scholarly journals INCREASING YIELD OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT RICE BLAST CULTIVARS USING SILICON FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
NurulNahar Esa ◽  
Adam Puteh ◽  
Mazidah Mat ◽  
Roslan Ismail ◽  
Mohd Rafii Yusop
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Panicle Blast ◽  
The Impact

<p>Rice blast is one of the most critical limiting factors for rice plant growth performance. Silicon has been shown to have positive effects in controlling several plant diseases. The study aimed to investigate the impact of silicon levels on rice yield, silicon content, and panicle blast in rice plants. The study was set up as a 2 x 5 factorial experiment with three replications and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The first factors were two rice cultivars, MARDI Siraj 297 (resistant) and MR 263 (susceptible). The second factors were five levels of calcium silicate (0 g, 4 g, 8 g, 12 g, and 16 g) applied to 40 kg soil per pot. The standard fertilizers, i.e., N, P2 O5, and K2 O, were applied four times at the recommended dosage. High virulent of Pyricularia oryzae conidia (4 x 104 conidia ml-1) was sprayed using a hand sprayer (30 ml pot-1) at the time of fully completed panicle development (65 days after planting). Observed parameters were plant growth (height and culm length), yields (spikelets per panicle, grain filling percentage, and harvest index), panicle blast severity, and silica content in leaf, stem, and panicle. The results showed that silicon application reduced panicle blast severity, leading to higher yield per plant. The increase of the rice yield was a result of a significant increae in panicle per m2 , spikelet per m2 , and percentage of filled grain. Panicle blast greatly affected the performance of spikelet number per m2 , percentage of filled grain, grain weight, and yield per plant for the susceptible cultivar. Application of calcium silicate 10 g 40 kg-1 soil per pot at panicle initiation is recommended to reduce panicle blast severity hereby improve grain yield.</p>

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

scholarly journals Fertilization the Omission One Test as Determination Limiting Factors for Maize Biomass (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Koko Tampubolon ◽  
Bagus Fitra Azmi ◽  
Perdana Andriano Tamba ◽  
Ayu Widya Lestari ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The research was aimed to obtain information on the impact of omission one test fertilization as a determination limiting factors for the growth and biomass of maize in variety Bonanza F1. Materials and Methods: The research was located in the experimental field, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan from December 2020 until February 2021. The research was applied by Randomized Block Design in non-factorial through fertilization of omission one test that has been converted (urea : SP-36 : KCl = 0.75 : 0.50 : 0.125 g polybag-1). The treatment of this research include P0 = non-fertilization; P1= N+P+K; P2= P+K; P3= N+K; P4= N+P using three replications. The parameters include plant height, leaf growth, total fresh weight, total dry weight, and the percentage of relative yield then processed using ANOVA and continued with DMRT at 5% ± standard error with SPSS v.20 software. Results: Informed that the omission one test technique significantly improved all the characteristics of maize in the variety Bonanza F1. The highest increase in plant height was found in the N+P of 83.65%, meanwhile, the highest leaf and biomass growth characters were found in N+P+K, ranged of 50.00 to 177.81% and 487.60 to 507.37%, respectively. It was obtained that the limiting factor for the maize growth in variety Bonanza F1 was found in the un-fertilization of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Plant-Microbe Interactions in Alleviating Abiotic Stress—A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prabhu Inbaraj
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Crop plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperatures, flooding, metal toxicities, nutrient deficiencies which act as limiting factors that hampers plant growth and low agricultural productivity. Climate change and intensive agricultural practices has further aggravated the impact of abiotic stresses leading to a substantial crop loss worldwide. Crop plants have to get acclimatized to various environmental abiotic stress factors. Though genetic engineering is applied to improve plants tolerance to abiotic stresses, these are long-term strategies, and many countries have not accepted them worldwide. Therefore, use of microbes can be an economical and ecofriendly tool to avoid the shortcomings of other strategies. The microbial community in close proximity to the plant roots is so diverse in nature and can play an important role in mitigating the abiotic stresses. Plant-associated microorganisms, such as endophytes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are well-documented for their role in promoting crop productivity and providing stress tolerance. This mini review highlights and discusses the current knowledge on the role of various microbes and it's tolerance mechanisms which helps the crop plants to mitigate and tolerate varied abiotic stresses.

Impacts of Elevated Ozone and Ozone protectanton Plant Growth, Nutrients, Biochemical and Yield properties of Turnip (Brassica rapa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boomiraj Kovilpillai ◽  
Sethupathi Nedumaran ◽  
Sudhakaran Mani ◽  
Jayabalakrishnan Raja Mani ◽  
Sritharan Natarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Size Tuber ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Potassium

Abstract An experiment was conducted at woodhouse farm, Horticultural Research Station, Ooty, in the period of October 2017 to March 2018, to quantify the impact of elevated ozone and ozone protectants spray on plant growth, nutrients, biochemical and yield properties of turnip crop in a factorial completely randomized block design replicated thrice. The elevated ozone exposure significantly reduces the plant height, tuber size, tuber weight, Chlorophyll ‘a’, Chlorophyll ‘b’, Total chlorophyll, total nitrogen, total potassium, total Manganese, Iron, Zinc, Copper inturnip. Meanwhile, the elevated ozone exposure significantly increased the total phosphorous, catalase and peroxide activity inturnip. However, ozone protectants played a major role to nullify the tropospheric ozoneeffect on growth, physiology, development and yield of turnip and among them panchagavya performed well followed by neem oil and ascorbicacid.

scholarly journals CRITICAL VARIABLES OF MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RICE PLANT UNDER STAGNANT FLOODING CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nurwulan Agustiani ◽  
Sujinah Sujinah ◽  
Indrastuti Apri Rumanti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
System Control ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
The Impact

<p class="abstrakinggris"><span lang="EN-US">Stagnant flooding (SF) stress has contributed decreasing rice production in Indonesia. The study aimed to explore critical variables of rice growth that contribute to the decreasing grain yield under SF conditions and a common irrigation system (control). The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications to test 10 rice genotypes (Inpari 30 Ciherang Sub-1, Inpara 3, Inpara 4, Inpara 8, IRRI119, IRRI154, IR42, IR14D121, IR14D157, and Tapus). The water depth was managed according to the farmer’s practices for control, while for SF plots the standing water depth was gradually increased from 35 days after transplanting and was maintained at 50 cm until harvest. Results showed that plant height, tillering ability, leaf greenness, panicle number per hill and grain filling percentage were critical growth variables that affect grain yield at optimal conditions. The yield of the 10 genotypes decreased by 25–50% under SF conditions. Inpara 3 had the stable yield in those two watering conditions. Therefore, it could be used as a check variety for SF condition. Inpara 9 and IRRI119 experienced decreased yield of more than 50% under SF conditions. The key factors determining the decreased yield were tillering ability and green leaf level. Optimization of the two variables at SF conditions will largely determine rice yield associated with panicle number per hill and grain number per panicle. Results of the study are useful as preliminary recommendations for designing new variety and cultivation techniques to reduce the impact of SF stress on rice yield.</span></p>

scholarly journals Benefits of Biochar Compost (BIOCHOM) to Yield Rice Productivity on Tropical Swampland, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Wahida Annisa ◽  
Evy Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Soil Function ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar ◽  
The Impact

Biochar improves soil quality physicochemical. Biochar is a soil amendment created through the burning of biomass, has a potential solution for wide-ranging environmental management problems. Biochar has been shown to have positive outcomes on soil function to sequester carbon to slow the effects of global climate change. The objective of this research was to study the impact of compost biochar in increasing rice yields in tropical swampland. The design used in this study was a randomized block design, including (1) biochom 1 (without harvest waste compost + without biochar rice husk), (2) Biochom 2 (harvest waste compost 5 t/ha), (3) biochom 3 (rice husk biochar 5 t/ha), (4) biochom 4 (a combination of harvest waste compost 2.5 t/ ha + rice husk biochar 2.5 t/ha). The results showed that application of biochom 4 (a combination of harvest waste compost 2.5 t/ha + rice husk biochar 2.5 t/ha) increased of rice yield reached 15.21% compared to biochom 2 treatment (compost harvest waste 5 t/ha) and reached 17.78% with biochom 3 treatment (rice husk biochar 5 t/ha), compost without biochar treatment.

scholarly journals Compatibility of biocontrol agent formulas and synthetic fungicides in controlling maydis leaf blight on corn caused by Bipolaris maydis

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
Nurasiah Djaenuddin ◽  
Amelia Sebayang ◽  
Nurnina Nonci ◽  
Amran Muis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis

Abstract Maydis leaf blight caused by Bipolaris maydis is one of the limiting factors in increasing maize production. The application of biological control agents (BCAs) as a biopesticide to control pests and plant diseases expected to decrease synthetic fungicide usage and its impacts. Several researches showed that the formula of Bacillus subtilis biopesticide suppress the development of several plant diseases including maydis leaf blight in maize. Nevertheless, biological control agents cannot completely replace the need for chemical fungicides in the agro-ecosystem. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect and compatibility of several synthetic fungicides with antagonistic bacterial formulas in controlling B. maydis on maize. Five types of synthetic active ingredients used were difenoconazole, propinep, fluopicolide, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph. From the results of laboratory tests, 3 types of active ingredients with the highest inhibitory effectiveness be selected for the field test. Field treatments were arranged using a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors, factor I was biological control agents with 2 levels (T0 = without biological control agents, T1 = with biological control agents) and factor II was synthetic fungicide with different active ingredients with 4 levels (S0 = no synthetic fungicide, S1=diphenoconazole, S2=propinep, S3 = fluopicolide). Each treatment combination was repeated 4 times. The result showed that all the synthetic fungicides tested were compatible with the biological control agent. Fungicide with active ingredient of diphenoconazole was the most compatible with the BCAs showing the lowest disease severity value of 27%, while control treatment conditions without BCAs was 72%.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pupuk Organik dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Fajar Setyawan ◽  
M. Machfud Aldi ◽  
Abu Talkah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Nutrient availability is very significant in supporting plant growth. The low content of organic fertilizers and existing minerals appear as the primary limiting factors for soybean cultivation on acid soils. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the effect of organic fertilizers and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant growth and yield. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) factorial with three replications was employed, where the first variable involved the chicken and cow composts as well as Tithonia green fertilizer. Meanwhile, the second referred to PGPR at 0, 5, 10 and 15 ml.L<sup>-1</sup>. The results showed no interaction between the application of organic fertilizers and PGPR on soybean growth as well as the yield. Furthermore, the cow manure treatment of 10 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> reportedly increased the total dry weight and sample growth rate by 0.44 and 0.86%, respectively, compared to the chicken manure at similar composition. Also, 10 ml.L<sup>-1</sup> of PGPR was known to improve the pod quantity per plant and harvest index by 0.58 and 2.66% harvest index, correspondingly, than without PGPR.

scholarly journals Small-Sized Nanophosphorus Has a Positive Impact on the Performance of Fenugreek Plants under Soil-Water Deficit Stress: A Case Study under Field Conditions

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Alaa I. B. Abou-Sreea ◽  
Marwa Kamal ◽  
Dalia M. El Sowfy ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
Gamal F. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient necessary for plant growth, development, and reproduction. Two field experiments were carried out in 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 on P-deficient soil to evaluate the impact of foliar fertilization with nanophosphorus (nP) on growth, yield, and physio-biochemical indices, as well as trigonelline content of fenugreek plants under deficient irrigation (dI) stress (a deficit of 20 and 40% of crop evapotranspiration; dI-20 and dI-40). The growth and yield traits, leaf integrity (relative water content and membrane stability index), photosynthetic pigment contents, leaf and seed P contents, and stem and leaf anatomical features significantly decreased under dI-20, with greater reductions recorded under dI-40. In contrast, water-use efficiency, osmoprotective compounds, including free amino acids, soluble sugars, proline, and trigonelline, along with antioxidant contents (ascorbate, glutathione, phenolics, and flavonoids) and their activity increased significantly under both dI-20 and dI-40. However, foliar feeding with nano-P considerably increased plant growth and yield traits, leaf integrity, photosynthetic pigments contents, leaf and seed P contents, and anatomical features. Besides, water-use efficiency, osmoprotectant contents, and antioxidant content and activity were further increased under both dI-20 and dI-40. The positive effects were more pronounced with the smaller nP (25 nm) than the larger nP (50 nm). The results of this study backed up the idea of using foliar nourishment with nP, which can be effective in modulating fenugreek plant growth and seed production.

scholarly journals Impact of seasonal climatic variability on rice yield in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
JAIONTO KARMOKAR ◽  
M. AMINUL ISLAM ◽  
M. RAKIB HASSAN ◽  
M.M. BILLAH
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Boro Rice

In Bangladesh, 75% of the total cultivable area is under rice cultivation producing 25 million tons of rice and plays a vital role in the country’s GDP. The climatic variability is playing an important role in affecting the rice production. In this study, the impact of climatic variability (average maximum temperature (aMaxTemp), average minimum temperature (aMinTemp) and average rainfall (aRainfall)) on rice yield was determined in two different regions (northern and southern) of Bangladesh.The variability of rice yield and climate factors was determined by using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The data was analyzed over the 44-years period (1971 to 2014) in order to estimate the magnitude of these fluctuations statistically and graphically. We observed that the climate variables had significant effect on rice yield that varies among three rice crops (e.g., Aus, Aman, and Boro rice). We observed that, aMaxTemp has positive effects for Aus and Aman rice yield but negative effect on Boro rice yield. On the other hand, aMinTemp has negative effects on Aus and Aman rice yield but has positive effect on Boro rice yield. The aRainfall has a positive relationship with all rice yields in both the regions.

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