Pemanfaatan Isi Rumen Sapi yang Difermentasikan dengan Bakteri Bacillus pumilus terhadap Kandungan Klorofil pada Kultur Dunaliella salina [Use of Content Cow Rumen Fermented With Bacillus pumilus Bacterial Chlorophyll Content On The Culture Dunaliella salina]

Abstract Dunaliella salina is one type of natural food that can be used in an attempt pembeniha rumen contents of cows is one of the waste obtained from the abattoir which is rich in nutrients. Synthesis of chlorophyll a and b require N and P. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and the best dose utilization of rumen contents of cows and Bacillus pumilus in the culture of Dunaliella salina in chlorophyll content. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) followed by Duncan multiple range test. Treatment research Dunaliella salina was cultured in 500 mL glass bottle with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Culture medium used was sea water that has salinity 30 ppt as much as 0.5 liters of rumen fluid is added 0.5 ml of solution that has been fermented with Bacillus pumilus in accordance with the treatment dose. The results showed that the use of fermenter bacteria Bacillus pumilus in cow rumen contents effect on chlorophyll content and dose fermenter rumen bacterium Bacillus pumilus in cattle that give the best chlorophyll content in Dunaliella salina culture fermentation is the dose intreatment C (7.5 % dose fermentation) reached 0.715653211aìmolchl/cell on the first day.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Bakteri Bacillus pumilus pada kotoran Sapi Sebagai Pupuk terhadap Jumlah Kandungan Klorofil Dunaliella salina [The Effect of Bacteria Bacillus pumilus In Cow Dung As Fertilizer to Total Chlorophyll Dunaliella salina]

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v3i1.11622 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Endang Dewi Masithah, Nuansa Adharia Ningrum, Setiawati Sigit

Keyword(s):

Dunaliella Salina ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Bacillus Pumilus ◽

Natural Food ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Glass Bottle ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fermentation Control ◽

Completely Randomized Design

AbstractDunaliella salina is one type of natural food used in the hatchery business. Production stability D. salina with an abundance of nutrients can be supported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and how many doses of the bacteria Bacillus pumilus best fermented in cow dung as fertilizer in increasing the population of D. salina. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Education Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Fisheries, Airlangga University Surabaya. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) is followed by Duncan test. D. salina was cultured in 250 mL glass bottle with 5 treatments (2 treatments as a control) and four replications. Culture medium used contained 10 ppm cow dung. The concentration of cow manure are given in the study, namely A (12.5% Bacillus pumilus), B (10% Bacillus pumilus), C (7.5% Bacillus pumilus), control 1 (without fermentation), control 2 (fertilizer Walne). The results showed that the addition of Bacillus pumilus on cow dung that were cultured in culture medium D. salina can increase the amount of chlorophyll content of D. salina. Addition of Bacillus pumilus by 10% in the culture medium to produce the amount of chlorophyll-a D. salina high of 0.014055 µg/mL and chlorophyll-b of 0.009657142 µg/mL on the first day.

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STUDY AND CHARACTERIZATION GROWTH OF FOUR MICROALGAE SPECIES AND TEST ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Jurnal Zarah ◽

10.31629/zarah.v6i2.625 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Marniati Salim

Keyword(s):

Dunaliella Salina ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Sea Water ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽

Inhibitory Zone ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Microalgae Biomass ◽

Chaetoceros Calcitrans

Abstract In this study to the growth characteristics of microalgae (Dunaliella salina, Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetrasel mis chuii & Chaetoceros calcitrans), in different mediums, namely Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM) and BBM modification of sea water. The results obtained from microalgae (N.oculata, T.chuii, C.calcitrans) are better grown on BBM media while microlaga D.salina grows well on BBM modification of sea water. Microalgae biomass is extracted by maceration method in hexane and methanol solvents. Test bacteria used gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli). Inhibitory zone diameter results were compared with antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). From the results of microalgae hexane and methanol extract antibacterial activity tests (D.salina, N.oculata, T.chuii, C.calcitrans) showed that the extract was not too sensitive to inhibit bacterial growth. Keywords: microalgae, medium, antimicrobial

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Effects of 1-MCP on External Postharvest Qualities and Shelf Life of ‘Maha Chanok’ Mango Fruit

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n1p68 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

B. Chutichudet ◽

Prasit Chutichudet ◽

Usana Trainoak

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Storage Life ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Mango Fruit ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fruit Decay ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

And Storage

‘Maha Chanok’ mango is an economic fruit crop widely cultivated commercially throughout Thailand. By nature, mango fruit has a rather limited storage life after harvest. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been accepted as a commercial substance to improve several fruit qualities. The objective of this research was to study the effects of 1-MCP on the external postharvest qualities and storage life on the ‘Maha Chanok’ mango fruit. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates, ten fruits per replicate. Mango fruit was fumigated with 1-MCP at three concentrations (1000, 1250, or 1500 nl l-1) and three fumigation periods (12, 18, or 24 h), compared with the control fruit. After treating, all treatments were stored under ambient temperature (27 °C, 80%R.H.). The following determinations were made every two days for assessment of fruit weight loss, firmness, chlorophyll content, decay incidence, and storage life. The results showed that fruit treated with 1500 nl l-1 1-MCP for 24 h had the maximal fruit firmness. For chlorophyll content, the results showed that fruit-treated with 1500 nl l-1 1-MCP for 12 h could effectively retain the highest chlorophyll contents. Furthermore, both the lowest fruit decay and the longest storage life of 12 days were achieved from the fruit treated with 1000 nl l-1 1-MCP for 12 h.

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Efficiency of portable chlorophyll meters in assessing the nutritional status of wheat plants

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n12p1148-1151 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 1148-1151 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alessana F. Schlichting ◽

Edna M. Bonfim-Silva ◽

Matheus de C. Silva ◽

William Pietro-Souza ◽

Tonny J. A. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Direct Determination ◽

Probability Level ◽

Indirect Determination ◽

N Concentration ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Chlorophyll Index ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of two portable chlorophyll meters (Minolta SPAD® 502 and Falker ClorofiLOG® 1030) in assessing the nutritional status of wheat plants, correlating the indices from the devices and the direct determination of chlorophyll content with the concentration of nitrogen (N) in the plant. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in pots with 5 dm3 of Oxisol, in a completely randomized design, with six N doses (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 mg dm-3) and five replicates. At 47 days after emergence, the readings of SPAD and Falker indices and the quantification of chlorophyll content and N concentration in wheat plants were performed, as well as analysis of variance and correlation test, both at 0.05 probability level. The chlorophyll meters Minolta SPAD® 502 and Falker ClorofiLOG® 1030 do not differ with respect to the indirect determination of chlorophyll in wheat plants. The Falker chlorophyll index was statistically equal to the chlorophyll content. Indirect chlorophyll indices and chlorophyll content showed a high correlation with the N concentration in the plant.

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Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll Content in Flush as Selection Markers on Fine Flavor Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i3.244 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 171-180

Author(s):

Indah Anita Sari ◽

Sobir . ◽

Irvan Faizal ◽

Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽

Marcelinus A.S ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Orthogonal Contrasts ◽

Germplasm Collections ◽

A Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Munsell Color Chart ◽

Theobroma Cacao L ◽

Selection Markers

Level of anthocyanin content in flush is different between fine flavor cocoa and bulk cocoa. This study was aimed to determine the potential of anthocyanin and chlorophyll content in flush as one of the selection indicator for fine flavor cocoa. Flush sampling was carried out at Cocoa Germplasm Collections in Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, while anthocyanin and chlorophyll analysis was conducted at Laboratory of Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Ma Chung University, Malang.The research utilized a completely randomized design consisted of four genotypes of fine flavor cocoa, namely DR 2, ICCRI 02, DRC 16, PNT 16 and five genotypes of bulk cocoa, namely Sulawesi 1, MCC 01, MCC 02, KW 617 and PA 191.Each treatment was repeated three times. Anthocyanin and chlorophyll content in flush was measured. Anthocyanin analysis was done by destructive methods, while flush color was observed based on Munsell Color Chart for Plant Tissues Data analysis used orthogonal contrast, multivariate and simple correlation. The results showed that there were differences in flush color on fine flavor cocoa and that of bulk cocoa. The flush of the fine flavor cocoa had a tendency towards yellow and that of bulk cocoa had a tendency toward red with different levels of variation among genotypes. The analysis results of chlorophyll content in flush showed that chlorophyll content of fine flavor cocoa was higher than bulk cocoa with a range of 2376-3692 µmol/L for fine flavor cocoa and 1567-2628 µmol/L for bulk cocoa. On the contrary, anthocyanin content in fine flavor cocoa was lower than bulk cocoa with a range of 3.82-5.72 µmol/L for fine flavor cocoa and 6.01-11.88 µmol/L for bulk cocoa. The analysis results of orthogonal contrasts showed that chlorophyll content value was more stable than anthocyanin. There was negative relationship between anthocyanin and chlorophyll in flush with the regression Y = -221,1X + 3935 with a value of correlation r = -0.50. The anthocyanin and chlorophyll content in flush had a potential to be used as selection markers for fine flavor cocoa hybrid

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Antioxidant gene expression, chlorophyll, and starch content in Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka Ex Q. Jiménez) trees with HLB by application of elicitors of plant resistance

Mexican Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.29267/mxjb.2021.6.2.86 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 86-102

Author(s):

Felipe Roberto Flores-de la Rosa ◽

◽

Ricardo Santillán-Mendoza ◽

Cynthia Guadalupe Rodríguez-Quibrera ◽

Antonio Martínez-Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Starch Content ◽

Starch Accumulation ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Antioxidant Genes ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Total Chlorophyll Content ◽

Randomized Design

Persian lime is economically important for Mexico. However, the disease known as Huanglongbing (HLB) causes chlorosis symptoms in the foliage that affect the growth and decreases the yield of the trees. The expression of chlorosis symptoms is associated with starch accumulation and inhibition of antioxidant activity. The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of the application of three resistance elicitors on the expression of three antioxidant genes and on starch and chlorophyll content in Persian lime trees with HLB. Salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were applied every eight days for nine weeks using a completely randomized design and a one-way ANOVA was performed for the analysis. Expression of APX, CAT and SOD genes was quantified at week nine at four different times. Starch and total chlorophyll content was estimated every three weeks by spectrophotometric methods. The application of the elicitors significantly increased the expression of the three genes, with SA and GABA generating the greatest increase at different times of application. No difference was found in starch and total chlorophyll content at most of the times evaluated. The use of resistance elicitors is promising in the management of HLB in plots already infected, seeking to extend the productive life of the orchards and thus counteract the economic losses caused by HLB.

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EFFECT OF CRUDE PALM OIL PROTECTION WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON HYDROGENATION OF RUMEN FLUID UNSATURATED FATTY ACID: ITS EFFECT ON BLOOD AND MEAT FATTY ACID

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.21297 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 142-148

Author(s):

Nafly C. Tiven ◽

Lies Mira Yusiati ◽

Rusman Rusman ◽

Umar Santoso

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Range Test ◽

Basal Ration

This research aimed to determine the effect of crude palm oil protected with formaldehyde on the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and its effect on blood and meat fatty acids. Fifteenth local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups ration treatment. The first group received only the basal ration (R0), the 2nd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO (R1), while the 3rd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO protected with 2% formaldehyde (R2). Basal feed consisted of 60% grass, 30% bran and 10% soybean meal, with the nutrient content of 62.98% TDN, 45.5% DM, 14.48% CP, 4.70% EE and 21.93% CF. Parameters observed were the fatty acid from rumen fluid, blood and meat of sheep. Data were analyzed by complete randomized design direction patterns. Differences between treatments were tested further using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that treatment of R2 can increase unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, blood and meat (P

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Production and Nutrient Accumulation of Common Bean Cultivars under Competition with Weed

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

C.G. COELHO ◽

L.P. DALVI ◽

L.S.G. OLIVEIRA ◽

F.L. OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Crop Cycle ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Improper management of weeds is one of the causes of low bean yield, as it is very susceptible to interference due to their slow initial growth. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dayflower on grain yield and nutrient accumulation of bean cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a screened house, in 5 L pots, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. Factor 1 corresponded to the presence or absence of weeds, and factor 2 bean cultivars: BRS Pontal, BRS Agreste, BRS Ametista and BRS Estilo. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The coexistence of bean and weed was maintained throughout the crop cycle. Chlorophyll content, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, nutrients contents (N - nitrogen, P - phosphorus, K - potassium, Ca - calcium, Mg - magnesium, Mn - manganese, Fe - iron and Zn - zinc) in grains were evaluated. Competition with weeds negatively influenced chlorophyll content, number of pods, yield and N content in grains. The interaction was significant to P, Mg and Fe contents in grains, demonstrating that competition with weeds may impair allocation of these nutrients, resulting in grains of inferior nutritional quality. The cultivar BRS Agreste was more efficient to accumulate P and Mg in grains in competition with dayflower.

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PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger kanagurta) DENGAN SAYUR GONDA (Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertner) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BAKSO

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) ◽

10.24843/itepa.2020.v09.i04.p07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 426

Author(s):

Brogina Mayank Dini ◽

Luh Putu Trisna Darmayanti ◽

I Ketut Suter

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Protein Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Fat Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Carbohydrate Content ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Total Chlorophyll Content ◽

Randomized Design

This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of comparison of mackerel with gonda vegetable on meatballs characteristics and get a comparison of mackerel with specific gonda vegetable that can produce meatballs with the best characteristics. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatment that is the comparison of mackerel with gonda vegetable consisting of 6 levels: 100%: 0%; 95%: 5%; 90%: 10%; 85%: 15%; 80%: 20%; 75%: 25%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that obtained 18 units. The data is then analyzed by analysis of variance and if the treatment influences the proposed variable then it is continued by Duncan. The results showed that the comparison of mackerel and gonda vegetable had a very significant effect on water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant capacity, color (scoring), texture, aroma, overall acceptance and no significant effect for texture, aroma and taste. Comparison of 80% mackerel and 20% gonda vegetables had the best characteristics, with 62.99% water content, 1.56% ash content, 1.28% fat content, 8.75% protein content, 25.43% carbohydrate content, 18.39% total chlorophyll content, antioxidant capacity 25.63%. Sensory properties obtained are color (rather green, rather like), texture (rather like), flavor (liked) and overall acceptance (like).

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THE POTENTIAL OF MATURE PANDAN LEAVES AS A SOURCE OF CHLOROPHYLL FOR NATURAL FOOD COLORANTS

Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan ◽

10.6066/jtip.2020.31.2.127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 127-137

Author(s):

Chatarina Lilis Suryani ◽

◽

Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih ◽

Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽

Umar Santoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Primary Source ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Natural Food ◽

Food Colorants ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Leaf Maturity ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Natural Colorants ◽

Four Levels

Plant leaves are the primary source of natural colorants for food, mainly due to their chlorophyll content. However, the plant types and the degree of leaf maturity determine the quality and quantity of the chlorophyll. This study aimed to determine the best maturity level of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) leaves that serves as potential source of chlorophyll for natural food colorants. Eighty three pandan plants obtained from six different farming locations in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia were used as samples. The leaves were grouped into four levels of maturity using descriptive statistics based on their morphology, anatomy, color, and chlorophyll contents. The results showed that the average number of leaves ranged from 20-24 leaves per plant (at 95% confidence interval), and 96.4% of the plant had a maximum of 24 leaves. The leaf maturity was grouped into (1) young, (2) medium, (3) mature, and (4) over mature, corresponding to leaf number 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, and 19-24, respectively. The higher the leaf maturity, the higher the chlorophyll content. However, the over mature leaves were only slightly different from the mature ones. In addition, pandan leaves have specific flavor and contain carotenoid, phenolic, and flavonoid substances. Anatomically, the mesophyll’s size was greatest in the mature leaves, while the size of chloroplast was not significantly different from medium to over mature leaves. Based on the chlorophyll content and mesophyll size, it was concluded that mature pandan leaves were the best source of chlorophyll, containing chlorophyll of 623.08 mg/100 g dry weight (DW).

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