scholarly journals THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ERROR DETECTION BY CODES WITH THE SUMMATION OF SINGLE INFORMATION BITS IN THE RING OF RESIDUES, ACCORDING TO A GIVEN MODULUS ARE ANALYZED, WHICH ARE MANIFESTED IN THE SYNTHESIS OF BUILT-IN CONTROL CIRCUITS USING THE BOOLEAN COMPLEMENT METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-314
Author(s):  
D. V. Efanov ◽  
◽  
G. V. Osadchiy ◽  
M. V. Zueva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Control Circuits

Errors occurring in the control vectors are always detected. Unlike previous studies in this subject area, the authors focus on the features of error detection by modular sum codes in all codewords, and not just in information vectors. Previously unknown properties of error detection by modular sum- mation codes with their classification by types (unidirectional, symmetrical and asymmetrical errors) and multiplicities have been established. Catalogs of detailed characteristics of modular sum codes are provided. The key patterns inherent in this class of codes are described. The research results can be used in organizing built-in control circuits using the Boolean complement method, in solving other problems of technical diagnostics, where it is important to know the properties of detecting errors in code words, as well as problems of data protection and transmission

scholarly journals Review of the book «Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes»

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Matrosova
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Discrete Systems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Binary Codes ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Embedded Control ◽  
Polynomial Codes ◽  
Control Circuits ◽  
Berger Codes

Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes. Vol. 1. Moscow, Nauka publ., 2020, 611 p. ISBN 978-5-02-040758-9.Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes. Vol. 2. Moscow, Nauka publ., 2021, 527 p. ISBN 978-5-02-040757-2.The first volume of the book includes papers devoted to three main areas of research in the field of synthesis of self-checking discrete systems: study of features of classical sum codes (Berger codes), modular sum codes, as well as their modifications proposed by the authors of the articles; study of features of codes for which check bits are obtained using convolutions modulo М = 2 of a part of data bits (polynomial codes and classical Hamming codes); research of the Boolean Complement method for organisation of self-checking discrete systems based on redundant binary codes. Materials are provided on detailed characteristics of error detection in data bits of redundant binary codes under the condition of errorfree check bits, descriptions of methods for constructing previously unknown modified sum codes and features of methods for synthesizing self-checking discrete systems based on binary redundant codes.The second volume of the book includes papers in the field of constructing binary sum codes weighted bits and transitions between bits occupying adjacent positions in data vectors of code words, as well as the results of studying their characteristics and methods of synthesising coding equipment. The issues of application of features of codes in organisation of self-checking discrete systems are considered. The reader will find on the pages of this volume materials on detailed characteristics of error detection in data bits of weight-based sum codes provided that the check bits are error-free, descriptions of methods for constructing previously unknown weight-based sum codes and features of methods for synthesising self-checking discrete systems based on them.The book can be useful for developers, researchers and engineers working in the field of technical diagnostics of discrete systems and synthesis of systems with fault detection, as well as students studying computer science, computer technology and automation. 

On Your Watch: Automation on the Bridge

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Lützhöft ◽  
S. W. A. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The Future ◽  
Machine Work ◽  
Increase Efficiency

In this paper, we discuss the grounding of the Royal Majesty, reconstructed from the perspective of the crew. The aim is particularly to understand the role of automation in shaping crew assessments and actions. Automation is often introduced because of quantitative promises that: it will reduce human error; reduce workload; and increase efficiency. But as demonstrated by the Royal Majesty, as well as by numerous research results, automation has qualitative consequences for human work and safety, and does not simply replace human work with machine work. Automation changes the task it was meant to support; it creates new error pathways, shifts consequences of error further into the future and delays opportunities for error detection and recovery. By going through the sequence of events that preceded the grounding of the Royal Majesty, we highlight the role that automation plays in the success and failure of navigation today. We then point to future directions on how to make automated systems into better team players.

RESEARCH OF PECULIARITIES OF ERROR DETECTION ON THE OUTPUTS OF PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS WITH FUNCTIONAL CONTROL BASED ON MODULAR CODES WITH SUMMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-495
Author(s):  
A. V. Pashukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Programmable Logic Arrays ◽  
Code Module ◽  
Functional Control

The article provides examples of the use of programmable logic integrated circuits in various industries. Possible faults in FPGA blocks and their difference from faults in programmable logic arrays are described. Particular attention is paid to the failures of the LUT element. Features of the organization of technical diagnostics systems operating in the operating mode of the objects of diagnostics for combinational logic devices, implemented on the basis of programmable logic integrated circuits are described. Using the example of modular summation codes, it is shown that the known approaches to organizing such systems for devices implemented on a valve basis can be directly applied to devices of the type under consideration. Since malfunctions in the form of errors are recorded, and not the malfunctions themselves, the approaches to the organization of diagnostic systems are universal. It also provides a comparative characteristic of modular sum codes depending on the code module. A code has been proposed that will detect all faults in the example under study.

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL DEFICIENCIES IN MATHEMATICS TEACHERS: AN ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL RESEARCH RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V TUMASHEVA ◽  
◽  
M.B SHASHKINA ◽  
E.A AESHINA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Regional System ◽  
The Subject

Purpose: to describe the results of a regional study of subject and methodological skills of teachers of mathematics in the Krasnoyarsk Territory; highlight the professional difficulties of teachers in the subject area "Mathematics"; determine a list of corrective measures to eliminate the identified problems. Methods: theoretical (analysis of scientific literature on the problem of research, systematization and generalization of the results of scientific research) and empirical (ascertaining pedagogical experiment, analysis and interpretation of the results). Results: a program for diagnosing the subject and methodological skills of the professional activity of a mathematics teacher was developed. A diagnostic toolkit has been developed, which is based on the following principles: orientation to current educational results and modern requirements for the labor actions of a teacher, a system-activity approach for determining deficiencies in the field of methods of teaching mathematics, the possibility of designing an individual trajectory of a teacher's professional development based on the results of diagnostics. The analysis of the research results and recommendations for eliminating the identified professional deficiencies are presented. Scientific novelty: developed and substantiated an approach to the formation of control and measuring materials for the diagnosis of professional deficiencies in mathematics teachers. Practical significance: the main results and conclusions of the article can be used to create a regional system for monitoring professional deficits of mathematics teachers, as well as to develop modular training programs for teachers that provide personalized assistance to teachers in eliminating professional difficulties.

scholarly journals Aufwachsen in überwachten Umgebungen

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Video Monitoring ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Individual Success ◽  
Educational Robots

Digital technologies are exerting a growing influence on the lives of children and teenagers: from video monitoring of babies and educational robots in nursery school to AI-powered learning assistants used to guarantee individual success in education. However, issues relating to privacy, surveillance and data protection are seldom reflected on with regard to this sensitive and important social sphere. The majority of these applications generate data which reveal a great deal about the adolescents who use them. This study addresses this subject area. Together with practitioners from the field of education and with the goal of laying the foundations for addressing this issue in both academic and (socio-) political discourse, it depicts interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary exchange that extends beyond disciplines and academic borders. The authors Regina Ammicht Quinn, Jutta Croll, Sephan Dreyer, Michael Freidewald, Elena Frense, Marit Hansen, Asmae Harrach-Lasfaghi, Jessica Heesen, Gerrit Hornung, Andreas Janson, Nicole Krämer-Mertens, Leonie Kreidel, Marco Leimeister, Yannic Meier, Judith Meinert, Maxi Nebel, Carsten Ochs, Dr. Senta Pfaff-Rüdiger, Alexander Roßnagel, Sofia Schöbel, Reinhold Schulze-Tammena, Matthias Söllner, Ingrid Stapf and Prof. Dr. Isabel Zorn.

scholarly journals Intelligent Technologies in the Examination of Construction Structures

2018 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Galina G. Kashevarova ◽  
Yury L. Tonkov
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Output Control ◽  
Fuzzy Knowledge Bases ◽  
The Given

Categoiy of technical condition (normative, workable imited operational or emergency), which is determined by engineering inspection of buildings and structures, is the main criterion in making decisions about the degree of accident or the need to take measures to bring it to further use. The decisions taken depend on the objectivity and reliability of the information provided ty expertswhich sometimes cannot be interpreted as completely true or complete^ false. It seems advisable to strengthen and expand the professional capabilities of specialists who are engaged in the survey of construction sites through the use of expert systems on the basis of the mathematical apparatus of the theoiy of fuzzy sets and fuzzylogic. This makes it possible to take into account the scatter of individual opinions. Information from the subject area of technical diagnostics of buildings is formalized in terms of fuzzy sets with the use of membership functions created for both input and output control parameters. To implement the fuzzy logical inference, Mamdani's algorithm, modified and adapted to the given problem, was proposed. This technology allows to give a strict mathematical description of vague statements realizing an attempt to overcome alinguistic barrier between a person whose judgments and assessments are approximate and indistinct and a computer that can on^ perform clear instructions. A computer program has been developed that implements the method of identification of the category of technical condition of building structures on the basis of fuzzy knowledge bases.

Application of constant-weight code "1-out-if-5" for the organization of combinational circuits check

2017 ◽  
pp. 307-319
Author(s):  
Valeriy Sapozhnikov ◽  
Vladimir Sapozhnikov ◽  
Dmitriy Efanov ◽  
Dmitriy Pyvovarov
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Discrete Systems ◽  
Code Word ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Concurrent Error Detection ◽  
Combinational Circuits ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Testing Patterns ◽  
Full Check

Objective: To study specificities of “1-out of-5”equilibrium code application in the process of concurrent error detection of combinational logic circuits organization. Methods: Information and coding theories, as well as technical diagnostics of discrete systems were applied. Results: It was suggested to apply a “1-out of-5”equilibrium code in organizing of combinational circuits control by means of Boolean complement method, the tester of which has a simple structure and needs five testing patterns for its full check. The calculation method of Boolean complement functions was given; the former makes it possible to provide testability of a Boolean complement block and a tester within a checking circuit. The advantages of a “1-out of-5”equilibrium code application were presented, compared to the usage of other equilibrium codes with a shorter length of a code word for organization of combinational circuits’ check. Practical importance: The application of a “1-out of-5”equilibrium code for organization of combinational circuits’ check is promising for self-checking discrete automatic and calculating machines.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS METHODS OF SELF-CHECKING COMBINATIONAL DEVICES OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLS BASED ON LOGICAL COMPLEMENT TO THE EQUILIBRIUM 1-OUT-OF 4 CODE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-668
Author(s):  
D. V. Efanov ◽  
◽  
G. V. Osadchy ◽  
I. V. Leskovets ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Code Word ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Control Circuits

The article is devoted to the development of the logical complement method for the synthesis of self-checking digital devices and systems. The article highlights the features of using the equilibrium 1-out-of 4 code for the synthesis of integrated control circuits of combinational logic devices by the method of logical complement. The basic structures of the organization of built-in control schemes by the method of logical complement to the equilibrium 1-out-of 4 code are described and several ways of organizing control schemes are considered. The fi rst one implies the control of devices with the allocation of outputs fours and the use of conversion of three outputs out of four in the basic structure. There is another way of organizing the control circuit by the method of logical complement to the equilibrium code and it involves the search for outputs triplets and their addition to the four-digit code word of the 1-out-of 4 code by directly connecting the output of the supervisor logic block to the tester input without any signal conversion. The third method is associated with the use of a basic structure with the circuit for the preliminary signal compression from the unit under test and the reduced number of outputs control. The article presents the results of experimental studies for each of the methods of organizing the built-in control circuit and estimates the structures technical implementation complexity as well as the probability of detecting errors at the outputs of the unit under test when single-stuck faults are introduced. In many cases the logical complement method allows to synthesize simpler self-checking devices compared to the duplication method with high rates of error detection at the unit under test outputs.

scholarly journals The Development and Evaluation of a Corpus-based Spanish Collocation Error Detection and Revision Suggestion Tool

Linguamática ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Chuan Lu ◽  
An Chung Cheng ◽  
Shujuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Learning ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shed Light

The topic of collocation has drawn attention for the past three decades in the lexical area of theoretical and applied linguistics. Our research team developed and evaluated a corpus-based assisted tool for collocation learning in Spanish. Based on the two constructed corpora (CEATE and CPEIC) and a Spanish collocation extraction tool (HCE), this computer-assisted learning tool, SpColEDRS, is easy to use to detect errors and also suggests revisions for Spanish collocations. Based on the evaluation, the research results indicated that the tool developed in this research can assist learners effectively, especially in the case of beginners. In addition, the results of the satisfaction survey provided positive confirmation of the effectiveness of this tool in assisting the learning of Spanish collocations. Finally, this study shed light on pedagogical applications of the constructed corpora and the learning of Spanish collocation with a corpus-based approach in a multilingual acquisition setting.

Data Subject Rights under the GDPR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena U. Vrabec
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Data Environment ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
Data Subject ◽  
The Eu

In 2018, the GDPR started a revolution in the data protection world. One of the most far-reaching developments of the new regulation was the chapter on data subject rights. Old rights were strengthened and extended, and several new rights were introduced. For data subjects who felt overwhelmed with the information overload, the GDPR meant a promise of more individual control over data. In combination with severe financial penalties, the revised rights brought the potential to become a vehicle of data protection law enforcement. However, there are still many uncertainties related to data subject rights due to the fact that the GDPR only recently entered into force. The Court of Justice of the EU and other EU governmental authorities have not yet had the time to provide thorough and updated guidance (although the court has been actively adjudicating on these individual rights ever since the GDPR was adopted). Not only is the lack of guidance a problem, the applicability of data subject rights is strongly influenced by the economic and social (data-driven) context. This book provides a thorough analysis of data subject rights under the new GDPR framework and their legal operation. The goal is to help individuals (lawyers and others) to navigate the subject area and/or possibly pursue claims. Its additional value is that it considers the rights in a big data environment and therefore more accurately points out inefficiencies and provides criticism where needed.

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