Downhill running increases bone mass accumulation and bone tissue morphology through TGF- β /Smad pathway in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghe Chen ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Aiguo Chen ◽  
Haixia Peng ◽  
Xianliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Smad Pathway ◽  
Downhill Running

Abstract Background: Compelling evidence has demonstrated that impact exercise can help to accumulate more bone mass. However, the cellular mechanism is less clear. The current study aimed to examine the effects of downhill running on osteoblast formation and the ability of mineralization in mice. The expression of transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b)/Smad pathway molecules was also determined. Methods: Twenty-eight 4-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were randomly assigned to either downhill running group (DG) or control group (CG). DG mice received a daily forty-minute downhill training on a decline treadmill (9 o decline) for 8 weeks. Eight weeks later, all mice were killed. Bone marrow stromal cells were collected and cultured for assessment of osteoblastic differentiation and the capacity of osteoblastic mineralization. We determined the protein (Western Blot) and mRNA (RT-PCR) expression of TGF-b, p-Smad2/3/4, and Runx2 in bone tissue. The bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphological changes were also examined. Results: Eight-week training significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) and enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase positive (ALP + ) osteoblasts in tibia epiphysis. Downhill running also promoted bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), while it decreased the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Additionally, the numbers of alkaline phosphatase positive colony forming units-fibroblastic (ALP ＋ CFU-f) cells and the area of mineralized nodule formation were significantly higher in training group compared with the control group. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of TGF-b, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were significantly elevated by downhill training, and the protein expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-Smad4 and Runx2 also increased in exercise group. Conclusion: The findings suggested that downhill running enhanced bone accrual in mice mainly by promoting osteoblastic differentiation and the ability of mineralization. The beneficial changes partly be regulated by TGF-b/Smad signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in laboratory in men with marfanoid habitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Timofeev ◽  
Tatiana I. Belousova ◽  
Elena V. Vutrih ◽  
Eduard V. Zemtsovsky ◽  
Andrey Yu. Olkhovik
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Power Shortages ◽  
Increased Activity

The aim of the research was the study of bone mineral density (BMD) and activity laboratory markers of bone metabolism in juniors with power shortages and marfanoid habitus (MH). Materials and methods: Twenty 119 males are underweight aged 18 to 25 years old (average age of 20.4 ± 1.5 years). All surveyed was conducted anthropometric, phenotypical, Echocardiography study to identify the mitral valve prolapse (MVP), laboratory examination of the bone forming token (Osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase), and the dissolution of bone tissue (β-CrossLaps), Dual-energy X-ray densitometry (L1-L4). Results: Revealed a significant reduction in BMD females with MH as compared to control (Z-criterion –1.23 ± 0.73 and 0.34 ± 0.80, STD, respectively, p < 0.00001). BMD significant decrease (–1.5 STD) found a third of individuals with MH and not seen in the control group, p = 0.01. When assessing young BMD depending on the severity of MVP statistically reliable differences had been received. At the same time that boys with MVP in conjunction with signs MH is characterized by the lowest BMD values. In the analysis of laboratory parameters revealed a significant increase in Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in the Group of persons with MH, indicating bone forming activity in these patients. At the same time, for people with MH is characterized by increasing the level of β-CrossLaps (marker of the dissolution of bone tissue). With the increased activity of the dissolution of bone tissue associated bone such signs as dolyhostenomelia, deformations of thorax and arachnodaktylia. Conclusion: bone signs dysembriogenesis involved in the diagnostic algorithm MH, contributes to the abnormal formation of bone tissue in these patients. For them is characterized by activation synthesis and dissolution of bone tissue, reducing BMD.

scholarly journals Plyometrics and lifestyle effects on bone mineral density among premenopausal women: demographic and physiological analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4126-4134
Author(s):  
Golda sahaya Rani R ◽  
Aruna S ◽  
Vijayaraghavan R
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Experimental Group

Bones have a numerous significant functions in the body such as supporting and protecting various organs of the body. Osteoporosis is a disease of bone characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, that leads to enhanced bone fragility and increased likelihood of fractures. Osteoporosis may be caused due to lower than the normal peak bone mass. Low bone mass results in faster rate of bone porosity and predisposes to osteoporotic fractures. Plyometrics is one of the most effective types of exercises for stimulating bone growth .The aim of the study was first to evaluate the effectiveness of plyometrics benefits on physiological parameters of osteoporosis among premenopausal women. Second to find out the association between the physiological parameters of osteoporosis among premenopausal women with selected demographic variables. The research approach was a Quantitative approach. Design adapted for the study was a true Experimental design with one control group and one experimental group. Data collected from 40 self help group women who were the members of kanchi sangamam from a selected area at chennai.sample were collected by using simple random technique.Based on the inclusion criteria and availability of premenopausal women, they were allocated into the control group (n=20) and experimental group (n=20)..plyometrics was given to the experimental group for 12 weeks. The control group did not receive an intervention. it was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics The study determined there is significant changes in physiological parameters of osteoporosis among the experimental group(p<0.001).as compared to the control group The study concluded that was an improvement in bone mineral density at the end of intervention.

scholarly journals Diagnosed Changes of Bone Mineral Density and Level of Calciotropic Hormones in Juvenile Hyperthyroidism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakhlo Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calciotropic Hormones

Abstract In childhood and adolescence, a genetically determined bone mass accumulates, which ensures the strength of the skeleton throughout life. But with thyrotoxicosis, a separation of the processes of bone resorption and synthesis and the formation of sites of osteoporosis and osteosclerosis occur, leading to the loss of 10% of bone mass in 1 cycle of remodeling. Because of the lack of information about this phenomenon, our work aimed to study the state of bone mineral density and levels of calciotropic hormones in children and adolescents with thyrotoxicosis. The study was conducted by 19 children and adolescents with thyrotoxicosis. The control group consisted of 23 healthy children and adolescents. All studies were conducted in the RSSPMCE. Thyroid status, PTH and vitamin D were determined using a closed-type immunochemistry analyser Cobas e 411 Hitachi company HoffmanLeRoche (Switzerland) and its reagents. Bone mineral density was evaluated by dual-energy absorptiometry on a Stratos X-ray densitometer from DMS, France. The results of the study showed that the average value of the level of vitamin D in the group with thyrotoxicosis was 12.3 ± 1.1 ng/ml, against 20.4 ± 6.2 ng/ml of the control group, while its deficiency was diagnosed in 84.2%, and its insufficiency - in 15.8% of pediatric patients. In the group with thyrotoxicosis, the average level of PTH was lower and amounted to 45.1 ± 23.9 ng/ml (p < 0.05) compared with the control (49.2 ± 21.3 ng/ml); hypoparathyroidism was found in 4.9 times more often than among healthy children, and 21.1% showed an increase in the level of PTH. In children and adolescents with thyrotoxicosis Z- index of the femoral neck, lumbar vertebrae and the general body were significantly lower than in the control group. 36.8% of children with thyrotoxicosis have osteoporosis. Conclusion: Thyrotoxicosis in children and adolescents causes a decrease in BMD and majorly increases the development of osteoporosis.

BONE MINERAL DENSITY OF THE RATS TIBIA AFTER MODELING OF ARTIFICIAL MENOPAUSE AND INFLUENCE OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
N. М. Kostyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Experimental Group

Early deficiency of female sex hormones provokes bone loss in various parts of the skeleton, which further requires therapeutic correction. However, it is known that vibrational oscillations are anabolic for the trabecular layer of bone, which have been studied in both animal models and humans under physiological norms. It is likely that this anabolic reaction does not occur evenly throughout the skeleton, on the one hand, due to the cushioning properties of muscle tissue, ligaments, joints, and resonance, on the other. The aim of the study is to assess the condition and mineral density of the tibia under the condition of artificial menopause and the influence of non-physiological whole body vibration (WBV) with acceleration 0,3 g. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 54 adult female Wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups: control group (n=18) – SHAM surgery, experimental group I (n=18) - rats with ovariectomy, experimental group II (n=18) - rats after ovariectomy + WBV. Rats of were subjected to total vibration with acceleration of 0,3 g for 30 minutes 5 days a week for 24 weeks. At the 8th, 16th and 24th week of the experiment CT-densitometry of the tibia was performed. Results. The greatest loss of bone tissue was observed in experimental group I at the 24th week of the experiment, which decreased by 23.5% compared with the control group. At the 8th week of the study, the rate did not change statistically, and at the 16th - decreased to 8.1%. In experimental group II, bone density did not decrease statistically at the 8th and 16th week of our study, however, at the 24th week decreased by -16% to the control group, and compared with group I, increased by +11,2 % on the 24th day. The cortical layer of the tibial bone tissue did not change statistically in the experimental groups in relation to the control group. Factors that can affect the anabolic response in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system are the parameters of vibration, in particular the frequency and level of vibration acceleration. In our experimental study, we observed a decrease in bone mineral density in rats with ovariectomy and compared with ovariectomized rats subjected to vibration. We observed a positive correlation between whole body vibration and bone mass increase, which may be due to the effect of increased mechanical stress on the skeleton. We also demonstrated the negative effect of time after ovariectomy on bone density in experimental rats. The use of vibration maintained normal bone mineral density for a long time, and until the 16th week of the experiment, but at the 24th week, rate decreased significantly compared with the control group, but was higher than in group I. Analysis of CT scans showed high values of mineral density in experimental group II (ovariectomy + WBV) compared with experimental group I. Conclusions. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the WBV inhibits the accelerated remodeling after ovariectomy and prevents the rapid loss of bone tissue for a long time. To this end, mechanical vibrations should be used in the early menopause to maintain normal bone mineral mass. This therapy can be used alone and as an adjunct to osteoporosis medication. Therefore, early detection of osteopenia and timely appropriate treatment is important, which, in addition to antiresorptive drug treatment, should include lifestyle changes and exercise.

scholarly journals Disparity in bone mineral density of males and females with age

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-438
Author(s):  
Nusrat Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females

Decline in bone mass with aging leads to osteoporosis and fragility fractures. It has profound effect on the morbidity and health quality of the elderly, creating financial burden on the society. Usually, age related loss in bone mass goes undiagnosed until a fragility fracture occurs. It was observed that the bone mineral density (BMD) was found to be lesser in females compared to males in all age groups. There were significant BMD differences between males and females from age 41 yrs and above, BMD declined with age in both males and females. The maximum decline was observed in age group of 41 yrs -50 yrs compared to the control group of 20 yrs-30 yrs. The decrease in BMD was highly noticeable in females, with osteoporosis from age group 51 yrs-60 yrs. It coincides with peri-menopausal and early after menopause period. In males osteoporosis was not observed until the age of 80yrs, though osteopenia have been observed from 41 yrs onwards. There is a paramount need of awareness about detrimental effects of aging on BMD in order to bring about necessary lifestyle changes and follow therapeutic measures. This enables us to attain higher peak bone mass and maintain higher bone densities.

scholarly journals Reduced Bone Density and Cortical Bone Indices in Female Adiponectin-Knockout Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (9) ◽  
pp. 3550-3561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorit Naot ◽  
Maureen Watson ◽  
Karen E. Callon ◽  
Donna Tuari ◽  
David S. Musson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Microcomputed Tomography ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Circulating Levels

A positive association between fat and bone mass is maintained through a network of signaling molecules. Clinical studies found that the circulating levels of adiponectin, a peptide secreted from adipocytes, are inversely related to visceral fat mass and bone mineral density, and it has been suggested that adiponectin contributes to the coupling between fat and bone. Our study tested the hypothesis that adiponectin affects bone tissue by comparing the bone phenotype of wild-type and adiponectin-knockout (APN-KO) female mice between the ages of 8–37 weeks. Using a longitudinal study design, we determined body composition and bone density using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. In parallel, groups of animals were killed at different ages and bone properties were analyzed by microcomputed tomography, dynamic histomorphometry, 3-point bending test, nanoindentation, and computational modelling. APN-KO mice had reduced body fat and decreased whole-skeleton bone mineral density. Microcomputed tomography analysis identified reduced cortical area fraction and average cortical thickness in APN-KO mice in all the age groups and reduced trabecular bone volume fraction only in young APN-KO mice. There were no major differences in bone strength and material properties between the 2 groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate a positive effect of adiponectin on bone geometry and density in our mouse model. Assuming adiponectin has similar effects in humans, the low circulating levels of adiponectin associated with increased fat mass are unlikely to contribute to the parallel increase in bone mass. Therefore, adiponectin does not appear to play a role in the coupling between fat and bone tissue.

Association Between Plasma Concentration of Klotho Protein, Osteocalcin, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Marchelek-Mysliwiec ◽  
Magda Wisniewska ◽  
Monika Nowosiad-Magda ◽  
Krzysztof Safranow ◽  
Ewa Kwiatkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Klotho Protein

AbstractPatients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) are susceptible to changes in metabolic processes. Partial loss of kidney function leads to homoeostatic disturbances in bone and fatty tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma concentrations of Klotho protein, FGF23, leptin, adiponectin, osteocalcin, and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with CKD in the pre-dialysis period. The study involved 52 patients with CKD and 23 patients with no kidney disease. In both groups, BMD, body mass index and serum or plasma concentrations of lipids, glucose, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, leptin, adiponectin, osteocalcin, Klotho, and FGF23 were measured. The group with CKD had statistically significant higher concentrations of leptin (p<0.001), parathormone (p<0.001), and osteocalcin (p<0.001) in comparison with the control group. Patients with CKD also had statistically significant lower BMD in the femoral neck in comparison with the control group. Osteocalcin correlated negatively with BMD. The results of our study suggest that elevated osteocalcin is the most sensitive marker of decreased bone mass in patients with CKD. Osteocalcin correlated negatively with BMD and GFR. The loss of bone mass in CKD patients was greatest in the femoral neck.

scholarly journals The influence of prolactin on bone mineral density (BMD) and some biochemical markers of ovariectomized rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
B. Dolińska ◽  
A. Suszka-Świtek ◽  
S. Dragan ◽  
F. Ryszka ◽  
R. Kołacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osseous Tissue ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Group

A model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was used in the study. 107 days after ovariectomy the animals were subcutaneously applied 1.0 IU PRL/kg BM or 1.0 IU calcitonin/kg BM for 7 days in single doses. The application of the preparations started again 80 days after the first application. After 194 days the animals were narcotized, blood was collected, and lumbar (L2–L4) and femoral bones were prepared. The material obtained was subjected to densitometric analysis of bone mineral density (BMD). In ovariectomized rats the loss of osseous tissue was observed only in the lumbar bone. The application of prolactin to ovariectomized rats caused an increase in the mineral density of the lumbar bone up to a BMD value equal to that of the control group which had not been subjected to ovariectomy (control healthy group – SHAM). Similar results were obtained in the case of calcitonin. An increase in osteocalcin concentration and activity of isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase (BAL), with a decrease in the activity of isoenzyme acid phosphatase (TRAP) was observed in experimental groups compared to control ones.

scholarly journals Physical activity, sedentary time and bone tissue: effects of an 8-months interdisciplinary program with overweight/obese children

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Júlio Brugnara Mello ◽  
Luís Filipe Gomes Barbosa Pereira de Lemos ◽  
Luísa Maria Aires ◽  
Gustavo Silva ◽  
Rafael Miranda Tassitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density

Moderate to vigorous physical activity plays a recognized osteogenic effect on bone. Moreover, sedentary time, and fat accumulation are unfavorable to bone health. Our study aimed (1) to examine changes in body composition, bone tissue, physical activity, and sedentary time; and (2) to explore whether changes in physical activity intensities and in sedentary time are associated with changes in bone outcomes after a school-based interdisciplinary intervention program. A total of 53 overweight/obese students (10.6 ± 3.5 year-olds; 26 girls) participated in physical activity classes. Bone area, bone mass, and bone mineral density z-score, body composition (fat mass, fat lean mass), physical activity, sedentary time and potential confounders (vitamin D and maturational status) were assessed at baseline, and 8 months later. General Linear Models were carried out and significance level was set at 5%. Changes in moderate to vigorous physical activity were positively correlated with changes in all bone mass indicators. We observed a significant overall effect of the intervention on bone mineral density z-score changes, however after adjustments for changes in sedentary time and moderate to vigorous physical activity, no effect was observed. Finally, variations in sedentary time and in moderate to vigorous physical activity play an important role in bone mass density in those participants of the interdisciplinary program.

Effect of vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 on bone mineral density in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
Ismail Solmaz ◽  
Mehmet Akif Ozdemir ◽  
Ekrem Unal ◽  
Ummuhan Abdurrezzak ◽  
Sebahattin Muhtaroglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mineral Density

Abstract Objectives Current treatment protocols in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are associated with high remission rates and long life expectancy, enhancing the importance of quality of life and prevention of treatment-related complications in patient care. As osteoporosis is a frequent complication in patients under chemotherapy, we investigated the effect of vitamin K2 (100 mcg menaquinone-7) and vitamin D3 (10 mcg calcitriol) on bone metabolism in children with ALL. Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients recently diagnosed with B precursor ALL (B-ALL) and treated according to the Turkish Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Berlin Frankfurt Münster 2000 protocol were randomly assigned into study and control groups. The study group (n=15, M/F: 8/7, age 1–14.5 years, mean 6.5 years) received vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 with their chemotherapy, while the control group (n=14, M/F 9/5, age 2–17 years, mean 7.1 years) received chemotherapy only. Serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b, carboxyl terminal procollagen propeptide (PICP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator nuclear kappa B ligand (RANKL) were measured and bone mineral density (BMD) was determined at baseline and first, second, third and sixth months. Results The study group had higher serum OPG/RANKL ratio and lower ucOC levels compared to the control group at the first month; PICP levels were higher in the study group at second and third months. Conclusions These results suggest an early beneficial effect of the combination of vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 on BMD in ALL patients especially during the period of intensive steroid therapy in the first months.

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