scholarly journals Prevention of the Stigma of Mental Disorders in the Community

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Retno Puji Astuti ◽  
Antonia Rensiana Reong ◽  
Fakhrun Nisa' Fiddaroini ◽  
M. Elyas Arif Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Health Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

The stigma felt towards clients with mental disorders is still negative in community. Health education programs are run by health workers in order to reduce the stigma for clients with mental disorders in the community. These programs have been widely implemented but there has been a low impact on the community thus far. The aim of this study was to gain an insight into the stigma focused on clients with mental disorders in the community. The databases used were SCOPUS, ProQuest, SAGE and Science Direct in order to identify potential articles. The articles were limited to being published in a range of 5 years from 2013 to 2018. The keywords used in the literature review were “stigma” AND “community” AND “mental disorder”. This study reports on the latest experience of stigma in relation to clients with mental disorders. The stigma is given from the community to the client with a mental disorder at 4 levels, namely labeling, stereotype, exclusion and discrimination. This makes the social life of the clients disturbed. Stigma and the prevention of it must therefore be further developed in the community. The results of this systematic review should be considered to reduce and prevent stigma in clients with mental disorders.

CHAM MUSLIMS IN HO CHI MINH CITY TODAY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phu Van Han
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

After more than 30 years of national reform, Ho Chi Minh City has made great changes in economy, living standards and society for all population groups, including the Cham Muslim community. The study clarifies the social characteristics, community development trends in the current sustainable development process of the Cham Muslims. At the same time, explore the adaptability of the community, clarify the aspects of social life and the development of Cham Muslims in Ho Chi Minh City. Thereby, providing insight into a unique cultural lifestyle, harmony between religion and ethnic customs, in a multicultural, colorful city in Ho Chi Minh City today.

The Younghusband-Waddell Collection and Its People: the Social Life of Tibetan Books Gathered in a Late-colonial Enterprise

Inner Asia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-171
Author(s):  
Hildegard Diemberger
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Social Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Cultural Biography ◽  
The Social ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIn this paper I follow the social life of the Tibetan books belonging to the Younghusband-Waddell collection. I show how books as literary artefacts can transform from ritual objects into loot, into commodities and into academic treasures and how books can have agency over people, creating networks and shaping identities. Exploring connections between books and people, I look at colonial collecting, Orientalist scholarship and imperial visions from an unusual perspective in which the social life and cultural biography of people and things intertwine and mutually define each other. By following the trajectory of these literary artefacts, I show how their traces left in letters, minutes and acquisition documents give insight into the functioning of academic institutions and their relationship to imperial governing structures and individual aspirations. In particular, I outline the lives of a group of scholars who were involved with this collection in different capacities and whose deeds are unevenly known. This adds a new perspective to the study of this period, which has so far been largely focused on the deeds of key individuals and the political and military setting in which they operated. Finally, I show how the books of this collection have continued to exercise their attraction and moral pressure on twenty-first-century scholars, both Tibetan and international, linking them through digital technology and cyberspace.

The scale of the problem

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

One in four individuals suffer from a psychiatric disorder at some point in their life, with 15– 20 per cent fitting cri­teria for a mental disorder at any given time. The latter corresponds to around 450 million people worldwide, placing mental disorders as one of the leading causes of global morbidity. Mental health problems represent five of the ten leading causes of disability worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in mid 2016 that ‘the global cost of mental illness is £651 billion per year’, stating that the equivalent of 50 million working years was being lost annually due to mental disorders. The financial global impact is clearly vast, but on a smaller scale, the social and psychological impacts of having a mental dis­order on yourself or your family are greater still. It is often difficult for the general public and clin­icians outside psychiatry to think of mental health dis­orders as ‘diseases’ because it is harder to pinpoint a specific pathological cause for them. When confronted with this view, it is helpful to consider that most of medicine was actually founded on this basis. For ex­ample, although medicine has been a profession for the past 2500 years, it was only in the late 1980s that Helicobacter pylori was linked to gastric/ duodenal ul­cers and gastric carcinoma, or more recently still that the BRCA genes were found to be a cause of breast cancer. Still much of clinical medicine treats a patient’s symptoms rather than objective abnormalities. The WHO has given the following definition of mental health:… Mental health is defined as a state of well- being in which every individual realizes his or her own po­tential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.… This is a helpful definition, because it clearly defines a mental disorder as a condition that disrupts this state in any way, and sets clear goals of treatment for the clinician. It identifies the fact that a disruption of an individual’s mental health impacts negatively not only upon their enjoyment and ability to cope with life, but also upon that of the wider community.

scholarly journals T153. THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF MENTAL DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S289-S289
Author(s):  
Maria Christensen ◽  
Carmen Lim ◽  
Sukanta Saha ◽  
Danielle Cannon ◽  
Finley Presley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Terms

Abstract Background About a third of the world’s population will develop a mental disorder over their lifetime. Having a mental disorder is a huge burden in health loss and cost for the individual, but also for society because of treatment cost, production loss and caregivers’ cost. The objective of this study is to synthesize the international published literature on the economic burden of mental disorders. Methods Systematic literature searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EconLit, NHS York Database and PsychInfo using key terms for cost and mental disorders. Searches were restricted to 1980 until May 2019. The inclusion criteria were: (1) cost-of-illness studies or cost-analyses; (2) diagnosis of at least one mental disorder (3) samples based on the general population; (4) outcome in monetary units. 13,640 publications were screened by their title/abstract and 439 articles were full-text screened by two independent reviewers. 113 articles were included from the systematic searches and 31 articles from snowball searching, giving a total of 144 included articles. Of these, 41 studies had estimates of the economic burden among people with schizophrenia. Results Information about diagnosis, diagnostic criteria, sample size, age, sex, data sources, study perspective, study period, costing approach, cost categories, discount rate and production loss method and cost unit was extracted. The preliminary results show a substantial variety in the used perspective, methodology, costs components and outcomes in the included studies. An online tool is under development enabling the reader to explore the published information on costs by type of mental disorder, subgroups, country, methodology, and study quality. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review synthesizing the economic cost of mental disorders worldwide. The paper will provide an important and comprehensive overview over the economic burden of mental disorders, and the output from this review will inform policy-making.

scholarly journals Effects of yoga on depressive symptoms in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2019-101242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta Brinsley ◽  
Felipe Schuch ◽  
Oscar Lederman ◽  
Danielle Girard ◽  
Matthew Smout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Treatment As Usual

ObjectiveTo assess whether physically active yoga is superior to waitlist control, treatment as usual and attention control in alleviating depressive symptoms in people with a diagnosed mental disorder recognised by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Data sourcesData were obtained from online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, EMCARE, PEDro). The search and collection of eligible studies was conducted up to 14 May 2019 (PROSPERO registration No CRD42018090441).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included randomised controlled trials with a yoga intervention comprising ≥50% physical activity in adults with a recognised diagnosed mental disorder according to DSM-3, 4 or 5.Results19 studies were included in the review (1080 participants) and 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis (632 participants). Disorders of depression, post-traumatic stress, schizophrenia, anxiety, alcohol dependence and bipolar were included. Yoga showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms than waitlist, treatment as usual and attention control (standardised mean difference=0.41; 95% CI −0.65 to −0.17; p<0.001). Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with higher frequency of yoga sessions per week (β=−0.44, p<0.01).

La santa prole. Il frutto del matrimonio cristiano nella teologia di Clemente di Alessandria

Augustinianum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Miklós Gyurkovics ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Clement Of Alexandria ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the teaching of Clement of Alexandria on marriage is closely related to the author’s soteriology and cosmology. The study focuses on the Third Book of Stromateis, which provides insight into the different Christian views on marriage at the end of the second century. Study of the Third Book of Stromateis also reveals Clement’s unique method of argument, by means of which he corrects the theological positions of his opponents. Last but not least, Clement’s discussions of family life provide a window onto the social life of the Late Empire from the point of view of a second-century Christian philosopher.

scholarly journals Biogenetic explanations and public acceptance of mental illness: Systematic review of population studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias C. Angermeyer ◽  
Anita Holzinger ◽  
Mauro G. Carta ◽  
Georg Schomerus
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
General Public ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
People With Mental Illness

BackgroundBiological or genetic models of mental illness are commonly expected to increase tolerance towards people with mental illness, by reducing notions of responsibility and blame.AimsTo investigate whether biogenetic causal attributions of mental illness among the general public are associated with more tolerant attitudes, whether such attributions are related to lower perceptions of guilt and responsibility, to what extent notions of responsibility are associated with rejection of people who are mentally ill, and how prevalent notions of responsibility are among the general public with regard to different mental disorders.MethodA systematic review was conducted of representative population studies examining attitudes towards people with mental illness and beliefs about such disorders.ResultsWe identified 33 studies relevant to this review. Generally, biogenetic causal attributions were not associated with more tolerant attitudes; they were related to stronger rejection in most studies examining schizophrenia. No published study reported on associations of biogenetic causal attributions and perceived responsibility. The stereotype of self-responsibility was unrelated to rejection in most studies. Public images of mental disorder are generally dominated by the stereotypes of unpredictability and dangerousness, whereas responsibility is less relevant.ConclusionsBiogenetic causal models are an inappropriate means of reducing rejection of people with mental illness.

scholarly journals The Association of Frailty with Poverty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Audai A. Hayajneh ◽  
Mohammad Rababa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Financial Issues

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Suffering from both frailty and poverty may have significant negative consequences on older adults’ lives. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to investigate the relationship between frailty and low income among older adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This systematic review was guided by the PRISMA guidelines and was aimed at exploring the frailty in older adults with low income and evaluating the robustness of the synthesis. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies published in English between 2008 and 2020 were identified using search terms entered into the following databases: CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and PubMed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. This review revealed a positive relationship between frailty and poverty. Such a relationship could be explained through 3 dimensions of the relationship between frailty and poverty among older adults identified based on the findings of the reviewed studies. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The social life, environmental conditions, and financial issues were positively correlated and coexisted with both frailty and poverty. Frailty should be treated on a holistic basis, considering financial issues. Among these financial issues is poverty, which disrupts older adults’ social activities, hinders them from building successful social relationships, and reduces their quality of life.

scholarly journals The cost of mental disorders: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Christensen ◽  
C. C. W. Lim ◽  
S. Saha ◽  
O. Plana-Ripoll ◽  
D. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Key Terms

Abstract Aims To identify and synthesise the literature on the cost of mental disorders. Methods Systematic literature searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EconLit, NHS York Database and PsychInfo using key terms for cost and mental disorders. Searches were restricted to January 1980–May 2019. The inclusion criteria were: (1) cost-of-illness studies or cost-analyses; (2) diagnosis of at least one mental disorder; (3) study population based on the general population; (4) outcome in monetary units. The systematic review was preregistered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019127783). Results In total, 13 579 potential titles and abstracts were screened and 439 full-text articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Of these, 112 articles were included from the systematic searches and 31 additional articles from snowball searching, resulting in 143 included articles. Data were available from 48 countries and categorised according to nine mental disorder groups. The quality of the studies varied widely and there was a lack of studies from low- and middle-income countries and for certain types of mental disorders (e.g. intellectual disabilities and eating disorders). Our study showed that certain groups of mental disorders are more costly than others and that these rankings are relatively stable between countries. An interactive data visualisation site can be found here: https://nbepi.com/econ. Conclusions This is the first study to provide a comprehensive overview of the cost of mental disorders worldwide.

Visual Criminology

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Elaine M. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Social ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Insight Into

An understanding of crime data and analysis is central to any Criminology degree. Graduates need to know how and where to access a wide variety of secondary data sources, and understand how to read and critically evaluate crime statistics, crime maps, and quantitative research publications, and through assessment, know how to apply this learning to understanding crime rates within a community. This chapter reviews the various types of data and analysis that form a substantial part of content within a Bachelor of Criminology degree. Several types of assessment are described as examples of how to engage students in practical exercises to show them how data and analysis can provide fascinating insight into the social life of their own community.

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