scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES IN CONTROLLING OF THE BANANA WEEVIL BORER Cosmopolites sordidus Germar IN WEST SUMATRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsol Hasyim ◽  
Azwana Azwana ◽  
Syafril Syafril
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Predatory Ants

<br />The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, is an important pest of highland banana and plantain in Africa, but it exists in low densities in presumed area of origin in Southeast Asia such as in Indonesia. This suggests a possible existence of effective co-evolved natural enemies in the origin area of Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate banana weevil pest status at selected sites in West Sumatra, (2) to survey parasitoids and predators, and (3) to determine the control potential of the most important natural enemies. Surveys were undertaken in March 2002-August 2003 in five locations in West Sumatra, i.e., Bukittinggi, Sitiung, Pariaman, Pasaman, and Batusangkar. Five farms per site were selected randomly among all farms that contained banana stands of &gt; 0.5 ha. Sampling for banana weevil adults and damage, and for predators was done throughout small banana stands and within a 20 m x 40 m (0.08 ha) subplot on larger farms. Field-collected larvae were taken to the laboratory and reared on corm pieces (3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm) until pupation. Larvae were collected from pseudostem as well as corm residues. To estimate the abundance of non-social predators, i.e., those other than ants, 10 residues each on each farm were examined from plants that had been harvested 1-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks or 9 or more weeks before our visit to the site. Samples of the different morphospecies were saved in alcohol for later identification. The result showed that the banana weevil incidence was found to be low,  0.6-1.7 adults per trap. Plant damage indices were below 2.2%. We collected and reared 24,360 eggs and 3118 larvae, but no parasitism was detected. Phorids (Megaselia sp.) and drosophilids were recovered from larval rearings, but most likely were scavengers. A complex of predators was detected, the most important of which was the histerid beetles,  <em>Plaesius javanus </em>Erichson. In laboratory tests, adults and larvae of P.  <em>javanus</em> attacked 75-88% and 38-53% of banana weevil larvae and pupae, respectively. Predatory ants, including species of Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Formicinae, and Dolichoderinae, were found to be associated with banana plants and residues. Adults of Myopopone castanea Smith (Ponerinae) were directly observed attacking banana weevil larvae in crop residues. The adult banana weevil mortalities caused by the entomopathogen fungi of Beauveria bassiana from Baso, Sungaitarab, Sei Sariek, and Sikabau at highest density (3.2 x 108 spores ml-1) after two weeks were 96.67%, 90.00%, 60.00% and 83.33%, respectively. The high diversity of habitat conditions in which crop-pest-natural enemies systems exist, support the idea that banana weevil population and damage intensity in the study area is low due to active role of natural enemies.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES IN CONTROLLING OF THE BANANA WEEVIL BORER Cosmopolites sordidus Germar IN WEST SUMATRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsol Hasyim ◽  
Azwana Azwana ◽  
Syafril Syafril
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Predatory Ants

<br />The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, is an important pest of highland banana and plantain in Africa, but it exists in low densities in presumed area of origin in Southeast Asia such as in Indonesia. This suggests a possible existence of effective co-evolved natural enemies in the origin area of Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate banana weevil pest status at selected sites in West Sumatra, (2) to survey parasitoids and predators, and (3) to determine the control potential of the most important natural enemies. Surveys were undertaken in March 2002-August 2003 in five locations in West Sumatra, i.e., Bukittinggi, Sitiung, Pariaman, Pasaman, and Batusangkar. Five farms per site were selected randomly among all farms that contained banana stands of &gt; 0.5 ha. Sampling for banana weevil adults and damage, and for predators was done throughout small banana stands and within a 20 m x 40 m (0.08 ha) subplot on larger farms. Field-collected larvae were taken to the laboratory and reared on corm pieces (3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm) until pupation. Larvae were collected from pseudostem as well as corm residues. To estimate the abundance of non-social predators, i.e., those other than ants, 10 residues each on each farm were examined from plants that had been harvested 1-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks or 9 or more weeks before our visit to the site. Samples of the different morphospecies were saved in alcohol for later identification. The result showed that the banana weevil incidence was found to be low,  0.6-1.7 adults per trap. Plant damage indices were below 2.2%. We collected and reared 24,360 eggs and 3118 larvae, but no parasitism was detected. Phorids (Megaselia sp.) and drosophilids were recovered from larval rearings, but most likely were scavengers. A complex of predators was detected, the most important of which was the histerid beetles,  <em>Plaesius javanus </em>Erichson. In laboratory tests, adults and larvae of P.  <em>javanus</em> attacked 75-88% and 38-53% of banana weevil larvae and pupae, respectively. Predatory ants, including species of Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Formicinae, and Dolichoderinae, were found to be associated with banana plants and residues. Adults of Myopopone castanea Smith (Ponerinae) were directly observed attacking banana weevil larvae in crop residues. The adult banana weevil mortalities caused by the entomopathogen fungi of Beauveria bassiana from Baso, Sungaitarab, Sei Sariek, and Sikabau at highest density (3.2 x 108 spores ml-1) after two weeks were 96.67%, 90.00%, 60.00% and 83.33%, respectively. The high diversity of habitat conditions in which crop-pest-natural enemies systems exist, support the idea that banana weevil population and damage intensity in the study area is low due to active role of natural enemies.

Field surveys in Indonesia for natural enemies of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes M. Abera-Kalibata ◽  
Ahsol Hasyim ◽  
Clifford S. Gold ◽  
Roy Van Driesche
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
Field Surveys

scholarly journals The Role of Tungku Tigo Sajarangan in The Community Development Planning of Minangkabau, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Ardieansyah Ardieansyah ◽  
Ira Meiyenti ◽  
Elvira Mulya Nalien ◽  
Ilham Sentosa
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Deliberation Process ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Tungku Tigo Sajarangan holds a vital role in the deliberation process of the development in the Minangkabau community, regardless of the lack of synergy. This study aims to analyze and describe the position of this customary institution in the development planning of Bukik Batabuah Nagari in Candung District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. The qualitative methods used in the data collection were semi-structured interview techniques comprising 20 informants, as well as field observations and documentation. Subsequently, the results showed that there was synergy from the perspective of individual and behavioral dimensions. Although this synergy was not observed from the position dimension, especially the Cadiak Pandai element, it can still be overcome by mutual control.  Concerning the dimensions of the relationship with other parties, Tungku Tigo Sajarangan remains active and participates in providing recommendations and opinions. This activity was observed even though no village regulation came from the Bamus Nagari initiative in implementing the village administration. Consequently, it was concluded that Tungku Tigo Sajarangan has played an active role in the planning process for the development of Bukik Batabuah Nagari. Also, the research recommended that the leadership system should act as a civil society to participate consistently and supervise the policies of the Bukik Batabuah Nagari government, with good synergy and coordination between all related elements.  

Effect of the Pheromone Releasing Measure against the Banana Weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2808-2811
Author(s):  
Hui Lu ◽  
Qing Fen Ma ◽  
Yi Hai Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
Ecological Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, is the most important pest of banana in the world. The effect of the pheromone releasing measure, a kind of ecological control method, was investigated over 2 years in Nanbao Farm, Lingao county, Hainan, China. The pheromone used was Cosmolure+, a commercially available C. sordidus aggregation pheromone. There were 3 treatments, including 0, 5 and 10 pheromone traps/ha. Pheromone lures were changed monthly at which time the traps were moved to a different location within the stand. There were no significant differences in mean catches of C. sordidus per trap in the most of the investigation period except September 2009. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in plant damage between the pheromone treatment of 5 traps/ha and 10 traps/ha. The results also showed that the relationship between the mean number of weevils caught per month and average rainfall was not significant. Possible reasons for the 5 traps/ha efficacy in this study are discussed.

scholarly journals Reducing Cosmopolites sordidus populations and damage using traps baited with pheromone and plantain corm

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Osorio-Osorio ◽  
José Isabel López-Naranjo ◽  
Rosa Ma. Salinas-Hernández ◽  
Efraín De la Cruz-Lázaro ◽  
Cesar Márquez-Quiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Production Conditions ◽  
Banana Crops

The banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus is an important pest in plantain and banana crops throughout the world. The objective was to evaluate a mass trapping system based on traps baited with synthetic pheromone (sordidin) + plantain corm tissue to reduce C. sordidus populations and damage in the Centro-Chontalpa region of Tabasco state, Mexico. The experiment was carried out on plots of about two to three hectares of Horn plantain Musa AAB infested by C. sordidus. Treatments were four traps  ha-1, eight traps  ha-1 and a control (without traps). Population density and damage in corms of small plants (suckers) were reduced after six months of mass trapping, while damage in corms of mature plants (freshly harvested) only decreased signi cantly after 13 months of trapping. By doubling the number of traps, the reduction in the C. sordidus population and damage was not signi cant. The use of four traps  ha-1 baited with synthetic pheromone + plantain corm is a technically feasible strategy that provides at least partial control of this pest under local Horn plantain production conditions. 

scholarly journals Implementasi Peran Serta Masyarakat dalam Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Sumatera Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ramadhan Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Training

<em>Public participation is the active role of individuals, community organizations, or NGOs in the prevention and eradication of corruption. Forms of public participation contained in Articles 41 and 42 of Law on Corruption Eradication/PTPK. As a subject matter that will be explored, namely: 1) How does the implementation of public participation in efforts to combat corruption in West Sumatra. 2) What are the obstacles for people to take part in efforts to combat corruption. 3) Are efforts made to overcome the obstacles to participate in efforts to combat corruption. The research method used is the juridical sociological/empirical. Results and discussion of the study show that: 1) The role of the community in this regard NGOs in West Sumatra is high enough effort in eradicating corruption in West Sumatra, it is seen from the various agendas that have been implemented, one of which anti-corruption education among students. 2) Constraints were found to participate in the eradication of corruption is internal and external constraints.<strong> </strong>3) The efforts made by NGOs to overcome the internal obstacles are: Engaging the worshiper in discussions and training, open opportunities for students who have graduated to serve in institutions, maximize fundraising. While the effort to overcome external obstacles are: Enterprising discussions with law enforcement agencies, civic groups reported the formation of the government and the owners of capital who intimidate activists to the authorities, forming the Division Fundraising, is eager to press conferences and media discussion and establishment of shelters Monitoring and Advocacy Mafia Law.</em>

Role of spectrin in membrane fusion and in shape change of human erythrocyte ghost

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
John T. Penniston
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bank Blood ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Ghost

Spectrin is a membrane associated protein most of which properties have been tentatively elucidated. A main role of the protein has been assumed to give a supporting structure to inside of the membrane. As reported previously, however, the isolated spectrin molecule underwent self assemble to form such as fibrous, meshwork, dispersed or aggregated arrangements depending upon the buffer suspended and was suggested to play an active role in the membrane conformational changes. In this study, the role of spectrin and actin was examined in terms of the molecular arrangements on the erythrocyte membrane surface with correlation to the functional states of the ghosts.Human erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from either freshly drawn or stocked bank blood by the method of Dodge et al with a slight modification as described before. Anti-spectrin antibody was raised against rabbit by injection of purified spectrin and partially purified.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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