scholarly journals Parental Health Risk Perceptions and Preventive Measures on Children’s Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS) of Tobacco Cigarette in Malaysia: A Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suria JUNUS ◽  
Chii-Chii CHEW ◽  
Pravin SUGUNAN ◽  
Nurul-Fazlin MEOR-AZIZ ◽  
Nurul Ain ZAINAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Smoking Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Shs Exposure

Abstract Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure can affect physical development in children. An understanding of parental risk perception of SHS aid in developing protectives measures to prevent children from SHS exposure. This study aimed to assess parental risk perceptions of SHS and action taken by parents in minimising their children from exposing to SHS.Methods: This cross-sectional nationwide study conducted in 2018 conveniently recruited 289 parents with children up to age 12 at the public areas. Parents were asked to rate the risk level from 1 (no risk) to 5 (extremely high risk) by looking at the photographs of an adult smoked in the presence of a child in 8 different situations. The implementation of smoking restriction rules was assessed. Mean score was calculated with higher scores represent higher risk of SHS to child’s health. Linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the level of parental risk perception of SHS exposure to the children’s health.Results: A total of 246 parents responded. Their mean age was 35 years old (SD 6.4), majority were mothers (75.6%), Malays (72.0%), had tertiary education level (82.5%), and had a youngest child with mean age of 3 years (SD 3.1). The risk perception level was high [mean scores: 4.11 (SD: 0.82)]. Most parents implemented household (65.0%) and car (68.3%) smoking restriction rules. Negative risk perception level was observed among participants who were fathers with lower occupation class (p=0.005), lived with a smoker (p=0.023), allowed household smoking with open window (p=0.001), being a father and lived with a smoker (p=0.020), and mothers with managerial position while the fathers had a lower occupation class (p=0.038).Conclusion: Most parents perceived that risks of SHS exposure to their children was high but only two-thirds of them had set smoking prohibiting rules. Health policymaker should pay attention to tactors associated with negative risk perceptions among parents.Trial registration: This study is approved by Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia (Registration Number: NMRR-18-3299-44967).

scholarly journals Parental health risk perceptions and preventive measures related to Children’s second-hand cigarette smoke exposure in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suria JUNUS ◽  
Chii-Chii CHEW ◽  
Pravin SUGUNAN ◽  
Nurul-Fazlin MEOR-AZIZ ◽  
Nurul Ain ZAINAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Restriction ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Shs Exposure

Abstract Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure can affect physical development in children. An understanding of parental risk perception of SHS could guide efforts to develop measures for prevention of SHS exposure among children. This study aimed to assess parental risk perceptions of SHS and action taken by parents to minimise SHS exposure in their children. Methods This cross-sectional nationwide study conducted in 2018 recruited convenience sample of 289 parents with children up to age 12 at public areas. Parents were asked to rate the risk level from 1 (no risk) to 5 (extremely high risk) by looking at photographs of an adult smoking in the presence of a child in 8 different situations. The implementation of smoking restriction rules was assessed. Mean scores were calculated with higher scores representing higher risk perception of SHS to child’s health. Linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the level of parental risk perception of SHS exposure to their children’s health. Results A total of 246 parents responded. Their mean age was 35 years (SD 6.4). The majority were mothers (75.6%), Malays (72.0%) and had tertiary education level (82.5%), and non-smoker (87.1%). The mean age of respondents’ youngest child was 3 years (SD 3.1). The risk perception level was high [mean scores: 4.11 (SD: 0.82)]. Most parents implemented household (65.0%) and car (68.3%) smoking restriction rules. Lower levels of risk perception were observed among participants who were current smokers (p < 0.001), lived with a smoker (p < 0.001), allowed household smoking with an open window (p = 0.027). Conclusion Most parents perceived that risks of SHS exposure to their children were high but only two-thirds of them had set rules prohibiting smoking. Health policymakers should pay attention to factors associated with lower risk perception among parents. Trial registration This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia (Registration Number: NMRR-18-3299-44967).

scholarly journals Relationship between childhood secondhand smoke exposure and the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese non-smoking women: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e048590
Author(s):  
Kewei Wang ◽  
Yuanqi Wang ◽  
Ruxing Zhao ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
Lingshu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shs Exposure

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during childhood on type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese non-smoking women.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the SHS exposure data in childhood were obtained using a questionnaire survey. Self-reported childhood SHS exposure was defined as the presence of at least one parent who smoked during childhood.ResultsOf the 6522 eligible participants, 2120 Chinese women who had never smoked were assessed. The prevalence of SHS exposure in the entire population was 28.1% (596). SHS exposure during childhood was not significant for the standard risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.628) and hypertension (p=0.691). However, SHS was positively associated with hyperlipidaemia (p=0.037) after adjusting for age, obesity, education status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, current SHS exposure status, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In addition, childhood SHS increased the occurrence of coronary heart disease (p=0.045) among non-smokers after further adjusting for hyperlipidaemia.ConclusionSHS exposure during childhood is associated with prevalent hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease in adulthood among non-smoking Chinese women.

scholarly journals Risk perception regarding the COVID-19 outbreak among the general population: a comparative Middle East survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Abdel Hameed Shahin ◽  
Rasha Mohammed Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
General Population ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background People’s perceptions of pandemic-associated risk are key factors contributing to increased public participation in disease preventive measures. The aim of the study was to investigate risk perceptions regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, among the general population. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 723 participants, recruited from the general population of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan. Data collection was performed using a standardized risk perception assessment questionnaire, in April 2020. Results The mean score for the perception of COVID-19 seriousness was significantly higher and the mean scores for the perception of disease susceptibility and extent of anxiety were also higher among Saudi Arabian participants than participants from Egypt and Jordan. Participants from Egypt had significantly lower mean scores for the perception of efficacy and self-efficacy to cope with COVID-19, and significantly lower intention to comply with COVID-19 precautionary measures than the other populations. A significant positive correlation was detected between the perception of COVID-19 seriousness and self-efficacy to handle COVID-19, for the entire sample. The primary reasons reported by participants driving their willingness to perform certain preventive measures against COVID-19 was a feeling of responsibility toward their own health, followed by preventing transmission to other people and the feeling that COVID-19 can be serious. Most of the study sample reported a desire to receive information about COVID-19 treatment, ways to prevent disease contraction, and the incubation period for the novel coronavirus. Also, most of the study sample reported that they prefer receiving COVID-19 updates from national authorities. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, communications designed to promote the adoption of preventive behaviors should focus on increasing the perception of seriousness, the risk perception, self-efficacy to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effectiveness of the adopted behavioral measures for reducing risk. Health education programs that are tailored to various sociodemographic categories, to improve public awareness, perceptions, and attitudes, are vital for increasing the adoption of outbreak preventive measures.

scholarly journals Influence of trust on two different risk perceptions as an affective and cognitive dimension during Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea: serial cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e033026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Mo Jang ◽  
Un-Na Kim ◽  
Deok Hyun Jang ◽  
Hyemin Jung ◽  
Sanghyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Middle East ◽  
General Population ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Household Economic Status ◽  
The Government

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the affective and cognitive risk perceptions in the general population of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) during the 2015 MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea and the influencing factors.DesignSerial cross-sectional design with four consecutive surveys.SettingNationwide general population in South Korea.ParticipantsOverall 4010 respondents (aged 19 years and over) from the general population during the MERS-CoV epidemic were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were (1) affective risk perception, (2) cognitive risk perception, and (3) trust in the government. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors (demographic, socioeconomic, area and political orientation) associated with risk perceptions.ResultsBoth affective and cognitive risk perceptions decreased as the MERS-CoV epidemic progressed. Proportions of affective risk perception were higher in all surveys and slowly decreased compared with cognitive risk perception over time. Females (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.72–2.00; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.86) and lower self-reported household economic status respondents were more likely to perceive the affective risk. The older the adults, the higher the affective risk perception, but the lower the cognitive risk perception compared with younger adults. The respondents who had low trust in the government had higher affective (aOR 2.19–3.11; 95 CI 1.44 to 4.67) and cognitive (aOR 3.55–5.41; 95 CI 1.44 to 9.01) risk perceptions.ConclusionsThis study suggests that even if cognitive risk perception is dissolved, affective risk perception can continue during MERS-CoV epidemic. Risk perception associating factors (ie, gender, age and self-reported household economic status) appear to be noticeably different between affective and cognitive dimensions. It also indicates that trust in the government influences affective risk perception and cognitive risk perception. There is a need for further efforts to understand the mechanism regarding the general public’s risk perception for effective risk communication.

scholarly journals Setting-Specific and Symptom-Specific Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Ye ◽  
Jingya Huang ◽  
Liang Xia ◽  
Xiaojun Xu ◽  
Xiao Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Few studies have focused on the potential relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to explore the potential association between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms and differentiate this association in setting-specific exposure and symptom-specific outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangdong province of China from September to December 2010 using a multistage sampling method to randomly sample adults aged 18 years and older. SHS exposure was defined as inhalation by non-smokers of the smoke exhaled from smokers for at least 1 day a week in the past 30 days. Depressive symptoms were measured using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The zero-inflate negative binomial regression models were used to explore the associations between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. A total of 2771 non-smokers were included in this study, with mean age of 49.6 ± 14.0 years and 70.3% of females. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in participants with SHS exposure than in those without exposure (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.51), and there were similar positive associations for SHS exposure in medical facilities (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.17–1.61) and in schools (IRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.20–1.77). Notably, there was a monotonically increasing dose-response relationship between frequency of SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. When differentiating this relationship by the dimensions of depressive symptoms, there were similar dose-response relationships for cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms. When differentiating this relationship by sex, only females showed a significant dose-response relationship. Our findings suggest dose-response relationships between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms in sex-specific and symptom-specific manners. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish the biological mechanisms of the impact of SHS exposure.

scholarly journals Assessment of Environmental Attitudes and Risk Perceptions among University Students in Mersin, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulcin Yapici ◽  
Oya Ögenler ◽  
Ahmet Öner Kurt ◽  
Fazıl Koçaş ◽  
Tayyar Şaşmaz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Risk Perception

Background. Environmental destruction is one of the most important problems in this century. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the environmental attitudes and perceived risks associated with environmental factors of the students. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 7 faculties of Mersin University. The research data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, the “Environmental Attitudes Scale,” and the “Environmental Risk Perception Scale.” 774 students who filled out questionnaires were evaluated. Results. The sample included 55.8% females. Environmental Attitudes Scale mean scores of students were identified as 81.1±11.3. The highest perceived risk was release of radioactive materials associated with nuclear power generation. The environmental attitudes and risk perception scores were higher in Health Sciences than in the other faculties. Females were more positive towards the environment and had higher risk perceptions than the men. There is a negative correlation between age and resource depletion risk and global environmental risk score. Conclusion. Students had a positive attitude to the environment and had moderate-level risk perception about the environment. Environmental awareness of students, especially those studying in the Social Sciences, should be increased. The environmental education curriculum should be revised throughout all the courses.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Secara Online di Website Tokopedia (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa di Universitas Islam Indonesia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Ardianto Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of trust, safety, service quality, and risk perception on online purchasing decisions. The population in this study are all consumers who have made purchases through online Tokopedia. The sampling technique in this study using purposive sampling. The requirements to be sampled in this study are those who have made purchases through online Tokopedia. In the sense that the sample is consumers who have made purchases through online Tokopedia within the Indonesian Islamic University students as many as 96 samples. The analytical tool used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results show that simultaneously the four variables of trust, security, service quality, and risk perception simultaneously have an influence on Online Purchase Decisions on the Tokopedia Website, partially trust has a significant positive effect on Online Purchase Decisions on the Tokopedia Website, partially security has a significant positive effect on Online Purchase Decisions on the Tokopedia Website, partially service quality has a significant positive effect on Online Purchasing Decisions on the Tokopedia Website, and partially risk perceptions have a significant positive effect on Online Purchasing Decisions on the Tokopedia Website  

scholarly journals Risk Perception of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acceptability of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinonyerem Iheanacho ◽  
Okechuckwu Harrison Enechukwu ◽  
Chinelo Nneka Aguyi-Ikeany
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Web Based ◽  
North Central ◽  
Successful Vaccine ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background: Vaccines are highly anticipated for the control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, however their acceptance is critical for the desired benefit. This study assessed risk perception of COVID-19 and acceptability of its vaccine in Nigeria. It also assessed prediction of vaccine acceptance from risk perception. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based study was conducted among 410 participants in the six geo-political regions of Nigeria using a three-part questionnaire developed using Google forms. The questionnaire link was distributed via snowball method to consenting participants through online platforms. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square and binomial regression) using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 24 were used to analyze data, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 410 respondents participated in the study and high risk perception of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) was seen in 127(66.1%) of respondents. Vaccine acceptance was high in 233(56.8%) of respondents, and was significantly associated with geo-political region (P=0.028). Association between COVID-19 risk perception and vaccine acceptance showed that persons who had high risk perception of COVID-19 may not necessarily accept the vaccine (OR=0.450; 95% CI=0.297–0.683; P=0.000) and this was seen in persons with tertiary education (OR=0.458; 95% CI=0.297-0.706; P=0.000), married (OR=0.194; 955%CI =0.098-0.386; P=0.000), from South-south (OR=0.352; 95%CI=0.163–0.760; P=0.008) and North-central (OR=0.429; 95% CI= 0.189-0.972; P=0.043).Conclusions: High risk perception of COVID-19, and vaccine acceptance were relatively average. Regional and socio-demographic variations were associated with this finding, and it was also noted that high risk perception of COVID-19 may not likely result in vaccine acceptance. Strategic and targeted messaging on vaccine acceptance should be prioritised by stakeholders, to ensure successful vaccine implementation.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practices about Ebola Viral Disease among Journalists in Osogbo, Southwest Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Callistus A Akinleye ◽  
Samuel A. Olowookere ◽  
Olatunji A Olagunoye ◽  
Monisola Omoyeni Oginni ◽  
Ayoyinka Olufunmilayo Bolorunduro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

<p><span>The West African subregion presently faces the Ebola viral disease (EVD) epidemic. In order to control this epidemic, journalists need to inform the public. This study assessed their knowledge, attitude and preventive practices. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 93 journalists working in Osun State who completed a self administered questionnaire. Data collected was analysed. Mean (SD) age was 26.4±8.2 years ranging 18 to 49 years. Mean (SD) duration in practising journalism was 7.6±6.7 years (range, 1-20 years). Most had tertiary education (87.1%), were singles (74.2%), Christians (51%) and Yoruba (92.5%).  Despite good knowledge (58.1%) of EVD, most had low risk perception (46.2%). The only statistical significant predictor of good knowledge was religion. In conclusion, most journalists have good knowledge but low risk perception. Efforts to improve the risk.</span></p>

scholarly journals Risk perceptions and preventive preparedness towards avian influenza (H5N1) at live bird markets in North-central Nigeria: Public health implications

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Central ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Hpai H5n1 ◽  
Live Bird

Introduction: Live bird markets (LBMs) provide optimal conditions for transfer of infections, evolution of infectious pathogens and their transmission among animals and humans. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on poultry traders between October 2015 and May 2016 to assess their knowledge/awareness and zoonotic risk perceptions about HPAI H5N1, and biosecurity practices against the disease at LBMs in North-central Nigeria. Results: A total of 403 poultry traders: 261 bird vendors (67.8%) and 142 bird collectors (35.2%) with mean age of 42.3±12.3 years participated in the study. The majority of vendors (90.8%) and collectors (78.9%) reported that H5N1 outbreaks had occurred in Nigeria. Only 5.4% of vendors and 12.0% of collectors perceived handling of wild birds at markets to be of high zoonotic risk. Less than half of vendors (49.0%) and collectors (38.7%) practiced isolation of sick birds from the flocks as biosecurity measure. Vendors were less likely (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37-0.89) to possess satisfactory knowledge about HPAI H5N1 than the collectors. Poultry traders with tertiary education were more likely (OR: 5.81; 95% CI: 2.91-11.60) to practice satisfactory biosecurity measures against HPAI H5N1 than traders with no formal education. Significance: Though most traders expressed appreciable epidemiological knowledge about HPAI H5N1, their levels of zoonotic risk perceptions and practices of biosecurity measures in the markets were suboptimal, posing public health challenges. Development of educational programmes and regulatory measures that will enhance poultry traders’ awareness level and better biosecurity management of zoonotic risks prevention and control at LBMs is recommended.

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