and enhanced interaction within multilateral mechanisms (for example, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the interaction of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the 16 + 1 format).

Yakut Governor Ivan Kraft and His Contribution to the Construction of the Amur-Yakutsk Highway at the Beginning of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Lev M. Dameshek ◽  
◽  
Margarita D. Kushnareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
North East ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The article considers the activities of Ivan Kraft, the governor of Yakutsk Oblast, on the incorporation of North-East Siberia into the single economic, administrative and sociocultural space of the Russian Empire. The aim of the study is to analyze Kraft's contribution to the construction and arrangement of the Amur-Yakutsk Highway at the beginning of the 20th century. To reach this aim, the authors broadly use archival sources that have not been previously published and introduced into academic discourse. The topic has theoretical and applied relevance. It has not been sufficiently studied in the historiography of North-East Siberia and is the subject of scholarly and political discussions. The key method in the study is an interdisciplinary approach to the research problem, which is at the intersection of history and economics. The authors used content analysis for a quantitative and qualitative study of these sources based on the principle of historicism and consistency. The authors determined that, in connection with the design of the Amur Railway, the Amur-Yakutsk Highway received the status of a strategic infrastructure object in the macroregion. The authors note that Kraft was the initiator of the construction of the route from Yakutsk to the Amur. The governor conducted a number of scientific and engineering surveys of the most convenient route and made applications for financing the construction of the highway. Kraft made a strategic decision to attract private companies with large capital for the construction. The Upper Amur Gold Mining Company and the Heirs of A. I. Gromova company helped build highway sections with a total length of more than 500 km, equip stations, establish telegraph communications, and construct river crossings. At the beginning of the 20th century, in the framework of modernization measures, Kraft considered Yakutsk Oblast as a mining region. This became the basis for raising the question of Yakutia's access to the Trans-Siberian Railway. The close cooperation of the government, in the person of Kraft, with large enterprises of the region was the basis for the project of constructing a railway line to Yakutsk. In conclusion, the authors note that the processes of incorporation of the Asian borderlands of Russia into the economic, administrative and sociocultural space of the state that Governor of Yakutsk Oblast Ivan Kraft began at the beginning of the 20th century were reflected in the modern policy of the Russian Federation. The Amur-Yakutsk Mainline was put into operation in 2015. At present, the problem of building a bridge across the Lena in the Yakutsk area is still relevant. In 2019, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed orders to begin the construction of the bridge. This will create an international transit corridor between Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.

Health promotion through youth empowerment to prevent and control smoking behavior: a conceptual paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Heni Trisnowati ◽  
Djauhar Ismail ◽  
Retna Siwi Padmawati
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
And Control

PurposeThis paper aimed to review globally the empowerment programs for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths, to examine the role of empowerment in health promotion, to explore the stages of health promotion through community empowerment strategies including planning, implementation and evaluation. Finally, this paper will develop a model of youth empowerment to prevent and control smoking behavior that reflects theory and experience drawn from the literature.Design/methodology/approachThis review synthesized articles on community empowerment and health promotion, youth empowerment programs for tobacco prevention and control globally from books and electronic databases from the Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) library in the publication period 2000–2020. Relevant literature was selected and critically reviewed which reflected the role empowerment in health promotion, stage of community empowerment strategy as described by Laverack and youth empowerment concept in tobacco control as described by Holden.FindingsDocuments that specifically discuss empowerment programs for smoking prevention and control are still limited. The findings document that youth empowerment in tobacco control do not fully integrate the theory empowerment as described by Laverack and Holden. This paper provides information about the stages of youth empowerment, and a conceptual framework of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior. Youth empowerment is done through the direct involvement of youth in programs starting from program design, planning, implementation and evaluation. Indicators of the success of the empowerment process are reflected in the increase in the empowerment domain. Meanwhile, the output of empowerment can be seen from the individual- or group-level changes.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a model of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths based on theory and experience in the field.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN SMOKE-FREE AREAS AND SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Mohamad Anis Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Impact

Background: Low public awareness of the impact of smoking makes the implementation of smoke-free areas (KTR) difficult. Smoke-free areas aim to protect the public from the direct and indirect effects of smoking. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the application of smoke-free areas and the prevalence of active and ex-smokers in Indonesia. Method: This study implemented a cross-sectional design, using secondary data from the Riskesdas 2018 on active and ex-smokers. KTR application data were obtained from the Profile of Non-Communicable Diseases in 2016. A Pearson product-moment test was conducted by a computer application to determine the correlation coefficient (r). This coefficient was used to describe the level of correlation between the two variables; significance was determined as a p value of 5%. Results: This study showed that the average application of KTR throughout Indonesia was 50.83%, active smokers comprised 23.49% of the population, and ex-smokers comprised 4.94%. Most active smokers were in Java and Sumatra, while the majority of ex-smokers were in Java and Sulawesi and the majority of KTR was in Java. This study shows that there is a positive correlation between KTR application and the percentage of ex-smokers (r = 0.46; p value = 0.01). Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the application of KTR and an increase in ex-smokers. The government needs to increase the application of KTR policies.

scholarly journals Co-operative Investment Policy as a Tool to Accelerate the Entrepreneurship and Improve the Poverty Condition in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Raju Mohammad Kamrul Alam ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Ahmad Al Humssi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cooperative Investment ◽  
The Government

Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world with low GDP/capita and minimum purchasing power. A third of the total population (24.3%) lives below the national poverty line ($2/day) while a half of them do live in extreme poverty level ($1.25). It’s now a national issue as high rate of poverty is the cause of permanent economic downturn and socio-economic depression in Bangladesh. Many policies have been applied by government and NGOs since its independent in 1971 to alleviate the poverty but no policy has brought a remarkable outcome. The main purpose of the study is to examine the causes for high rate of poverty in Bangladesh and insufficiency of the government agencies that are working to alleviate the poverty and propose innovative approaches to growth of entrepreneurship to bring sustainable economic growth and improve the poverty condition. The study is based on structural and semi-structural questionnaires and face to face interview. A total of 60 structural and same numbers of semi-structural questionnaires were given to 100 recipients of various age, sex, education, profession and economic levels regarding the factors to get feedback. In this research, a cooperative investment policy and a government action plan have been drawn up based on coordination between the various agencies, which allow the impoverished section of the population to save and invest collectively in order to involve them in entrepreneurship to lift themselves out of the poverty cycle and bring sustainable development. The aim of the research involving the impoverished population to entrepreneurship through co-operative investment policy and promoted government mechanisms to improve the poverty condition in Bangladesh. Search tasks: *To examine the major reasons for the high rate of poverty in Bangladesh. *To explore the impacts of entrepreneurship to accelerate the economic growth and improve the poverty condition in Bangladesh. *To discover the most effective ways to involve the impoverished population to entrepreneurship. *To develop a co-operative investment policy and an integrated government strategy covering all financial, administrative, supervisory and regulatory aspects that will regulate the state's action to accelerate the entrepreneurship and achieve economic growth. Subject of the research cooperative investment policy and improved government mechanism for poverty reduction in Bangladesh through entrepreneurship growth. Object of the research the rate of poverty, entrepreneurship. Keywords: Impoverished Population, Co-operative Investment Policy, Entrepreneurship, Government Performance, Sustainable Development.

scholarly journals Developing a monograph book for teaching English skills to young learners in wetlands areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Dini Noor Arini ◽  
Raisa Fadilla
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Suitable Reference ◽  
English Instruction

To enable Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (ULM) to become the Asia-Pacific centre for wetlands development in 2027, one of the efforts ULM makes is to raise awareness about the importance of optimising human resources in wetlands through research and development in the educational and cultural fields. English is considered a foreign language in Indonesia, allowing students to use the language outside of academic settings. English becomes a required subject in junior and senior high school; however, the government requires that English be taught in primary schools as a local topic. English, on the other hand, remains a mandatory subject in a large number of Indonesian primary schools, particularly in Banjarmasin. The issue arises in primary school English instruction because there is no clear guidance for teachers on how to teach English in an appropriate and engaging manner for the students. Due to the absence of a monograph book on teaching methods, teachers in some primary schools in Banjarmasin, particularly those located in wetland areas, have limited access to teaching English to young learners (EYL). In light of the university's policy and the critical nature of achieving teaching and learning objectives, as well as the absence of a suitable reference book for teaching EYL, this study aims to develop an appropriate monograph book on teaching techniques for students of young ages. The research and development design is chosen because it aims to create a product and meets the needs of the reference book's development. The results are expected to improve students' academic performance and to assist EYL teachers in wetland areas in conducting effective and meaningful teaching.

scholarly journals Verbal realism in a magic world: Carlos Santiago Nino vs. Jorge Luis Borges

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Katya Kozicki ◽  
Luis Gustavo Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Jorge Luis Borges ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Power Of Words ◽  
The Universe

This paper is an investigation of the reference made by Carlos Santiago Nino about Jorge Luis Borges, in the fifth chapter of his “Introduction to Legal Analysis”, in which he introduces the concept of verbal realism. The production by Borges mentioned by Nino is the poem “The Golem”, which tells the story of rabbi Judah Loew, who attempted to create another human being in his rituals. Thus, this study develops new considerations on the power of words to evoke things, and the common belief that words intrinsically relate to what they represent. In order to do that, the first objective of analysis is the immediate reference of Borges, the dialogue “Cratylus”, by Plato, together with other references, such as Goethe’s Faust, which has a similar narrative to the analyzed poem. The question raised is whether verbal realism offers definitions to constitute the universe built up by Borges. Hence, this article concludes that words, in normative contexts, are useful for summoning certain phenomena towards the events, and that verbal realism, then, has a dimension that Carlos Santiago Nino did not explore.

scholarly journals The Role of The Community in Combating The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Djufri Nurachman ◽  
Goddess Purnamawati
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The Government ◽  
Curriculum Policies ◽  
Global Threat

Corona Virus Diseases 19 (Covid-19) has become a global threat. The role of the community is very much needed to break the chain of transmission of Covid-19. This study aims to determine the role of the Indonesian people in overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic in general, health, education, and the economy. Research method: using SLR. Data is collected from Scopus and indexed journals through a science direct and Garuda-based data system. Data were analyzed using content analysis techniques. Research Results: Indonesian people have implemented health protocols in the form of using masks outside the home, complying with PSBB policies, washing hands regularly. In the health sector, supporting health workers by helping to raise funds for PPE, conducting regional quarantine. In supporting education policies during the Covid-19 period, the context of which is the government, teachers, and parents, have been with all their might and dedication to provide facilities for students in the form of data packages, relaxation of curriculum policies, elimination of National Examinations, the effectiveness of teaching and learning activities in Indonesia. during the pandemic. To respond to the economic downturn itself, the community supports the return of the Indonesian economy, such as opening small businesses online, supporting policies for providing assistance and relaxing MSME loans by submitting small businesses, supporting government policies on tax relaxation. while still paying taxes. Conclusion: In general, the Indonesian people have been quite disciplined in trying to prevent the spread of COVID-19, both in the fields of health, education, and the economy.

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