scholarly journals Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity Analysis of Organic Soap Bar Containing Gnetum gnemon Peel Extract

Molekul ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Indyah Sulistyo Arty ◽  
Cornelia Budimarwanti ◽  
Karim Theresih ◽  
Evy Yulianti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Quality Test ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Peel Extract

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) peel has been known as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal, but not yet used as cosmetic ingredients or drugs optimally. This research focuses on the production of organic soap bars from melinjo peel extract, the quality testing, and antimicrobial analysis against selected microbes. The soap making process was done by the saponification reaction between the mixture of palm oil and coconut oil with sodium hydroxide through cold and hot processes. Distilled water and ethanol were used as solvents for melinjo peel extraction. The quality test was done by determining insoluble fraction in ethanol, free alkali, and unsaponified fatty matter. An antimicrobial activity test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. The result shows that the quality test fit with INS 2016 for all the criteria except for unsaponified fatty acid in the cold process soap bar. Inhibition zone of organic soap bar sequentially decreased against the growth of Tricophytone mentagrophytes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Therefore, the organic soap bar with melinjo peel extract shows a good potential to be used as an antimicrobial soap.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Dan Propionibacterium acne

Media Farmasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Alfrida Monica Salasa ◽  
St Ratnah
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Peel Extract

Longan Fruit (Euphoria longan Stend) Peel Waste contains chemical compounds with antimicrobial activity, which are not fully utilized. The study aims to determine the inhibition of Longan Fruit Peel extract (Euphoria longan Stend) against Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acne. Furthermore, Longan fruit (Euphoria longan Stend) was dried and extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol, then tested for its antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion method at a concentration of 5% 7.5% and 10% w/v. The results showed that the average inhibition zone diameter for Candida albicans at 5% concentration was 14.33 mm, 7.5% concentration was 15.33 mm, and 10% concentration was 16.66 mm. Meanwhile, the inhibition zone diameter for Propionibacterium acne at a concentration of 5% w/v was 14.67 mm, 7.5% w/v was 16.67 mm, and 10% w/v was 18.33 mm. The Longan Fruit Peel Extract (Euphoria longan Stend) has antimicrobial activity tested against Candida albicans at a concentration of 7.5% w/v and 10% w/v for Propionibacterium acne. Keywords: Longan Fruit Peel Extract, Antimicrobial activity, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acneLimbah Kulit Buah Kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) mengandung senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimikroba, namun sampai saat ini belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan daya hambat ekstrak Kulit Buah kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) terhadap Candida albicans dan Propionibacterium acne. Kulit buah kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) dikeringkan kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan Etanol 96% lalu diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya dengan metode difusi agar pada konsentrasi 5%; 7,5% dan 10%b/v. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan  rata-rata diameter zona hambat untuk Candida albicans pada konsnetrasi 5% sebesar 14,33 mm, konsentrasi 7,5% sebesar 15,33 mm, konsentrasi 10% sebesar 16,66 mm. Sedangkan diameter zona hambat untuk Propionibacterium acne pada konsentrasi 5% b/v sebesar 14,67 mm, 7,5% b/v sebesar 16,67 mm, dan  konsetrasi 10% b/v sebesar 18,33 mm  Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan Ekstrak Kulit Buah kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Candida albicans pada konsentrasi 7,5% b/v dan konsentrasi 10%b/v untuk Propionibacterium acne.Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kelengkeng, Aktivitas antimikroba, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acne

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Effect Of Virgin Coconut Oil On Oral Pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ainatul Mardia Bt Mohamad Nasir ◽  
Zurainie Bt Abllah ◽  
Intan Azura Bt Shahdan ◽  
Anil Azura Bt Jalaludin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil

Introduction: As time progressed, our diet changed to include the types of foods that will promote decay and so dental caries became a widespread and serious concern. Dental caries had been reported adding to the significantly high number of oral health problem worldwide, causing a burden to health care system. Despite the existing of prevention courses, the numbers did not appear to decrease. Originated from natural resources, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been proposed as an alternative treatment as it has been reported to demonstrate antimicrobial activity on various bacteria. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate whether VCO has antimicrobial effects on certain, selected cariogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Crude extract of VCO was prepared by using a natural method of fermentation. The composition of VCO were screened using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS). The antimicrobial activities of VCO were evaluated against three selected oral pathogens; Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Candida albicans using disc diffusion method. The inhibitory activities of VCO were determined by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone. The antimicrobial activities were further tested using broth micro-dilution technique to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The inhibition zone was observed on Candida albicans plate, however no inhibitions were observed on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei plates. The MIC and MBC results were inconsistent in 3 duplication that have been done for all the bacteria. Conclusion(s): VCO demonstrated potential antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans but not on Streptococcus mutans and Lactbacillus casei.

scholarly journals Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Richardia scabra

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathirvel Poonkodi ◽  
Subban Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Simple Sugar

<p class="Abstract">The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts from the mature leaves of <em>Richardia scabra</em> from India. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the zone inhibition of the tested samples for antibacterial and agar plug method was used to determine the antifungal activity, while the microtube-dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Both extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities when tested against 10 bacterial and four fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the methanol extract of<em> R. scabra</em> ranged between 12.5–100 μg/mL for bacterial strains. Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, fatty acids, terpenoids and simple sugar were detected as phytoconstituents of extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report against antimicrobial activity of common weed species <em>R. scabra</em> found in India.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Development of new 5-chromenyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones as antimicrobial agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mariana Nastasă ◽  
Mihaela Duma ◽  
Adrian Pîrnău ◽  
Laurian Vlase ◽  
Brîndușa Tiperciuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
New Compounds

Background and aims. In the context of the increasing phenomenon of microbial resistance to usual drugs, the development of new treatment strategies and new therapeutic protocols is a constant need. Thiazolidinedione and chromone represent two important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their large pharmacological applicability.Methods. We synthesized a new 5-(chromene-3-yl)methylene-2,4-thiazolidinedione starting from 6,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde. Then, by treating with different α-bromoalkylarylketones, we obtained N-substituted derivatives. All new compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial potential, using the diffusion method, against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Three concentrations, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml of compounds were used. The results were evaluated by the measurement of the inhibition zone diameters and compared to those of gentamicin and fluconazole respectively, as reference drugs.Results. All new synthesized compounds were characterized using physico-chemical and spectrometric methods. They displayed modest to good antimicrobial activity. New molecules 8, 9 and 10 may represent promising candidates, showing zone inhibition diameters superior to those of reference drugs.Conclusions. This work presents chemical synthesis, characterization and investigation of the antibacterial and antifungal potential of 5-(chromene-3-yl)methylene-2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives, which may be worthy of future research for designing new chemical entities.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF COCOA POD THAT ASSOCIATED IN MALTODEXTRIN IN VARIOUS CONCENTRATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Asriani Hasanuddin ◽  
Chairil Anwar ◽  
Marhawati Mappatoba ◽  
Hafsah Hafsah
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Peel Extract

Cocoa pod extract ((Theobroma cacao L.) has antioxidant and antimicrobial activity that has the potential as a natural food preservative. However, in its use the cocoa fruit skin extract has a disadvantage because the short shelf time and its application to food are limited, efforts are needed to prevent damage and extend shelf life, one of the efforts that can be done is by encapsulating the extract.This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and antioxidant encapsulation of cocoa peel extract, this study begins with the extraction of cocoa pods with ethanol solvent by comparing cocoa pods : solvent 1: 4 The skin of cacao cocoa fruit used is yellow harvested cocoa fruit, then chopped and dried to form flour.The sample is extracted by maceration with ethanol solvent Antioxidant test is done by DPPH method, while antibacterial test is carried out by the well diffusion method. This study used a completely randomized design method (CRD) with 5 treatments using a maltodextrin concentration of 20% (M1); 30% (M2); 40% (M3); 50% (M4) and 60% (M5). The results showed that the treatment gave the highest yield in the treatment of 60% maltodextrin concentration (M5), while the highest antioxidant activity was obtained in the treatment of 20% maltodextrin (M1) with IC50 75.98 µg / mL and the treatment with the lowest antioxidant activity was obtained at treatment of 60% maltodextrin concentration (M5) with IC50 value 114.89 µg / mL. While for the antimicrobial activity also obtained with the same results, namely treatment of 20% (M1) obtained a higher inhibition diameter compared to treatment at 30%; 40%; 50% and 60% for all types of bacteria. The inhibition diameter in the treatment of the concentration of maltodextrin 20% (M1) for E. coli bacteria is between 4.12 mm - 10.95 mm, Salmonella sp is 2.85 mm - 8 , 25 mm and for Staphylococcusaureus of 5.15 mm - 13.90 mm and the lowest inhibition diameter was obtained in the treatment of 60% maltodextrin concentration (M5) for E. coli bacteria of between 2.0 mm - 4.79 mm, Salmonella sp of 1.15 mm - 4.35 mm and for Staphylococcusaureusat 2.76 mm - 5.17 mm.This study concluded that the encapsulation of cocoa peel extract using 20% maltodextrin had the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity when compared with other treatments namely 30% concentration; 40%; 50% and 60% but for the treatment of 20% and 30% there is no difference. Ethanol extract of cocoa pods can be made in the form of encapsulates which are very likely to be used as natural preservatives.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Leaf Extract on Pathogenic Agents Dragon Fruit Plant

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Trio Ageng Prayitno ◽  
Nuril Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

The use of antimicrobials from plant extracts has not been used optimally to control pathogenic agents in dragon fruit plants. The purpose of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of zodia (Evodia suaveolens) leaf extracts on pathogenic agents of dragon fruit plants in vitro. The research method is laboratory research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The antimicrobial concentrations of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract used six types including 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with four replications. The research sample was the leaf of zodia (E. suaveolens), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum strain Malang. Test the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extracts on the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum using the disc-diffusion method and wells method. The research instrument was used the observation sheet of the diameter of inhibition zone indicated by the clear zone. The diameter of inhibition zone data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum (P <0.05). These results recommend zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent for dragon fruit plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of two Mentha Species Essential Oil and its Dependence on Different Origin and Chemical Diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Pl'uchtová ◽  
Teresa Gervasi ◽  
Qada Benameur ◽  
Vito Pellizzeri ◽  
Daniela Grul'ová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone

Genus Mentha presents group of plants which are the most studied in family Lamiaceae. Aboveground parts are used for different purposes in pharmacy, food industry or confectionery. Most important is natural product extracted from leaves - essential oil (EO). The aim of presented experiment was to demonstrate different chemotype and compare antibacterial activity of two Mentha species EO. Plant samples were obtained from various environments – from Slovakia and from Italy. Dominant compounds were determined by GC/MS. The results showed high amount of menthol and menthone in tested Slovak peppermint EO. On the other hand, carvone and 1,8-cineole were determinate as dominant compounds in Italian spearmint EO. The antimicrobial activity of the EO was investigated by disc diffusion and broth micro dilution methods. EO was evaluated for their antibacterial activity against 7 microorganisms: Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes. The determination results of antibacterial activity by agar disk diffusion method ranged from 7 to 14 mm of the growth inhibition zone. MIC of tested mint EO varied from 0.625 to 2.5 μg/mL. In addition, both EO showed relatively the same antibacterial activity against the selected Gram-negative bacteria. However, there is a variation in the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Egyptian Local Chicory,Cichorium endiviasubsp. pumilum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Amer
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The discovery of novel and more efficient antimicrobial agents from natural sources like plants is one of the most important ways through which the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant pathogens can be overcome. Herein, we report the potential antimicrobial activity ofCichorium endiviaL.subsp.pumilum. Different concentrations of various solvent extracts prepared from several parts of chicory were tested for their antimicrobial effect against a panel of microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed using the well diffusion method, where zones of inhibition were used as indicators of antimicrobial activity. The results indicated the superiority of seed extracts over both leaf and root extracts. Methanol extracts showed higher activity compared with chloroform and water extracts. Increased solvent extract concentration was accompanied by a parallel increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive than Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. On a whole, the highest observed inhibition zones (21.3 ± 0.6 and 20.1 ± 0.4 mm) were recorded with the methanolic extract of chicory seeds againstS. aureusandB. cereus, respectively.These results offer insights into the antimicrobial potency of this Egyptian local plant and provide a basis for further phytochemical and pharmacological research.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Skin Secretion of Rana hosii Frog (Anura: Ranidae) against several pathogenic microbes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Feskaharny Alamsjah ◽  
Djong Hon Tjong ◽  
Zil Fadhillah Rahma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Skin Secretion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Skin Secretions ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The research on antimicrobial activity of skin secretion derived from Rana hosii (Anura: Ranidae) against several pathogenic microbes had been conducted at Microbiology Laboratory and at Genetics and Biomolecular Laboratory, both in the Biology Department, Universitas Andalas. The research used to survey and experimental methods. The study aimed to determine the effectivity of Rana hosii skin secretion to inhibit microbial activity, hence it tested onto some pathogenic microbes such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The results showed that the biggest inhibition zone formed against E. coli was 10.96 + 0.63 mm, on S. aureus was 11.74 + 1.00 mm, while on C. albicans was 7.42 + 0.80 mm. The results indicated that the skin secretions from Rana hosii frog could be a potential broad-spectrum antibacterial, and antifungal activity against C. albicans.

scholarly journals Combined activity of Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscose leaves extract on some selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. I Isah ◽  
A.I. Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials

The study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity both individually and in combination of two Nigerian plants (Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscosa) against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Five bacterial species namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected for the assays. The powdered plant materials of the two plants were extracted using sohxlet extraction technique with methanol water and petroleum ether as solvents. The crude extracts of the two plants were subjected to phytochemical screening for qualitative detection of plant secondary metabolites. The extracts were further tested for antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens singly and then combined using agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of the two plants singly indicates that the methanolic extract possess the highest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 50mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 23.3±0.5mm compared to aqueous extract with 21.7±0.5mm inhibition zone at a concentration of 50mg/ml. The least activity was observed with the petroleum ether extract with an inhibition zone of 7.3±0.5mm at a concentration of 12.5mg/ml. Combination of the plants extracts exhibited lower antibacterial activity on the test isolates compared to single plants as evidenced by the production of lower inhibition zones. Key words: Azadirachta indica, Dodonea viscosa, pathogens, antimicrobial activity, synergistic effect

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