scholarly journals The Role of Purified α-amylase from Soil Bacteria Versus Crude Cell Supernatant from Medium against Clinical Biofilm-forming Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokaya Elamary ◽  
Fawziah Albarakaty ◽  
Wesam Salem
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Bacterial biofilms have become a significant and growing threat to human life, nature, and environmental health. The aim of this study is to isolate amylase-producing bacteria from the terrestrial environment (soil) for investigating their general inhibition of some pathogenic human bacterial biofilm. A total of 75 amylase producing isolates were obtained by serial dilution and streaking method. Amylotic activity of these isolates was screened by a starch agar plate method. Isolates were characterized by morphological and biochemical methods. The isolated Bacillus species were B. megaterium (26.7%), B. subtilis (16%), B. cereus (13.3%), B. thuringiesis (10.7%), B. lentus (10.7%), B. mycoides (5.3%), B. alvei (5.3%), B. polymyxa (4%), B. circulans (4%) and Micrococcus roseus (4%). The optimum conditions for amylase production were monitored. Antagonistic activity of these isolates and purified amylase against multidrug-resistant pathogenic human bacteria by agar disk diffusion method. The sensitivity level of some standard antibiotics served as control. Interestingly, it was found that all isolates exhibited great antagonistic activity against the target pathogens. The greatest activity recoded by B. alevi (48 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the lowest activity recorded by B. polymyxa (12 mm) against E. coli while low inhibition recorded for amylase. Antibiofilm efficacy of isolates supernatant and purified enzyme also monitored by spectrophotometric methods. The results revealed highly significant inhibition with percentages of 93.6 and 78.8% respectively. So, they represent a good tool for biofilm control in clinical and environmental applications.

scholarly journals Optimizing and purifying extracellular amylase from soil bacteria to inhibit clinical biofilm-forming bacteria

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10288
Author(s):  
Rokaia Elamary ◽  
Wesam M. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Bacillus Lentus ◽  
Recorded Activity

Background Bacterial biofilms have become a major threat to human health. The objective of this study was to isolate amylase-producing bacteria from soil to determine the overall inhibition of certain pathogenic bacterial biofilms. Methods We used serial dilution and the streaking method to obtain a total of 75 positive amylase isolates. The starch-agar plate method was used to screen the amylolytic activities of these isolates, and we used morphological and biochemical methods to characterize the isolates. Optimal conditions for amylase production and purification using Sephadex G-200 and SDS-PAGE were monitored. We screened these isolates’ antagonistic activities and the purified amylase against pathogenic and multi-drug-resistant human bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Some standard antibiotics were controlled according to their degree of sensitivity. Finally, we used spectrophotometric methods to screen the antibiofilm 24 and 48 h after application of filtering and purifying enzymes in order to determine its efficacy at human pathogenic bacteria. Results The isolated Bacillus species were Bacillus megaterium (26.7%), Bacillus subtilis (16%), Bacillus cereus (13.3%), Bacillus thuringiesis (10.7%), Bacillus lentus (10.7%), Bacillus mycoides (5.3%), Bacillus alvei (5.3%), Bacillus polymyxa (4%), Bacillus circulans (4%), and Micrococcus roseus (4%). Interestingly, all isolates showed a high antagonism to target pathogens. B. alevi had the highest recorded activity (48 mm) and B. polymyxa had the lowest recorded activity (12 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli, respectively. On the other hand, we detected no antibacterial activity for purified amylase. The supernatant of the isolated amylase-producing bacteria and its purified amylase showed significant inhibition for biofilm: 93.7% and 78.8%, respectively. This suggests that supernatant and purified amylase may be effective for clinical and environmental biofilm control. Discussion Our results showed that soil bacterial isolates such as Bacillus sp. supernatant and its purified amylase are good antibiofilm tools that can inhibit multidrug-resistant former strains. They could be beneficial for pharmaceutical use. While purified amylase was effective as an antibiofilm, the isolated supernatant showed better results.

scholarly journals Fatal post-parturient diarrhoea in a nursing cow transported to Akinyele International Cattle Market, Ibadan, Nigeria: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Cattle Market

A pregnant cow of Kuri breed, estimated age of six years old with second calving was transported on land from Maiduguri, Borno state Nigeria. The journey took four days to the Akinyele International Cattle Market. The pregnant cow calved immediately on arrival at the market. A week after calving, the nursing cow was offered for sale and slaughter. The nursing cow and the calf were purchased and put under intensive medical and management care of an experienced cattle stockman in the market. The nursing cow became diarrheic on the second week of arrival at the market. Clinical examination by visual observation revealed projectile watery faeces, stained hindquarter and the pair rectal sterile swab samples were collected. Though the temperature and pulse rate were within the normal range. Standard bacteriological faecal culture of the rectal swab incubated overnight at 370C in selenith F- broth, Nutrient and blood agars at 370C for 24 hours were done, revealing heavy mixed growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Bacillus species. Identification of colonies were based on morphology, gram staining, cultural and biochemical characteristics. In-vitro Antibiotic sensitivity testing on discrete colonies of bacteria faeces were done, using agar- Disk diffusion method. The E. coli, Klebsiella and Bacillus species were sensitive to ciprofloxacin® (10μg) and pefloxacin® (30μg). Sulfanol® (sulphadimidin) a broad spectrum antibiotic was administered immediately intramuscularly at 333mg in 3ml per 10kg for four days. Defaecation of the nursing cow stopped for two days after treatment. On the third day of the treatment, the faeces became pasty but the cow died overnight despite the good response to therapy.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Amphiphilic Copolymers of Dimethylamino Ethyl Methacrylate and Methyl Methacrylate to Control Biofilm Adhesion for Antifouling Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Shehla Mushtaq ◽  
Nasir M. Ahmad ◽  
Azhar Mahmood ◽  
Mudassir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Amphiphilic Copolymers ◽  
Surgical Equipment ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Effective Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Amphiphilic copolymers are recognized as important biomaterials and used as antibacterial agents due to their effective inhibition of bacterial growth. In current study, the amphiphilic copolymers of P(DMAEMA-co-MMA) were synthesized using free radical polymerization by varying the concentrations of hydrophilic monomer 2-dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA) and hydrophobic monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) having PDI value of 1.65–1.93. The DMAEMA monomer, through ternary amine with antibacterial property optimized copolymers, P(DMAEMA-co-MMA), compositions to control biofilm adhesion. Antibacterial activity of synthesized copolymers was elucidated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative Escherchia coli (ATCC 8739) by disk diffusion method, and zones of inhibition were measured. The desired composition that was PDM1 copolymer had shown good zones of inhibition i.e., 19 ± 0.33 mm and 20 ± 0.33 mm for E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The PDM1 and PDM2 have exhibited significant control over bacterial biofilm adhesion as tested by six well plate method. SEM study of bacterial biofilm formation has illustrated that these copolymers act in a similar fashion like cationic biocide. These compositions viz. PDM1 and PDM2, may be useful in development of bioreactors, sensors, surgical equipment and drug delivery devices.

scholarly journals Activity of Pyrazinamide against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at Neutral pH in PZA-S1 Minimal Medium

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Wanliang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Minimal Media

Susceptibility testing of tuberculosis (TB) drugs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential for the rapid detection of strains resistant to the drugs, providing the patient with effective treatment, and preventing the spread of drug-resistant TB strains. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is one of the first-line agents used for the treatment of TB. However, current phenotypic PZA susceptibility testing is unreliable due to its performance in acidic pH conditions. The aims of this study were to develop minimal media to determine the activity of PZA at a neutral pH at 37 °C to avoid problems caused by an acidic pH, which is currently used in PZA susceptibility tests, and to identify PZA-resistant M. tuberculosis in media with reproducibility and accuracy. Different minimal media were used to determine the activity of PZA using the broth microdilution method with M. tuberculosis H37Ra as the reference strain. The PZA-S1 minimal medium was proposed as the most suitable medium. PZA inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis in PZA-S1 at a neutral pH of 6.8, which is the optimal pH for M. tuberculosis growth. Moreover, PZA showed activity at a neutral pH on a PZA-S1 agar plate when using the disk diffusion method. PZA-resistant M. tuberculosis could be identified at a neutral pH in PZA-S1 minimal medium. This study establishes valuable information regarding the testing of PZA’s susceptibility in relation to M. tuberculosis at a neutral pH of 6.8 with reliability and accuracy in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Effective Inhibition of Candidiasis Using an Eco-Friendly Leaf Extract of Calotropis-gigantean-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas M. Ali ◽  
Basem M. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Dimorphic Transition ◽  
Primary Mouse

The approaches used for the green biosynthesis of nanoparticles with clinical applications have been widely used in nanotechnology due to their potential to provide safe, eco-friendly, cost effective, high-stability, and high-loading-capacity nanoparticles. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea (CG) alone or in a combination with the plant extract of CG (AgNPs/CG). AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the standard disk diffusion method revealed that AgNPs alone displayed anti-candidal activity (11.33-mm inhibition zone), while AgNPs/CG displayed a strong synergistic anti-candidal activity (17.76-mm inhibition zone). Similarly, AgNPs/CG completely inhibited the growth of C. albicans after 4 h of incubation, as measured using the time-kill assay. In addition, AgNPs/CG inhibited the dimorphic transition of C. albicans and suppressed both the adhesion and the biofilm formation of C. albicans by 41% and 38%, respectively. The treatment of Candida. albicans with AgNPs/CG showed a significant inhibition of the production of several antioxidant enzymes. Interestingly, AgNPs/CG did not show any cytotoxicity in animal cells, including the MCF-7 cell line and primary mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs), at the concentration used to completely inhibit the dimorphic transition of C. albicans. In conclusion, we identified AgNPs/CG as a promising natural-product-based nanoparticle that can potentially be used as an anti-candidal drug.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Colonization among HIV-Infected Patients Attending ART Clinic in West Amhara Government Hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manamenot Agegne ◽  
Bayeh Abera ◽  
Awoke Derbie ◽  
Gizachew Yismaw ◽  
Melashu Balew Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Background. Enterococci that colonize the intestinal tract of immunocompromised patients are an important cause of nosocomial infections. Data on the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated factors are scarce in the present study area. Therefore, this study was conducted aimed at determining the prevalence of VRE colonization among HIV-infected patients attending ART clinic at West Amhara Government Hospitals. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February 2017 to 31 May 2017. A total of 349 HIV patients were included in the study. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible associated factors for VRE colonization. Identification and confirmation of Enterococci from stool sample was performed based on the standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method on the Muller–Hinton agar plate as per the standard protocol, and resistance profile of the isolates was determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLIS). Data were analyzed using SPSS v23. Descriptive analysis was used to visualize differences within data. Moreover, the stepwise logistic regression model was done to assess factors associated with VRE colonization. P value was set at 0.05 to indicate statistical significance difference. Results. The overall colonization status of Enterococci was at 63% (220/349). The VRE colonization was at 17 (7.7% (95% CI: 4.9–12.0)). Among Enterococcal isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 142 (64.5%) were found resistant to two or more antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment (for >2 weeks) and history of hospital admission in the last six month were found statistically associated for VRE colonization (AOR = 10.18, (95% CI: 1.9–53.20)) and (AOR = 20.17; (95% CI: 5.22–77.93)), respectively. Conclusions. The observed VRE with multidrug resistance colonization need a periodic surveillance of antimicrobial testing to detect emerging resistance and prevent the spread of further drug resistance.

scholarly journals Farklı Enerji Kaynaklarında Geliştirilen Bazı Bacillus Suşları Tarafından Üretilen Sekonder Metabolitlerin Antimikrobiyal Etkisi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Ferit Can Yazdıç ◽  
Altuğ Karaman ◽  
Fadime Yazdıç
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast

In this study, it was aimed to determine antimicrobial activity properties of Bacillus sp. isolates in agricultural land in Kahramanmaraş. Bacillus isolation was done from soil samples collected agricultural land. These isolates were described as morphologically and biochemically. The antimicrobial activities in different carbon sources (glucose, fructose and saccharose) of the Bacillus isolates and reference Bacillus species against some bacteria and pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans) were examined by the disk diffusion method. At the result of the research, secondary metabolites of Bacillus isolates used in the study inhibited the growth of tested microorganisms in varying ratios (1-25,2 mm zone of inhibition). Three isolates (Bacillus sp. B6, B13 and B43) showed high antibacterial activity. It was found that Bacillus sp. B6, Bacillus sp. B13 and Bacillus sp. B43 produced antifungal secondary metabolites against Candida albicans at all used carbon sources (except Bacillus sp. B6- saccharose). More importantly, it was observed that Bacillus sp. B13 (1-11,67 mm zone of inhibition) and Bacillus sp. B43 (1,4-19 mm zone of inhibition) has antibacterial and antifungal effect against all pathogenic microorganisms when fructose is used as the carbon source.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition andIn VitroAntioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, and Larvicidal Activities of the Essential Oil ofMentha piperitaL. (Lamiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan da Silva Ramos ◽  
Alex Bruno Lobato Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Luzia Ferreira Farias ◽  
Ranggel Carvalho Simões ◽  
Mayara Tânia Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Larvicidal Activities

The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and the identification and quantification of components were achieved with the use of GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the method of sequestration of DPPH. Essential oils were used for study the cytotoxic front larvae ofArtemia salina. In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, we employed the disk-diffusion method. The potential larvicide in mosquito larvae of the third stage of development ofAedes aegyptito different concentrations of essential oils was evaluated. The major compounds found in the essential oils ofM. piperitawere linalool (51.8%) and epoxyocimene (19.3%). The percentage of antioxidant activity was79.9±1.6%. The essential oil showed LC50= 414.6 μg/mL front ofA. salineand is considered highly toxic. It shows sensitivity and halos significant inhibition againstE. coli. The essential possessed partial larvicidal efficiency againstA. aegypti.

Prevalence of SHV-extended spectrum β-lactamase producing carbapenem –resistantKlebsiellapneumoniae among patients with lower respiratory tractinfections in Babylon Province-Iraq.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Moeen Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Positive Results

This study was carried out to screen the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Babylon province.From December,2015 to the end of March,2016,a total of 100 sputum samples were collected from patients visited or hospitalized Merjan Teaching Hospital and Al- Hashimya General Hospital. Fifteenth (65%) isolates were identified as Klebsiellapneumoniae. All bacterial isolates were evaluated for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production phenotypically using disk combination method. Eleven (73.3%) isolates were detected as ESBL-producers. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to determine resistance profile of ESBLs-positive isolates. Higher rates of resistance were observed for ampicillin and piperacillin antibiotics with (81.8%) and (72.7%) resistance rate, respectively, while the lowest rate was noticed for imipenem antibiotic (14.28%). Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for blaSHV gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, 2 (100%) isolates gave positive results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document