scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Sargassum sp. dengan Pelarut Metanol pada Pakan terhadap Jumlah Eritrosit dan Differensial Leukosit Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) [Effect Of Extract Sargassum sp. with Methanol Solvent in Feed on Erythrocythes and Differential Leucocythes of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Firly Waliani Rahma ◽  
Gunanti Mahasri ◽  
Laksmi Surmartiwi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
The Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
A Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Monocytes And Lymphocytes ◽  
Successful Production

Abstract The main obstacles in successful production is the attack of a disease. Preventive measures in reducing disease one of them is by means an increase in immunity the body of fish use natural compound (Parelberg et al., 2005). One of the natural compound that can be used as obtaining the immune system fish are the vitamin C, iodine, tannin (Bachtiar, dkk., 2012) and polysaccharides and derivatives as fucoidan. (Castro et. al., 2006) which is in Sargassum sp. With the provision of extract Sargassum sp. in feed is expected to optimize the number of erythrocytes and differensial leukocytes (number of neutrophils , monocytes and lymphocytes) at african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) so that it may optimize immunity the body of fish (Brown, 2000). The result of the observation of the blood of fish test is the use of extract Sargassum sp. wich get mixed in feed with doses 5, 10 and 15 g/kilogram feed during 21 days impact on the number of erythrocytes and prosentase lymphocytes blood catfishes. In doses C (15 g extract/ kilogram feed) put a value erythrocytes highest in day 21 namely 16.84 ± 1.56 x 105 cells/mm3, and give prosentase lymphocytes highest in day 21 than those wich others are 86.00 ± 3.81 %. But in a post test, B and C not seen the real difference between treatment. While for statistics the addition of extract not indicates the influence of real to the percentage neutrophils and monocytes of the blood fish. So that it can be said that addition extract Sargassum sp. with doses 15 g extract/kilogram feed give the effectiveness of the optimal response immune system than second doses other.

EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L) SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI PADA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariephinus) SEGAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Dyah Anggraeni ◽  
Nurlela Nurlela
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Natural Preservatives ◽  
Colony Counter

Background: Natural preservatives are compounds produced by natural ingredients that can suppress bacterial growth and development. Natural preservatives are carried out because most of the preservatives circulating are chemicals and unsafe for the body. One of the natural preservatives is by using garlic extract (Allium sativum L).  Objective: This study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of the antibacterial garlic (Allium sativum L) as a natural preservative in fresh African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).  Method: This research used the Pour Plate iroculation method. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) which is soaked with garlic (Allium sativum L) with a concentration of 7%, 14% and 21% for 30 minutes, then the fish will be kept at room temperature with a storage period of 24 hours and 48 hours and calculated growth in bacterial numbers with the Colony counter.  Result: Based on the research result, it was found that garlic extract (Allium sativum L) can obstruct the effectiveness of antibacterial in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at a concentration of 14%.

scholarly journals Dietary canitine maintains energy reserves and delays fatigue of exercised african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed high fat diets

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ozório ◽  
Vincent Van Ginneken ◽  
Guido van den Thillart ◽  
Martin Verstegen ◽  
Johan Verreth
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Level ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
The Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Lipids, together with proteins, are traditionally considered as primary fuels during aerobic swimming. The effects of dietary fat and carnitine supplements and exercise on the energy metabolism of juvenile fish were investigated. One hundred African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were fed four isonitrogenous diets containing a fat level of 100 or 190 g kg-1 diet and one of the two levels of carnitine (15 and 1000 mg kg-1). Fish grew from 61 to 162 g in 10 wk. Thereafter, 6 fish per group swam vigorously for 3 h and the results were compared with unexercised groups. Fish receiving 1,000 mg carnitine accumulated 2- to 3-fold more carnitine than fish receiving 15 mg carnitine. Plasma acyl-carnitine level was affected by an interaction between dietary treatment and exercise (P < 0.05). Adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine concentrations were higher in the white muscle (WM) of exercised fish fed the high-carnitine supplements, compared with the low-carnitine fed fish (P < 0.05). Adenilate energy charge indexes were higher and ammonia concentrations were lower in WM of fish fed high-carnitine and high-fat diets. Dietary carnitine supplements may be needed in growing fish when dietary lipid level is high. In that case extra dietary carnitine can maintain the body energy reserves at adequate level when fish is exposed to a short-term, exhaustive exercise, a physiologic stress common both in nature and in intensive aquaculture systems.

scholarly journals Testicular Morphology and Sperm Motility in Cultured African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at Different Stages of Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie Nwabuisi OKOYE ◽  
Udensi Maduabuchi IGWEBUIKE ◽  
Anietie Francis UDOUMOH ◽  
Chinadindu Tochukwu OKEREKE
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Testicular Morphology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Somatic Index

Testicular morphology and sperm motility were evaluated in cultured Clarias gariepinus (n = 25) purposively assigned to five groups according to their age. The results showed that the testes were paired, elongated, dorso-ventrally flattened structures, situated in the caudal aspects of the body cavity. The mean length of both right and left testes increased linearly with age, being significantly (p < 0.05) higher at 6 months than at 4 and 5 months of age, and also significantly (p < 0.05) higher at 8 months than at 6 months of age, while the mean weight and organo-somatic index of the catfish testes increased linearly until 6 months of age, after which no significant (p > 0.05) increase in the testicular weight and organo-somatic index was observed. Unidirectional progressive movement of spermatozoa was detected in the milt of C. gariepinus at 6, 7 and 8 months of age, but sperm cells were non-motile at 4 and 5 months of age. Histological sections showed seminiferous lobules, whose germinal epithelia were characterized by many cysts enclosing clones of sperm cells. Each cyst enclosed a clone of sperm cells at an identical stage of spermatogenesis. Spermatids and spermatozoa were present in the lumen of the seminiferous lobule. The obtained results indicate that the morphology of the testes of C. gariepinus is similar to the testes of members of the order Siluriformes, but sexual maturity and production of motile spermatozoa may be achieved at 6 months of age in the African catfish.

scholarly journals The application of [D-Tle6,ProNHEt9]mGnRH (Lecirelin) with the dopaminergic inhibitor metoclopramide to stimulate ovulation in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brzuska ◽  
J. Kouřil ◽  
J. Adamek ◽  
Z. Stupka ◽  
V. Bekh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
The Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Average Body Weight ◽  
Pituitary Homogenate

The results of reproduction were tested in females of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) after stimulation of ovulation with carp pituitary (4 mg/kg body weight) or with Lecirelin (15 &mu;g/kg) and metoclopramide (10 mg/kg). After administering the synthetic substance eggs were obtained from all females while in the group treated with pituitary homogenate 7 out of 8 hypophysed females spawned. The applied spawning agent did not significantly influence the weight of eggs expressed in grams, but in the case of females treated with carp pituitary homogenate a significantly higher weight of eggs expressed as the percentage of body weight of fish was recorded. The applied stimulators of ovulation did not affect any trait reflecting the quality of eggs. Females used as an experimental material belonged to two categories in respect of body weight: lighter females with average body weight of 2.63 &plusmn; 0.36 kg and heavier females with average body weight of 3.91 &plusmn; 0.48 kg. It was proved that the weight of eggs expressed either in grams or as a percentage of a female&rsquo;s weight was significantly related to the body weight of a female (P &le; 0.01 and P &le; 0.05, respectively), as well as the percentage of fertilised eggs and the percentage of living embryos after 28 hours of incubation (P &le; 0.05 and P &le; 0.05, respectively). The interaction between the stimulator of ovulation and the female body weight was significant only for traits reflecting the weight of obtained eggs (P &le; 0.05 and P &le; 0.01). &nbsp;

Effect of Clarias gariepinus cultured in contaminated water on rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 759-764
Author(s):  
Oyeyemi Adeyemi ◽  
Olalekan Adeyemi ◽  
Chris C Osubor
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Wistar Strain

In this study, African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were cultured in water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane (10 μg/mL), respectively, over a period of 65 days. They were, thereafter, used as protein source to formulate feed for albino rats (Wistar strain) for 28 days. The weights of the body and selected tissues of the rats were monitored and standard enzyme assays were conducted for some enzymes in the serum. Results showed that rats in cyclohexane group gained 58% whereas the control group gained 46% of body weight. Liver weight (absolute and relative) of test rats were found to be significantly lower than that of control (p < .05). Enzyme activity of serum of test rats was found to be significantly higher than that of control (p < .05). Experimental evidence suggests leakage of enzymes from the liver to the serum, thus the elevated serum enzyme activity and that the contaminants may damage the liver.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Glutamin pada Kemampuan Fagositosis Makrofag terhadap Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daslina Daslina ◽  
Eryati Darwin ◽  
Aziz Djamal
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

Abstrak Pseudomonas aeruginosa adalah bakteri penyebab infeksi terbanyak yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Glutamin adalah asam amino yang terdapat dalam tubuh yang salah satu fungsinya dapat memodulasi imunitas tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi glutamin dalam meningkatkan kemampuan sistem imun terhadap infeksi P. aeruginosa. Penelitian eksperimental dengan post test only control group design telah dilakukan terhadap 24 ekor mencit usia 6-8 minggu dengan berat 30 gr. Mencit dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok, yaitu kontrol (K) danperlakuan (P) yang diberi glutamin dengan dosis 30 mg/kg/hari selama 14 hari. Isolasi makrofag peritoneum mencit dilakukan pada hari ke-15 dan dilakukan uji fagositosis menggunakan latex dan bakteri P. aeruginosa. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase makrofag aktif terhadap latex dan P. aeruginosa. Hasil pengamatan dan analisisstatistik menggunakan metode t-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kontrol dan perlakuan (p<0.05). Persentase makrofag aktif terhadap latex adalah 0,63 ± 0,058 (K) dan 0,84 ± 0,04 (P), sedangkan terhadap P. aeruginosa adalah 0,56± 0,07 (K) dan 0,80± 0,03 (P). Terlihat bahwa angka persentase fagositosis terhadap P.aeruginosa lebih kecil karena adanya kemampuan bakteri untuk menghadapi makrofag dibandingkan latex. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa asam amino non-esensial glutamin memiliki pengaruh untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sistem imun tubuh. Kata kunci: glutamin, fagositosis makrofag, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common cause of bacterial infections that are resistant to antibiotics. Glutamine is an amino acid  in the body that able to modulate the body's immune function. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of glutamine in enhancing the ability of the immune system against infection of P.aeruginosa. Experimental research with post test only control group design was conducted on 24 male minutes 6-8 weeks of age weighing 30 grams. Mice were divided into two groups: control (K) and treatment (P) are given glutamine at a dose of 30 mg / kg / day for 14 days. Isolation of peritoneal macrophages of mice performed on day-15 and testedusing latex and bacterial phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa. Observations were made of the percentage of activated macrophages toward latex and P. aeruginosa. The observation result and statistical analysis using t -test showed a significant difference between the control and treatment (p <0.05). The percentage of active macrophages to latex was0.63 ± 0.058 (K) and 0.84 ± 0.04 (P), while to P. aeruginosa is 0.56 ± 0.07 (K) and 0.80 ± 0.03 (P). That seein it percentage of phagocytosis against P. aeruginosa smaller than compared to latex. Because of the ability of bacteria to confront macrophages. The conclusion from this study is a non-essensial amino acid glutamine has the effect to increase the ability of the body's immune system. Keywords: glutamin, immunity phagocytosis macrophage, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Use of the Adaptogen Trekrezan in the Cultivation of African Catfish

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00176
Author(s):  
Elena Spirina ◽  
Elena Romanova ◽  
Ludmila Shadyeva ◽  
Vasily Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity

Growing fish in closed water supply installations with a high planting density leads to accumulation of waste products, turning the habitat into toxic. Growing fish in such an environment leads to stress and increases the stress on their liver, which provides the body with detoxification of metabolites. To reduce stress, adaptogens are used, which increase endurance and survival, increase adaptive plasticity, and strengthen the immunity of fish. We used an adaptogen called Trekrezan. The work aim was to study the morphofunctional changes in liver and its microarchitectonics in African catfish grown using Trekrezan. The analysis of morphofunctional changes in liver allows us to judge the general physiological state of fish body. The liver index of African catfish grown without the use of Trekrezan is significantly higher in both males and females, compared to African catfish grown with Trekrezan, which indicates an intensification of metabolism. Analysis of histological structure of African catfish liver (Clarias gariepinus), grown without the use of the Ttrekrezan, revealed abnormalities of the parenchymal layer of liver with signs of fatty dystrophy, signs of necrotic changes in liver cells, hemorrhages in vascular region, a violation of polarity in the structure of hepatocytes. In species raised in an environment with Trekrezan, these abnormalities are absent, since Trekrezan, due to the activation of cellular and humoral immunity, leads to decrease in intoxication, provides strengthening of immunity, and increases the body's resistance to unfavorable factors of medium.

scholarly journals Training Of Run Star For Agility Volleyball Athlete Junior High School 2 Denpasar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
I Gusti Putu Ngurah Adi Santika ◽  
I Putu Gede Adiatmika ◽  
Maryoto Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Running Training ◽  
Group Design ◽  
A Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Based on observations made both in the form of observing the game and measuring the physical components, it was found that the volleyball extracurricular participants at Junior Hight School Negeri 2 Denpasar still experienced problems in changing positions. Changes in positions made by players tend to be slow in responding to the arrival of the ball so that the ball that should have been well anticipated becomes points for the opponent. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of star running training on body agility. This research is an experimental study with experimental research design randomize pre and post test group design. The total number of samples in this study amounted to 26 people, divided into treatment and control groups. Based on the paired t-test, it was found that the mean difference of increasing body agility in the treatment group was 2.08 seconds with a value (p<0.05). From the discussion, it was found that star running training increased the body agility of volleyball athletes at SMP Negeri 2 Denpasar with an increase of 13.84% with a value (p <0.05).

scholarly journals Socialization of the Utilization of Seaweed and Diversification of Its Processes as Functional Food in an Effort to Increase the Immune System during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Warsidah ◽  
Dzul Fadly ◽  
Arman Amran
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Target Object ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Online Form

Seaweed or known as macroalgae, is one of the marine commodities with valuable economic potential for domestic and foreign markets. West Kalimantan, especially on Lemukutan Island, is one of the cultivation centers for Eucheuma cottoni and E.spinosum. The use of seaweed as a functional food in various kinds of preparations has not been implemented optimally. This PKM activity aims to socialize the use and consumption of seaweed and diversify its processing in an effort to improve the immune system, especially during the Covid19 pandemic. A total of 256 participants stated that they were ready to attend the webinar, which was delivered in an online form distributed by the organizing committee. Socialization activities are carried out online with the material presented related to seaweed and its various preparations and its function as food in improving health status through repair, restoration, or enhancement of the immune system, so it is very important to socialize consumption and utilize this food as a defense agent for the body during pandemic Covid19 or after. The results of the evaluation of PKM activities through the pretest and posttest shows that the participants' knowledge regarding the material presented has increased from 40-50% to 80-90%, for that it is still expected that there will be similar activities with a wider target object in West Kalimantan which can improve the welfare of society in general. Abstrak Rumput laut atau dikenal sebagai makroalga merupakan salah satu komoditas perairan laut yang memiliki potensi ekonomi yang sangat bernilai baik untuk pasaran domestic maupun pasaran mancanegara. Kalimantan Barat khususnya Pulau Lemukutan merupakan salah satu sentra budidaya  Eucheuma cottoni dan E.spinosum. Pemanfaatan rumput laut ini sebagai pangan fungsional dalam berbagai macam olahan belum dilaksanakan secara optimal. Kegiatan PKM ini bertujuan untuk memasyarakatkan pemanfaatan  dan konsumsi rumput laut serta diversifikasi olahannya dalam usaha  untuk meningkatkan system kekebalan tubuh terutama di masa pandemic Covid19. Sebanyak 256 peserta menyatakan siap hadir di acara  webinar yang disampaikan dalam form online yang dibagikan oleh panitia pelaksana kegiatan. Kegiatan sosialisasi dilakukan secara online dengan materi yang disampaikan terkait rumput laut dan aneka olahannya serta fungsinya sebagai bahan pangan dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan melalui perbaikan, pemulihan atau peningkatan system kekebalan tubuh, sehingga sangat penting untuk mensosialisasikan konsumsi dan memanfaatkan pangan ini sebagai agen pertahanan tubuh dalam masa pandemic Covid19.  Dari hasil evaluasi kegiatan PKM ini melalui pretest dan post test menunjukkan pengetahuan peserta terkait materi yang disampaikan mengalami peningkatan dari 40-50% menjadi 80-90%, untuk itu masih diharapkan adanya kegiatan-kegiatan serupa dengan obyek sasaran yang lebih luas dalam wilayah Kalimantan Barat yang dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pada umumnya.

scholarly journals Helminthes Parasites of Clarias gariepinus in Abraka Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
J. O. Onojafe ◽  
A. O. Egwunyenga ◽  
S. S. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
The Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Oil Immersion ◽  
Petri Dishes

Fish is significant as a vector of disease pathogen of human and animals. The study of the helminthes parasites of Clarias gariepinus in Abraka was carried out to investigate the occurrence, prevalence and intensity of helminthes parasites in Clarias gariepinus; and to compare the helminthes parasites burden of the wild and cultured Clarias gariepinus in Abraka fresh water. A total number of four hundred and nine (409) Clarias gariepinus were examined. Collection of fish samples was done monthly for twelve months. The external parts of each fish were examined with a hand lens for the occurrence of helminthes parasites. Portions of the muscles were also teased apart in saline water and examined under the microscope first at x 40 and later x 100 oil immersion. Organs of the body were examined separately in petri dishes containing normal saline. The different groups of parasites recovered were preserved in formaldehyde and identified using prescribed methods. Of the 409 C. gariepinus examined, 172 were infected, showing an infection rate of 42.1%. C. gariepinus from the wild had a higher prevalence of 31.1% while those from culture ponds had a lower prevalence of 11%. A total of 485 parasites were recovered, comprising of 113 trematodes and 372 nematodes which represents 23.3% and 76.7% respectively. Identified trematodes included Diplosomum sp., Macrogyrodactylus sp., and Quadriancanthus sp., while namatodes included Procamallanus sp. and an Ascarid nematode. The highest intensity of infection of 3.11 was recorded in the Ascarid nematode while the least of 1.25 came from Diplostomum sp. in C. gariepinus caught from the wild. Although, there appears to be a lack of reported cases of the occurrence of the ascarid nematode that was recovered from the muscles of C. gariepinus in literature, it is evident from this study that it is a common endoparasite of the African catfish in Abraka freshwater.

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