COMPARATIVE TEST OF FLAVONOIDS AND SAPONINS BETWEEN LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF KNOBS (Gomphrena globosa l.) AS ANTI-NAUSEA AND ANTIOXIDANT THERAPY IN CANCER PATIENTS UNDERGOING CHEMOTHERAPY

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world today. In 2018, there were 18.1 million new cases of cancer with a death rate of 9.6 million. Chemotherapy is one way of cancer treating. Effects of chemotherapy include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and myelo suppression in the form of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Symptoms of nausea and vomiting are one of the most serious side effects. This condition can cause patient choose to stop therapy. Discontinuation of therapy has the potential to increase cancer progression. If not treated quickly, it will cause malnutrition. The knob plant (Gomhprena globosa l.) is a nutritious plant that has been used in traditional medicine. Knobs have potential as antioxidants of it flavonoids. The flavonoid and saponin compounds can accelerate the digestive system and act as an anti-nausea, making it suitable as therapy for patients with chemotherapy. This study aims to compare the flavonoid and saponin between the leaves and knob flowers which are best used as anti-nausea products. The research was conducted at the Chemical Laboratory of MAN 1 Gresik. The extraction method used in this is maceration. The steps for testing flavonoids and saponins on knob leaves and flowers can be done by pounding the leaves and knob flowers, labeling 4 test tubes, namely, F flowers for the Flavonoid test, S flowers for the Saponins test, F leaves for the Flavonoid test, S leaves for the Saponins test. Then, add 1 ml of leaf and flower extracts into test tube, add magnesium tape to the test tube labeled F leaves and F flowers, add 1 ml of concentrated HCl into the test tube labeled F, then enter 1 ml of HCl 2N on the test tube labeled S leaves and S flowers. Based on this study, can be concluded that knob leaves have higher flavonoids and saponins. Fact, knob leaves produce more yellow color. In the saponin test, the leaf had more foam than the flower. Therefore, knob leaves can be used as anti-nausea and antioxidants in cancer patients with chemotherapy.

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Nutrition as an important component of treatment and rehabilitation in cancer patients

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2020.149.15 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

T.F. Tatarchuk ◽

◽

E.G. Manzhalii ◽

D.V. Pominchuk ◽

T.S. Shevchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

High Frequency ◽

Nutritional Support ◽

Digestive System ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Protective Activity ◽

Macro And Micronutrients ◽

Diet And Lifestyle ◽

Cachexia Syndrome

The article deals with the importance of nutritional support for cancer patients. The high frequency of malnutrition and impaired absorption of macro and micronutrients in cancer patients and, which, at its maximum, is anorexia-cachexia syndrome, is the direct cause of the patient’s death. The progression of the tumor process is always accompanied by a violation of nutritional status, which is manifested in changes in weight, weakness, decreased physical activity, and disorders of the digestive system. It is estimated that about half of cancer-related deaths can be prevented, many of which are due to diet and lifestyle. Dietary factors can be involved in the initiation of tumor growth (carcinogens), promote growth, or have protective activity against the development of cancer. Therefore, nutritional support is one of the important components of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of cancer. Based on the analysis of the literature, the main tasks of nutritional support, indications, methods and criteria for the effectiveness of therapeutic nutrition are determined for the practitioner, a brief overview of the diets that are used by cancer patients is presented, and a list of anticarcinogenic products is compiled. Key words: anticarcinogenic products, diet, nutritional support, cancer patient, cancer prevention, nutrition.

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Overexpression of microRNA-21 in the Serum of Breast Cancer Patients

MicroRNA ◽

10.2174/2211536608666190318105757 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

Batool Savari ◽

Sohrab Boozarpour ◽

Maryam Tahmasebi-Birgani ◽

Hossein Sabouri ◽

Seyed Mohammad Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Tumor Grade ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Polymerase Chain

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. So it seems that there's a good chance of recovery if it's detected in its early stages even before the appearances of symptoms. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role during cancer progression. These transcripts can be tracked in liquid samples to reveal if cancer exists, for earlier treatment. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been shown to be a key regulator of carcinogenesis, and breast tumor is no exception. Objective: The present study was aimed to track the miR-21 expression level in serum of the breast cancer patients in comparison with that of normal counterparts. Methods: Comparative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the levels of expression of miR-21 in the serum samples of 57 participants from which, 42 were the patients with breast cancer including pre-surgery patients (n = 30) and post-surgery patients (n = 12), and the others were the healthy controls (n = 15). Results: MiR-21 was significantly over expressed in the serum of breast cancer patients as compared with healthy controls (P = 0.002). A significant decrease was also observed following tumor resection (P < 0.0001). Moreover, it was found that miR-21 overexpression level was significantly associated with tumor grade (P = 0.004). Conclusion: These findings suggest that miR-21 has the potential to be used as a novel breast cancer biomarker for early detection and prognosis, although further experiments are needed.

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Immunometabolic Status of COVID-19 Cancer Patients

Physiological Reviews ◽

10.1152/physrev.00018.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 1839-1850

Author(s):

A. Sica ◽

M. P. Colombo ◽

A. Trama ◽

L. Horn ◽

M. C. Garassino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Macrophage Activation ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Case Series ◽

The United States ◽

Alternative Activation ◽

Nad Metabolism ◽

Increased Risk

Cancer patients appear to be more likely to be diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is supported by the understanding of immunometabolic pathways that intersect patients with infection and cancer. However, data derived by case series and retrospective studies do not offer a coherent interpretation, since data from China suggest an increased risk of COVID-19, while data from the United States and Italy show a prevalence of COVID-19 in cancer patients comparable with the general population. Noteworthy, cancer and COVID-19 exploit distinct patterns of macrophage activation that promote disease progression in the most severe forms. In particular, the alternative activation of M2-polarized macrophages plays a crucial role in cancer progression. In contrast, the macrophage-activation syndrome appears as the source of M1-related cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 disease, thus indicating macrophages as a source of distinct inflammatory states in the two diseases, nonetheless as a common therapeutic target. New evidence indicates that NAMPT/NAD metabolism can direct both innate immune cell effector functions and the homeostatic robustness, in both cancer and infection. Moreover, a bidirectional relationship exists between the metabolism of NAD and the protective role that angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the COVID-19 receptor, can play against hyperinflammation. Within this immunometabolic framework, the review considers possible interference mechanisms that viral infections and tumors elicit on therapies and provides an overview for the management of patients with cancer affected by COVID-19, particularly for the balance of risk and benefit when planning normally routine cancer treatments and follow-up appointments.

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Cyst(e)ine in nutrition formulation promotes colon cancer growth and chemoresistance by activating mTORC1 and scavenging ROS

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy ◽

10.1038/s41392-021-00581-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jiao Wu ◽

Sai-Ching Jim Yeung ◽

Sicheng Liu ◽

Aiham Qdaisat ◽

Dewei Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patient ◽

Nutrition Support ◽

Immunodeficient Mice ◽

The Impact

AbstractWeight loss and cachexia are common problems in colorectal cancer patients; thus, parenteral and enteral nutrition support play important roles in cancer care. However, the impact of nonessential amino acid components of nutritional intake on cancer progression has not been fully studied. In this study, we discovered that gastrointestinal cancer patients who received cysteine as part of the parenteral nutrition had shorter overall survival (P < 0.001) than those who did not. Cystine indeed robustly promotes colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in immunodeficient mice, predominately by inhibiting SESN2 transcription via the GCN2-ATF4 axis, resulting in mTORC1 activation. mTORC1 inhibitors Rapamycin and Everolimus block cystine-induced cancer cell proliferation. In addition, cystine confers resistance to oxaliplatin and irinotecan chemotherapy by quenching chemotherapy-induced reactive oxygen species via synthesizing glutathione. We demonstrated that dietary deprivation of cystine suppressed colon cancer xenograft growth without weight loss in mice and boosted the antitumor effect of oxaliplatin. These findings indicate that cyst(e)ine, as part of supplemental nutrition, plays an important role in colorectal cancer and manipulation of cyst(e)ine content in nutritional formulations may optimize colorectal cancer patient survival.

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Prediction of cancer progression in a group of 73 gastric cancer patients by circulating cell-free DNA

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-016-2977-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Wang-Yang Pu ◽

Rong Zhang ◽

Li Xiao ◽

Yong-You Wu ◽

Wei Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Cell Free Dna ◽

Free Dna ◽

Gastric Cancer Patients ◽

Circulating Cell Free Dna

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Competing Causes of Death in Breast Cancer Patients

Fundamental Problems in Breast Cancer ◽

10.1007/978-1-4613-2049-4_31 ◽

1987 ◽

pp. 265-272

Author(s):

Maria Koch ◽

John Hanson ◽

Herta Gaedke ◽

Diane Wilson

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Competing Causes

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Exploring Hyperoxia Effects in Cancer—From Perioperative Clinical Data to Potential Molecular Mechanisms

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9091213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1213

Author(s):

Anca Irina Ristescu ◽

Crina Elena Tiron ◽

Adrian Tiron ◽

Ioana Grigoras

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Cancer Biology ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Perioperative Period ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Oncological Treatment

Increased inspiratory oxygen concentration is constantly used during the perioperative period of cancer patients to prevent the potential development of hypoxemia and to provide an adequate oxygen transport to the organs, tissues and cells. Although the primary tumours are surgically removed, the effects of perioperative hyperoxia exposure on distal micro-metastases and on circulating cancer cells can potentially play a role in cancer progression or recurrence. In clinical trials, hyperoxia seems to increase the rate of postoperative complications and, by delaying postoperative recovery, it can alter the return to intended oncological treatment. The effects of supplemental oxygen on the long-term mortality of surgical cancer patients offer, at this point, conflicting results. In experimental studies, hyperoxia effects on cancer biology were explored following multiple pathways. In cancer cell cultures and animal models, hyperoxia increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases the oxidative stress. These can be followed by the induction of the expression of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other molecules involved in angiogenesis and by the promotion of various degrees of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).

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Blood cytokine analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a sustained tumour promoting environment in cancer patients

10.1101/2021.10.29.21265511 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fien HR De Winter ◽

An Hotterbeekx ◽

Manon Huizing ◽

Angelina Konnova ◽

Erik Fransen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Haematological Malignancy ◽

Control Group ◽

Haematological Malignancies ◽

Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽

Cytokine Analysis ◽

Care Workers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Infected Control Group

Cytokines, chemokines and (angiogenic) growth factors (CCGs) have been shown to play an intricate role in the progression of both solid and haematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to worse outcome in cancer patients, especially in haematological malignancy patients. Here, we investigated how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts the already altered CCG levels in solid or haematological malignancies, specifically whether there is a protective effect or rather a potentially higher risk for major COVID-19 complications in cancer patients due to elevated CCGs linked to cancer progression. Serially analysing immune responses with 55 CCGs in cancer patients under active treatment with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection, we first showed that cancer patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=54) demonstrate elevated levels of 35 CCGs compared to the non-cancer, non-infected control group of health care workers (n=42). Of the 35 CCGs, 19 were common to both solid and haematological malignancy groups and comprised previously described cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1Ra, IL-17A, and VEGF, but also several less well described cytokines/chemokines such as Fractalkine, Tie-2, and T cell chemokine CTACK. Importantly, we show here that 7 CCGs are significantly altered in SARS-CoV-2 exposed cancer patients (n=52). Of these TNF-α, IFN-β, TSLP and sVCAM-1, identified to be elevated in haematological cancers, are also known tumour-promoting factors. Longitudinal analysis conducted over 3 months showed persistence of several tumour-promoting CCGs in SARS-CoV-2 exposed cancer patients. These data urge for increased vigilance for haematological malignancy patients as a part of long COVID follow-up.

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Targeting CD82/KAI1 for Precision Therapeutics in Surmounting Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13174486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 4486

Author(s):

Maximillian Viera ◽

George Wai Cheong Yip ◽

Han-Ming Shen ◽

Gyeong Hun Baeg ◽

Boon Huat Bay

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Therapeutic Approach ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Great Promise ◽

Metastasis Suppressor ◽

Precision Oncology ◽

Breast Cancer Patients

Metastasis is the main cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. There is an unmet need to develop therapies that can impede metastatic spread. Precision oncology has shown great promise for the treatment of cancers, as the therapeutic approach is tailored to a specific group of patients who are likely to benefit from the treatment, rather than the traditional approach of “one size fits all”. CD82, also known as KAI1, a glycoprotein belonging to the tetraspanin family and an established metastasis suppressor, could potentially be exploited to hinder metastases in breast cancer. This review explores the prospect of targeting CD82 as an innovative therapeutic approach in precision medicine for breast cancer patients, with the goal of preventing cancer progression and metastasis. Such an approach would entail the selection of a subset of breast cancer patients with low levels of CD82, and instituting an appropriate treatment scheme tailored towards restoring the levels of CD82 in this group of patients. Proposed precision treatment regimens include current modalities of treating breast cancer, in combination with either clinically approved drugs that could restore the levels of CD82, CD82 peptide mimics or non-coding RNA-based therapeutics.

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Characterization of Proteins Regulated by Androgen and Protein Kinase a Signaling in VCaP Prostate Cancer Cells

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9101404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1404

Author(s):

Hye-Jin You ◽

Byong-Chul You ◽

Jong-Kwang Kim ◽

Jae-Min Park ◽

Bo-Seul Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Protein Kinase A ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽

Normal Prostate ◽

Prostate Cancer Development ◽

Kinase A

Androgen signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) is involved in normal prostate development and prostate cancer progression. In addition to androgen binding, a variety of protein kinases, including cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), can activate the AR. Although hormone deprivation, especially that of androgen, continues to be an important strategy for treating prostate cancer patients, the disease ultimately progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), despite a continuous hormone-deprived environment. To date, it remains unclear which pathways in this progression are active and targetable. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis of VCaP cells stimulated with androgen or forskolin to identify proteins specific for androgen-induced and androgen-bypassing signaling, respectively. Patterns of differentially expressed proteins were quantified, and eight proteins showing significant changes in expression were identified. Functional information, including a Gene Ontology analysis, revealed that most of these proteins are involved in metabolic processes and are associated with cancer. The mRNA and protein expression of selected proteins was validated, and functional correlations of identified proteins with signaling in VCaP cells were assessed by measuring metabolites related to each enzyme. These analyses offered new clues regarding effector molecules involved in prostate cancer development, insights that are supported by the demonstration of increased expression levels of the eight identified proteins in prostate cancer patients and assessments of the progression-free interval. Taken together, our findings show that aberrant levels of eight proteins reflect molecular changes that are significantly regulated by androgen and/or PKA signaling pathways, suggesting possible molecular mechanisms of CRPC.

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