Analysis of the Relationship between Currency Redenomination and Financial Transaction Costs in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Hassana Aliyu MOHAMMED ◽  
◽  
Abdurrahman ISIK ◽  
Paul Terhemba IOREMBER ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
User Costs ◽  
Inflationary Pressure ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

The study analyses the relationship between currency redenomination and financial sector transaction costs in Nigeria using a sample of 200 respondents from ten financial institutions. Applying the Chi-square test, the study reveals that high currency redenomination removes wasteful transactions removes user costs (difficulties arising from memorizing, calculating and carrying large sum of lowest denominations: coins and smaller notes). The results also show that currency redenomination influences inflationary pressure and currency liberalization in Nigeria. Based on the findings the study recommends the introduction of currency redenomination to facilitate the consumers' cash payment and reduce the cost incurred by producers and issuing authorities, and also make payment system more efficient and effective.

scholarly journals Customer Preference towards Use of ATM Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
S Manjushree
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Customer Preference ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Customer Services ◽  
Self Service ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Automated teller machines have altered the relationship between banks and their customers and competitive relationships among banks. ATMs are self-service vendor machine it permits customers to do anywhere, anytime banking both the bank and customers stand to gain in several ways. In contrast, ATMs bring down the cost per transaction, increase efficiency by reducing the workload of staff, they help to increase accuracy, speed, save time, money and effort of customers. Thus ATM impacts customer services and leads to better customer satisfaction. They enable the bank to transact more business by offering various services in a cost-effective way on one side and to get more customer satisfaction on the other. To analyze the relationship between demographic variables and preferences to use ATM, a structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from a random sample of 50 customers from a syndicate bank in Bhadravati, percentage analysis and chi-square test are applied for data analysis and interpretation. Finally, it attempts to offer suitable suggestions and conclusions to enhance the awareness of ATMs and other related modern services provided by the banks.

IDENTIFIKASI SERTA HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DUSUN JIKEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliansari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Variable ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
The Relationship

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable  showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.

Hubungan antara Luas Lesi pada Foto Toraks Penderita TB Paru Dewasa yang Memiliki Riwayat Diabetes Melitus dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Ina Edwina ◽  
Rista D Soetikno ◽  
Irma H Hikmat
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence rates are increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. There is a relationship between TB and DM that are very prominent, which is the prevalence of pulmonary TB with DM increased by 20 times compared with pulmonary TB without diabetes. Chest X-ray picture of TB patients with DM is atypical lesion. However, there are contradictories of pulmonary TB lesion on chest radiograph of DM patients. Nutritional status has a close relationship with the morbidity of DM, as well as TB.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the lesions of TB on the chest radiograph of patients who su?er from DM with their Body Mass Index (BMI) in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Radiology RSHS Bandung between October 2014 - February 2015. We did a consecutive sampling of chest radiograph and IMT of DM patients with clinical diagnosis of TB, then the data was analysed by Chi Square test to determine the relationship between degree of lesions on chest radiograph of pulmonary TB on patients who have DM with their BMI.Results: The results showed that adult patients with active pulmonary TB with DM mostly in the range of age 51-70 years old, equal to 62.22%, with the highest gender in men, equal to 60%. Chest radiograph of TB in patients with DM are mostly seen in people who are obese, which is 40% and the vast majority of lesions are minimal lesions that is equal to 40%.Conclusions: There is a signifcant association between pulmonary TB lesion degree with BMI, with p = 0.03

Usia Resiko Tinggi dan Perdarahan Post Partum

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ani Media Harumi ◽  
Kasiati Kasiati
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of age high risk with the incidence ofbleeding post partum in dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya hospital. This research is analytic with an approachof a sectional cross. The study population was all post partum mothers in the Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabayahospital in January 2016 to March 2017, which amounts to an average of 1840respondents while theresearch sample number 182. Measuring collection sheet data obtained by systematic random sampling.The Study was conducted Chi-Square test obtained mean count X2 (0,00) is less than á (0.05) thenH0 is rejected and H1 accepted it means that there is a relationship between the age of high risk withbleeding post partum. Conclusion, there is a relationship between the age of high risk with the incidenceof bleeding post partum in the Spaceof the Maternity room Dr. Moch. Soewandhie Surabayahospital.

Association between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) during checkpoint immunotherapy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 489-489
Author(s):  
Elie W. Akl ◽  
Pier Vitale Nuzzo ◽  
Elio Adib ◽  
Amin Nassar ◽  
Sarah Abou Alaiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
Tumor Mutational Burden ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Relationship

489 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has greatly improved clinical outcomes for pts with mUC and other cancers. ICI is associated with a class of AEs, deemed irAEs due to immune activation. Nonetheless, biomarkers associated with irAE are still lacking. We hypothesized that the immune response against neoantigens is partly responsible for irAEs and investigated the association between irAEs, TMB and response to ICI. Methods: We identified patients with mUC at Dana Farber Cancer Institute who were treated with ICI (monotherapy or combination) and had available tumor sequencing data through Oncopanel. TMB was calculated using the number of non-synonymous exonic mutations per megabase. The severity of irAEs was graded using CTCAE v.5.0. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to identify association between TMB, incidence and grade of irAEs. A cut-off of 10/mb was assigned for TMB. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the radiologic response between pts with and without irAEs and low vs. high TMB. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the relationship between TMB, irAEs and response. p-values were adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg method. Results: Of 101 pts with mUC who met the inclusion criteria, 32 (32%) reported irAEs. 6 (6%) were grade (G)1, 20 (20%) were G2, and 6 (6%) were G3. Median(m) time on therapy was 84 days for pts without irAEs and 88 days for pts with irAEs. Pts with irAEs had higher mTMB (15.4/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (9.8) ( p = 0.01). In pts on monotherapy (93), those with irAEs (n=27) had a higher mTMB (15.13/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (n=66) (mTMB = 10.20/mb) ( p = 0.01). Out of 94 pts with radiological data, response was achieved in 16 (50%) pts with irAE vs 10 (16%) pts with no irAE ( p < 0.001). When both irAE and response were included in a multivariable regression, the association between irAE and TMB was not significant ( p = 0.4). Pts with both irAE and high TMB had a response rate of 56% which was significantly higher than those with either irAE but low TMB (28.6%) or high TMB but no irAE (21.2 %) or low TMB and no irAE (10.3%) (Chi-square test p = 0.002; FDR corrected p-values for individual comparisons in Table). There was no association between TMB and irAE grade. Conclusions: Higher TMB was associated with higher incidence of irAEs in pts with mUC on ICIs. Moreover, pts with both high TMB and irAEs exhibited better response rates than those with only high TMB or irAEs, suggesting that they may provide complementary tumor and host characteristics. Further evaluation in mUC is needed to confirm this relationship between TMB, irAEs and response in a larger cohort and explore specific mutational signatures that may be associated with irAEs. [Table: see text]

A Cross Sectional Analysis of Tourism Development and Social Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Tauseef AMAN ◽  
Mussawar SHAH ◽  
Humera JAMAL ◽  
Younas KHAN ◽  
Muhammad ARIF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and Chitral Gole National Park (CGNP) role in preservation of bio-diversity and socio-economic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents was randomly selected from total population of 3326 from the 4 selected villages on the basis of close proximity. A conceptual framework including dependent variable social development and independent variable tourism development were taken. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between CGNP is main source of promoting tourism in Chitral,tourists do any impacts upon local community in terms of increased business activities, local culture is safeguarded despite influx of tourists in the area, tourism produced employment opportunities, and social development. Qualitative data supported the empirical findings, however tourism brings economic opportunities at micro and macro level, but unfortunately CGNP is not as satisfactory regarding generating income since its establishment. The government should ensure to make such polices pertaining to the entrance fee, provides accommodation services on payment to the tourists and to reserve the entrance fee or any other form of taxes to ensure CGNP to spend on self-sustaining basis by ensuring refinement in the procedures as well.

KEJADIAN DEPRESI PADA REMAJA MENURUT DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DI KABUPATEN JEMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Adi Zayd Bintang ◽  
Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTDepression is a mental health problem that mostly occurs during adolescence. Physical, cognitive and emotional changes experienced during adolescence can cause stress. The prevalence of depression in adolescence has a very high increase compared to the age of children and adults. The main factor in being able to cure depression in adolescents is social support (Depkes, 2007). This study aims to identify depressive symptoms in adolescents and to find out the relationship between social support factors and depression incidence. This research is a quantitative research, with the type of observational analytic research with a cross sectional approach involving students at SMA XY in Jember Regency in May 2020. The analytical method uses the Chi Square test to see the relationship between independent and dependent variables with a significance level of α ≤ 0, 05. Data collection tool using google form. Determination of respondents by random sampling with a total of 158 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of women is 76.58% more than that of men. Based on the distribution of social support, 56.96% received good social support, while based on the incidence of depression, 54.43% did not experience depression. From the statistical test, the significance value of <0.05 indicates that there is a relationship between social support factors and the incidence of depression. Social support plays an effective role in overcoming depression experienced by adolescents.Keywords: Depression, Teens, social support. ABSTRAKDepresi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan mental yang sebagian besar terjadi pada masa remaja. Perubahan fisik, kognitif dan emosional yang dialami pada masa remaja dapat menimbulkan stress. Prevalensi depresi pada usia remaja memiliki peningkatan yang sangat tinggi dibandingkan dengan usia anak-anak dan usia dewasa. Faktor utama untuk dapat menyembuhkan depresi pada remaja yaitu dukungan sosial (Depkes, 2007). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gejala depresi pada remaja dan mengetahui mengenai Hubungan Faktor Dukungan Sosial dengan Kejadian Depresi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan jenis penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang melibatkan siswa di SMA XY di Kabupaten Jember pada Bulan Mei tahun 2020. Metode analisis menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk melihat hubungan variabel independen dan dependen dengan tingkat kemaknaan α ≤ 0,05. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan google form. Penentuan responden secara random sampling dengan jumlah 158 reponden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan distribusi perempuan 76,58% lebih banyak daripada laki-laki, berdasarkan distribusi dukungan sosial sebesar 56,96% mendapatkan dukungan sosial yang baik, sedangkan berdasarkan kejadian depresi sebesar 54,43% tidak mengalami depresi. Dari uji statistik nilai signifikansi sebesar < 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara faktor dukungan sosial dengan kejadian depresi. Dukungan sosial berperan efektif dalam mengatasi depresi yang dialami remaja.Kata Kunci: Depresi, Remaja, Dukungan Sosial.

HUBUNGAN KEMAMPUAN ADAPTASI DAN TEMPAT TINGGAL DENGAN TINGKAT DEPRESI PADA MAHASISWA BARU

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Ajeng Febrianti Rahayu ◽  
Bagas Aidi ◽  
Meirna Mega Rizki ◽  
Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi
Keyword(s):  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
New Students ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTFirst year student are one of the groups that are prone to depression. This is because the first year student is in a transition period or in a new condition that initially senior high school student becomes a college student. In addition, busy schedules, new learning environments and homesickness can trigger depression in college students. This study used a cross sectional study design. Respondents in this study were new students of the Study Program Outside the Main Campus (PSDKU) of Airlangga University in Banyuwangi, class 2019 with a total of 110 students. Depression levels were obtained from the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) questionnaire. Meanwhile, the adaptability was obtained from the Communicative Adaptability Scale (CAS) questionnaire and the place of residence was obtained from questions about where to live during college. A total of 53 out of 110 students (49,1%) experienced low depression and students who experienced high depression were 57 out of 110 students (50,9%). The results of the chi square test regarding the relationship between residence and the level of depression of new students, obtained data p= 0.008 (p <0.05). Chi-square test results regarding the relationship between adaptation ability and depression level of new students, obtained data p = 0.001 (p <0.05). There is a relationship between residence and adaptability with the degree of depression of new students. Higher education institutions are expected to pay more attention to the psychological conditions of students and new students are expected to maintain good coping management in facing the new environment.Keywords: depression level, adaptability, place to live, new students ABSTRAKMahasiswa baru adalah salah satu kelompok yang rentan mengalami depresi. Hal ini dikarenakan mahasiswa baru berada pada masa transisi atau suatu kondisi baru yang awalnya siswa SMA menjadi mahasiswa. Selain itu, jadwal yang padat, lingkungan belajar yang baru dan homesickness dapat memicu depresi pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian crosssectional. Responden pada penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa baru Program Studi Diluar Kampus Utama (PSDKU) Universitas Airlangga di Banyuwangi angkatan 2019 dengan jumlah 110 mahasiswa. Tingkat Depresi didapatkan dari kuisioner Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Sedangkan kemampuan adaptasi didapatkan dari kuisioner Communicative Adaptability Scale (CAS) dan tempat tinggal didapatkan dari pertanyaan mengenai tempat tinggal selama kuliah. Sebanyak 49,1% (53 dari 110 mahasiswa) mengalami depresi ringan dan mahasiswa yang mengalami depresi berat sebanyak 50,9 (57 dari 110 mahasiswa). Hasil uji chisquare mengenai hubungan tempat tinggal dengan tingkat depresi mahasiswa baru, diperoleh data p=0,008 (p<0,05). Hasil uji chisquare mengenai hubungan kemampuan adaptasi dengan tingkat depresi mahasiswa baru, diperoleh data p=0,001(p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara tempat tinggal dan kemampuan adaptasi dengan tingkat depresi mahasiswa baru. Institusi perguruan tinggi diharapkan lebih memperhatikan kondisi psikologis mahasiswa dan mahasiswa baru diharapkan tetap mempertahankan manajemen koping yang baik dalam menghadapi lingkungan baru.Kata Kunci: tingkat depresi, kemampuan adaptasi, tempat tinggal, mahasiswa baru

scholarly journals Excessive daytime sleepiness in the elderly: association with cardiovascular risk, obesity and depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 872-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnnatas Mikael Lopes ◽  
Fábio Galvão Dantas ◽  
Jovany Luis Alves de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cardiovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Districts

OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) and the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular dysfunction, depression and obesity in the elderly. METHODS: We interviewed 168 elderly from the community of Campina Grande, Paraíba. They were selected according to health districts in the period of 2010. We used the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to diagnose excessive daytime sleepiness (> 10 points); waist circumference for the risk of cardiovascular dysfunction (> 94 or > 80 cm); Geriatric Depression Scale for depression (>10 points) and body mass index for obesity (> 25 kg/m2). Association analysis was performed by the Chi-square test adjusted for sex and age group, adopting α < 0.05. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty eight elderly individuals with mean age of 72.34 ± 7.8 years old participated in this study, being 122 (72.6%) women. EDS was identified in 53 (31.5%) of them; depression, in 72 (42.9%); overweight/obesity, in 95 (64.46%); and risk of cardiovascular dysfunction, in 129 (79.6%). Depressed men (78.6%, p = 0.0005) and risk of cardiovascular dysfunction (57.1%, p = 0.02) were more prone to EDS. In women, only obesity was related to sleepiness (42.1%, p = 0.01). Only those aged between 70 - 79 years old showed association between sleepiness and obesity. CONCLUSION: It was found that obesity for women, and depression and cardiovascular dysfunction risking for men were associated with EDS in the elderly. The variable sex is a confusion condition for the association with sleepiness.

Relationship between the Responsiveness of Service Providers with Patient Satisfaction at Three Conventional Radiography Services in Denpasar

2016 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Cokorda Istri Ariwidyastuti ◽  
P.P. Januraga ◽  
Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Background and purpose: Patient satisfaction, including on radiography services, is an important component of health care provision. Surveys on patient satisfaction have been carried out particularly in government hospitals, but a more detailed study to determine the relationship between patient satisfaction with the responsiveness of service providers has yet to be carried out. This study aims to determine the relationship between the six domains of responsiveness of service providers and outpatient satisfaction at three conventional radiography facilities in Denpasar.Methods: Study was conducted by cross-sectional survey of 158 respondents selected consecutively in three conventional radiography services, namely a government hospital, a private hospital and a private radiology clinic. Data were collected through interviews using modified questionnaires on responsiveness from WHO. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate (chi-square test) and multivariate logistic regression method.Results: Univariate analysis indicated that patient satisfaction was 69% but still below the minimum service standards (>80,0%). Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated with satisfaction were the domain of attention (AOR= 3.77; 95%CI: 1.62-8.76), the quality of infrastructure (AOR=4.57; 95%CI: 1.61-12.93) and communication (AOR=6.30; 95%CI: 1.75-22.64).Conclusion: Patient satisfaction was generally still below the standard. Domains of responsiveness associated with patient satisfaction were the quality of infrastructure, level of attention and communication skills of service providers.

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