scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIASI HOLDING TIME DAN MEDIA PENDINGIN TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO BAJA SUS 630 METODE HARDENING

JTAM ROTARY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Dwi Herizen ◽  
Rudi Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Residual Austenite ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Engineering ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Cooling Media

SUS 630 memiliki kekerasan 30,9 HRC dan kandungan Chromium 12% berdasarkan pemakaiannya di PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur merekomendasikan kekerasan sebesar 55 HRC, untuk meningkatkan kekerasan material dapat dilakukan dengan teknik material engineering yaitu Hardening. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu tahan dan media pendingin terhadap kekerasan dan mikrostruktur baja sus 630. Proses pengerasan dilakukan hingga mencapai suhu 1020 0C kemudian waktu tahan dengan variasi 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 menit kemudian dicelupkan ke dalam air, air garam, dan minyak sampai suhu kamar. Struktur mikro diuji menggunakan mikroskop optik dengan perbesaran 400x dan kekerasan menggunakan kekerasan Rockwell C dengan beban 150 kg. Pengamatan struktur mikro setelah pengerasan struktur yang terbentuk adalah bilah martenstie, sisa austenit, dan karbida logam. Hasil uji kekerasan tertinggi pada media pendingin air (34,2 HRC), air asin (34,2 HRC), dan minyak (34,1 HRC) dan bahan baku (30,9 HRC). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses pengerasan dapat meningkatkan nilai kekerasan. SUS 630 Steel hardness is 30.9 HRC and Chromium content is 12%, based on its use at PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur recommended a hardness of 55 HRC, to increase material hardness can be done by means of material engineering, namely Hardening. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of variations in holding time and cooling media on the hardness and microstructure of steel sus 630. The hardening process was carried out to reach 1020 0C then holding time with variations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes then dipped into water , salt water, and oil to room temperature. Microstructure was tested using an optical microscope with 400x magnification and hardness using Rockwell C hardness with a load of 150 kg. The observation of the microstructure after hardening of the structure formed is the martenstie lath, residual austenite, and metal carbide. The hardness test results were highest in water cooling media (34.2 HRC), salt water (34.2 HRC), and oil (34.1 HRC) and raw material (30.9 HRC). From this study it can be concluded that the hardening process can increase the value of violence.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of hot rolled plate steel treatment using temper and quench-temper method on vickers hardness number enhancement

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (12(112)) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Achmad Taufik ◽  
Pratikto Pratikto ◽  
Agus Suprapto ◽  
Achmad As’ad Sonief
Keyword(s):  
Hardness Test ◽  
Residual Austenite ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
Plate Steel ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Hot Rolled

This paper wants to know the effect of bending radius on the distribution of hardness, grain distribution and microstructure on the surface area of tensile stress and compressive stress after bending, quenching and tempering. Material testing helps determine and analyze material quality. The research was conducted on the bending of Hot Rolled Plate Steel material with a radius of 50 mm, 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm and 70 mm with a measurement distance of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm, the highest value was obtained at a radius of 55 mm with a measurement distance of 1 mm. After getting the quench-temper treatment with a holding time of 30 minutes, the value of 498 HV was obtained at a radius of 70 mm with a measurement distance of 2 mm. Hardness test was performed using the austenite temperature of 900 °С, microstructure test results obtained finer grains in the compression area r=2.173 µm and in the tensile area r=2.34 µm. This observation aims to determine the microstructure of the material undergoing a heat treatment process at a temperature of 900 °С with a holding time of 30 minutes using water cooling media. The results of the observation of the microstructure of the test specimens before the quench-temper process showed that the structure of ferrite was more abundant than perlite, but after the quench-tempering process the results showed that there was more perlite than ferrite due to the presence of austenite. The treatment on the transformation of the Ar3 line causes the hardness to change the shape of the martensite microstructure into steel while the thickness of the carburizing layer increases with the increase in the carbonization temperature on the surface of the quenched specimen, resulting in the formation of martensite and residual austenite causing the coating to become hard.

Vickers Microhardness Dependence Load and Determining of Tensile Strength of HQ 705 Steel from Microhardness Curves

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Malau ◽  
Latif Arifudin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Indentation Load ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vickers Hardness Number

Vickers microindentation hardness test has been applied for a long time to determine the mechanical properties of a small volume of samples. The procedure of this hardness test consists of using a constant load on a rigid indenter and measuring the dimensions of the indenter residual impression (indentation imprint) on the surface of the sample tested after loading and unloading. The objective of this research is to characterize the mechanical properties and material constants of HQ (High Quality) 705 alloy steel mainly its VHN (Vickers Hardness Number) and tensile strength before and after quenching and tempering heat treatments. The characterization is based on Vickers microhardness dependence load curves.Quenching treatment was performed in a furnace by heating the samples at austenite temperature of 850 o C with holding time of two hours and then the samples were rapidly cooled in oil bath. Tempering processes were conducted by heating again the quenching samples to temperatures of 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 o C with holding time of two hours for each sample. Finally, all samples were slowly cooled in atmospheric temperature. The mechanical properties of samples were characterized by using Vickers microhardness dependence load curves.The results show that VHN (Vickers Hardness Number) depends on indentation load and VHN increases with increment of load for indentation load lower than 5 N. VHN is almost constant for indentation load greater than 5 N. The raw material (without heat treatment) has the VHN and tensile strength of 3413 MPa and 1050.61 MPa respectively and the quenched samples have the VHN and tensile strength of 5407 and 1861 MPa respectively. The Vickers hardness and tensile strength decrease with the increment of tempering temperatures. The higher tempering temperature produces lower hardness and tensile strength. The raw material tensile strength of 1058.8 MPa obtained by tensile test is comparable to its tensile strength of 1050.61 MPa obtained by Vickers indentation. This result indicates that Vickers microindentation is valid to use for evaluating the tensile strength of HQ 705 alloy steel.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PACK CARBURIZING USING CHARCOAL ON PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyono Supriyono
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Carburizing Process ◽  
Hypoeutectoid Steel

The aim of this research is to study the effects of pack carburizing using charcoal on properties of mild steel. The properties are represented by the results of microstructure, hardness test and tensile test.  The carburizing process was conducted in the temperature of 930oC which is the austenite temperature of the mild steel. The source of carbon was charcoal. The specimens were held for 2, 3 and 4 hours at the carburizing temperature. The carbon content of the raw amterial was 0.17%. The raw material was hypoeutectoid steel with ferrite and pearlite phases in its microstructure.  After the carburizing process, the microstructure can be divided into two zones e.i. case zone and core zone. The case zone consists of hypereutectoid, eutectoid, and hypoeutectoid sub-zone. The core zone is the same as raw material. The longer the holding time will result in the deeper the case zone and the stronger the material.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MEDIA PENDINGIN PADA PROSES HARDENING TERHADAP KETANGGUHAN BAJA S45C

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Govar Arianzas ◽  
Dody Prayitno
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
The Impact

<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vegetable oil or water cooling media on the Hardening process on the value of the impact strength of S45C. The research method of the S45C steel sample was heated at 900˚C for 1 hour. The sample then in quenching the medium of water or vegetable oil is then tested for impact using the Charpy method. Research result. The value of impact strength of S45C steel is 0.416 Joule / mm2, Hardening (900˚C, 1 Hour) with Quenching Air media causing the value of impact strength to decrease from 0.416 Joule / mm2 to 0.135 Joule / mm2, Hardening (900˚C, 1 Hour) with media of Vegetable Oil Quenching causes the strength value to increase from 0.416 Joule / mm2 to 2,276 Joule / mm2, Microstructure in S45C steel "Raw Material" is ferrite and pearlite, Microstructure sample code "Quenching Air" is Martensite and Troostite, Microstructure sample code "Quenching MinyakSayur "is Bainit.<br />Keywords. Impact Strength, Hardening, Water, Vegetable Oil.</p>

scholarly journals ANALISA PENGUATAN MATA PISAU MESIN PENCACAH SAMPAH ORGANIK DENGAN PROSES HEAT TREATMENT BERTINGKAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Mohamad Abdul Jaelani ◽  
Muhamad Fajar Sidiq ◽  
Galuh Renggani Wilis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Average Hardness ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Carburizing Process

Garbage has been considered useless and disgusting. The problem of pollution due to the presence of waste requires processing and management to overcome it, one of which is composting. The waste chopper is a tool that makes it easy to destroy and speed up the composting process of organic waste. The progress of the industrial sector cannot be separated from the development of the tool industry or blacksmiths, both large and small. In the manufacture of blades or blacksmith himself experienced several problems, among many consumers who complains of sharpness and strength of the blades are manufactured. There are several factors that affect the sharpness and strength of the blades, including during the heat treatment process. This study used an experimental method with ST 41 steel as the material. Carburizing process using coconut shell charcoal powder at a temperature of 875 ℃, hardness test and wear test material and the salt water quenching media. The highest average hardness test value was produced by the carburising and hardening processes with a hardness value of 599.7 VHN, while the lowest wear test value was found in the carburising and hardening process, namely 0,0000767 mm³ / kg.m.

scholarly journals THE USE OF SUNLIGHT FOR SUSPENSION OF SALT WATER WITH CONVERGEN CONVERSION LENS

Tibuana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Titik Koesdijati
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Convex Lens ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Made In

Salt in the main need for humans, In the process of shrinkage of salt products become the expected result is always increased because in the islands of Madura who have high salt income can be utilized. Light focus can be used through convex convex lens to increase sea water shrinkage so as to accelerate evaporation as well Get shrinkage of salt water salt raw material quickly. From observations made in May - June 2017 can be obtained data focusing light through convex convex lens is by focusing the sun on convex lens that is directed at sea water, so it can shrink the water faster. Acquisition of water depreciation using the tool obtained 95,000 cc / 95 liters, while 47.000 cc / 47 liters obtained from without tools. From this study it can be concluded that the value obtained yields a positive value, where the use of the tool from the volume of each volume filled 100 liters with a ratio of 1: 1 from the analysis obtained from using a tool faster 56% using tools with upper 14322.90 Of the 99% confidence interval received. So from the shrinkage using a faster tool, the depreciation of sea salt raw materials with convergent convex lenses can be applied directly as a technological reasoning.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MEDIA PENDINGIN DAN WAKTU TUNGGU TERHADAP POROSITAS, KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO MATERIAL AL PADUAN (RONGSOKAN) MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGECORAN EVAPORATIVE

JTAM ROTARY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Komang Aria Kresna Kepakisan ◽  
Rudi Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Alloy Material ◽  
Significant Length ◽  
Cooling Media

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of cooling media and holding time to porosity, hardness and micro structure of Al alloy material (scrap) using evaporative casting method. The method used in this research is the experimental method of smelting Al Alloy piston scrap and poured at 700°C in Styrofoam pattern mold with 10 and 15 minutes holding time, then cooled with medium air, brine, and water of PDAM for 30 minutes. The material used is excavator aluminum alloy (scrap) izumi piston with silicon aluminum alloy (Al-12% Si). The highest hardness value obtained from the results of cooling casting with the brine cooling medium for 10 minutes that is equal to 217,996 kg / mm2 average HV. At porosity, the highest value was obtained at holding time of 15 minutes with PDAM water cooling medium 5.088% against raw material. While the result of visual observation with 50x magnification of microstructure of specimen to raw material, Si material in raw material has significant length increase. The conclusion of the research results is that re-casting with variations of cooling medium and waiting time will increase hardness and increase porosity, except on brine cooling medium. Keywords: MTTR, MTTF, RCM (Reliability Centered Maintanance)

scholarly journals Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Media Pendingin Pada Proses HeatTreatment Metode Hardening-Tempering Material Baja S45C Terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Aldi Wahyu Permana ◽  
Ratna Dewi Anjani ◽  
Iwan Nugraha Gusniar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Tempering Process

<p><em>In Our life, we always life with any tools and technology for improve our life. We can find many tools and other technolgy are made from metal. Of course, we need metals which have a characteristic for improve that inquiry, for example in terms of hardness in metal. Metal hardness can be increased in several ways. One of them is the hardening process. This process is a process of heat treatment of metal by heating and then cooling it to a certain temperature. In the traditional market, a lot of shredded coconut water is not used and can be used as a cooling medium in the hardening process. Therefore, the author will use the results of this wate shredded coconut water as a cooling medium for the hardening process.  Researchers  examined  the  effect  of  variations in heat  treatment  process  cooling media  on mechanical properties and microstructure with three variations of coolant. temperature 865 </em><em>⁰</em><em>C for hardening process and 465 C for tempering process. research activities include hardness and micro structure testing. The results showed that the hardening process salt water cooling medium had the highest hardness value of 275.6Hv while the lowest hardness was  obtained in the coconut water cooling medium  which had carried out the tempering process with a hardness of 219.3Hv. This is influenced by SOQ (Severity Of Quenching) or what is called the ability of the cooling media, for salt water the value is 5.0 for SOQ and for coconut water below 2.055. Meanwhile, for the microstructure, it can be seen that the hardening process brine cooling medium has a finer structure than the other cooling specimens. Meanwhile, in the tempering process, martensite turned into finer ferrite cementite with a hardness of 269.3Hv</em></p>

Effect of Water Absorption on Mechanical Properties of Kenaf and Kenaf Hybrid Polyester

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Salleh ◽  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
M.N. Berhan ◽  
Yakub Md. Taib ◽  
N.R. Nik Roselina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Water Salt

Natural fibre composite materials have been highlighted in recent years as they have the potential to mitigate the pollution and global warming. Kenaf is a high yield and fast growing plant. Kenaf does not require a lot of energy in production. Furthermore, the kenaf plant can absorb carbon dioxide when breathing. The objective of this paper is to relate the effect of different environment to the mechanical properties of kenaf and kenaf hybrid (fiberglass) polyester composites for 60 days period. Kenaf composite (containing 20 wt% of Kenaf fibres) and kenaf hybrid (containing 20 wt% kenaf fibre and 16 wt% fiberglass) were produced in cold press hand lay-up technique and then cured for 24 hours. The specimens were cut as required in EN ISO 527. The specimens were immersed in 3 different water sources, which were rain water, salt water and tap water. Tensile and hardness test were conducted to study the mechanical properties at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days. Both kenaf polyester and kenaf hybrid polyester show reduction on mechanical properties after immersion in the solutions. Kenaf polyester and kenaf hybrid polyester followed fickian behaviour after 40 days water immersion.

Experimental Study on Carbonization of Low-Rank Pulverized Coal with High Temperature Heat Pipe

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1035-1039
Author(s):  
Li Qun Wang ◽  
Zhong Bo Yi ◽  
Zhong Xiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
High Temperature Heat Pipe

Aimed at improving the utilization of pulverized coal, high-temperature heat pipe technology was introduced into lignite carbonization.Under the design of power of 10kw semi-industrial pulverized coal carbonization test equipment, Fugu lignite coal as raw material to investigate the operating characteristics of the device and carbonization characteristics. Experimental result shows that the high temperature heat pipes heat steadily and meet the temperature requirement of low-temperature carbonization. With the extension of the holding time, the semi-coke fixed carbon content increasing, but volatile matter vice versa, however, holding time above 60 minutes, the effect of carbonization is not obvious, and the best carbonization time is 30 ~ 60 minutes. The length of the holding time has little effect on gas composition, the content of H2 and CH4 are relatively higher than the rest gas, (H2 + CH4) gas accounted for 70% of the total, the heating value remains at 18.76 ~ 19.22MJ/m3, belongs to medium-high value gas, could provide for industrial and civilian use.

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