Evaluation of the Anti-diabetic Activity and Lc-esi/ltqorbitrap/ms/ms Profiling of an Aqueous Extract of Pergularia Tomentosa L. Aerial Parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
seyeh Hamzeh Hosseini ◽  
Fereshteh Ezzati Ghadi ◽  
Abdollah Ramzani Ghara ◽  
Antonietta Cerulli ◽  
Sonia Piacente
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Group I

Abstract Background: Pergularia tomentosa L. is a milkweed tropical plant. In the Middle Est, the aerial parts of P. tomentosa are traditionally used as an anti-diabetic remedy. In order to find scientific evidence for the traditional use of this plant, the effect of an aqueous extract of P. tomentosa aerial parts by in vivo assay was investigated. Moreover, to achieve deeper insight into the chemical composition of the above-mentioned extract an analytical approach based on LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MSn was evaluated. Wistar rats were fasted overnights and diabetes mellitus induced using streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups (n=5): group I (normoglycaemic control), group II (rats treated with streptozotocin 50 mg/kg body weight), group III (P. tomentosa extract 200 mg/kg body weight), group IV (normoglycaemic treated with P. tomentosa extract, 200 mg/kg body weight). At the end of the treatment period, they were anesthetized under diethylether. Vital organs (kidneys, liver and pancreas) and blood samples were obtained for histopathological, biochemical and haematological analysis.Results: P. tomentosa showed a reasonable reduction in blood glucose level. Probably, P. tomentosa effect on hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic diabetic animals was associated to antioxidant properties, triglyceride levels, as well as the liver enzymes. Furthermore, the metabolite profile of the aqueous extract of P. tomentosa obtained by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MSn highlighted the presence of double-linked cardenolides along with cardenolides and flavone glycosides. Conclusion: P. tomentosa decreased the glucose level and induced beneficial effect on lipid profile. This study confirms the capability of cardenolide glycosides to decrease the level of glucose in the blood.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Animesh Hazarika ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Objective: To determine preliminary phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of Leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum.Methods: The ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum was prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard method and evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrheal effect using leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum by castor oil-inducing method. Animals were divided into four groups. Group-I was treated with distilled water 2 ml/kg body weight. Group-II was treated with loperamide 1 mg/kg body weight, Group-III and Group-IV were treated with ethanolic extract of leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively.Results: Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycoside, saponins, proteins and amino acids. The ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves given by oral route to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly showed antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induced diarrhea as compared with control group and standard.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum contain the high presence of phytochemical components and it showed that the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum having significant antidiarrheal activity. All doses of the plant extracts showed a significant delay in castor oil-induced diarrhea and this justifies the use of this plant as a herbal remedy against diarrhea. 

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic activity of rhizome extracts of Imperata cylindrical against alloxan-induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2704-2709
Author(s):  
Ranjana Kohli ◽  
Madan L Kaushik ◽  
Jai Parkash Kadian ◽  
Bhupendra Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Study Results

The anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Imperata cylindrical  rhizomes was investigated in alloxan-induced diabeties in rats. Diabetes was induced by a single 150 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of alloxan. Rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group i.e. the normal control group, diabetic control group, standard group (glibenclamide, 10mg/kg, p.o.), Test-I group (200 mg/kg ethanolic extract) and Test-II group (200 mg/kg aqueous extract). The above concerned groups were inoculated on 21st day. On the last day of the experiment, fasted rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The body weight was measured at the initial day and final day. The blood samples were collected for estimation of glucose. The loss of body weight in control group, but recovery was observed in drug treated group. The serum glucose level was significant increased in diabetic rats. However, significant improvement was observed in treated group. The biochemical parameters such as HDL and proteins level were decreased in the control group but maintained in drug treated group. LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride creatinine and urea were significant increase in control group however, reduced level in drug treated group. The present study concluded that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of I. cylindrical  rhizome showed an appreciable effect in reducing the hyperglycemia and the complications associated with diabetes. However, aqueous extract is found more significant in decreasing blood glucose level in comparison to the ethanolic extract. The study results justify the traditional use of the plant as anti-diabetic.

scholarly journals DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1117-1123
Author(s):  
Faiza Irshad ◽  
Rabia Sajjad Toor ◽  
Madiha Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Zingiber Officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae family) is knownas Ginger. It is famous for its antioxidant properties. Objectives: To evaluate the effects ofGinger aqueous extract on the serum creatinine and paired kidney weight in Alloxan induceddiabetic nephropathy of albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Period: 06 months01-01-2013 to 30 June 2013. Setting: Anatomy Department, Sheikh Zayed, PGMI Lahore.Materials and Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced with Alloxan intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg body weight) in Experimental groups B & C. Then the rats of experimental group C received200mg/kg body weight of ginger aqueous extract by gavage daily for five weeks starting from8th day after Alloxan injection. Results: Serum creatinine levels increased more in experimentalgroup B as compared to experimental group C. Group wise comparison of creatinine levelrevealed that the difference among control (A group) and experimental (B & C Groups) wassignificant having p-value <0.001. We observed that Paired kidney weight in experimentalgroup B increased as compared to control group A. Less increase in the paired kidney weightwas observed in experimental group C as compared to experimental group B. The differenceof mean paired kidney weight among three groups was significant having p-value <0.001.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the co-treatment of Ginger aqueousextract prevented alloxan induced diabetic nephropathy in albino rats. The aqueous extract ofGinger showed amazing results on paired kidney weight.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIDAGURI (Sida rhombifolia L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT PADA TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR HIPERURISEMIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Bunga Rimta Barus
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sida Rhombifolia

Sidaguri leaves (Sida rhombifolia L.) Have been shown to contain flavonoid compounds, where they are efficacious as hyperuricemia. This study aims to determine effectiveness ethanol extract of sidaguri leaves as antihyperuricemia in white rats. The study was conducted using the method of potassium oxanate induction and measured using glucometers. 15 animals were divided into 5 groups, namely negative control, positive control, group I combination of ethanol extract of sidaguri leaves 50 mg / kg body weight, group II ethanol extract of sidaguri leaves 100 mg / kg body weight, group III ethanol extract of sidaguri leaves 200 mg / kg body weight for 5 hours. Examination of antihyperuricemia effects is done by comparing the uric acid levels value of the rats before and after treatment. The results of this study indicate that the three dose ethanol extract of sidaguri leaves provide an antihyperuricemia effect and based on one-way Anova, Tuckey and LSD data analysis, shows that the dose of 50 mg / kg body weight is effective as antihyperuricemia and does not have a significant difference (p> 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that the dose is the most effective in decreases uric acid levels in white rats, which is a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight because it mostly decreased uric acid levels.

scholarly journals ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SCAEVOLA TACCADA (GAERTN) ROXB. LEAVES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma Wati ◽  
Irma Santi ◽  
Julfa Jafar ◽  
Adinda Putri Sangaji ◽  
Aulia Wati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Objective: The research aimed to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb leaves in hyperlipidemic rats WITH Cholesterol and triglyceride parameter. Methods: The research used 30 samples divided into 6 groups: group I (negative control) was given Sodium Carboxymethyl cellulose of 1% w/v , group II (positive control) was given simvastatin of 1.023 mg/kg Body weight,  Group III was given gemfibrozil 167.60kg/Body Weight, group IV, V and VI were respectively given ethanolic extract of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn) Roxb with the doses of 700 mg/kg body weight  900 mg/kg body weight, and 1100 mg/kg body weight. The sample was fed a high-fat diet during treatment and induced pure cholesterol for 28 days, the provision of dosage form was done orally once a day for 14 days and the measurement of rat cholesterol and triglycerides, level was done on day 0, 29, and 43. The research data were processed statistically by one way ANOVA test followed by Post Hoc Bonferroni test. Results: The result showed that the positive control group had no significant effect compared on ethanol extract Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. group (p> 0,5). Conclusion: The conclusion is the ethanolic extract of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. leaves had an activity in reducing cholesterol and triglyceride level in rat hyperlipidemia and with an effective dose of 1100 mg /kg body weight Peer Review History: Received: 19 September 2020; Revised: 15 October; Accepted: 26 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]    Dr. Rashad Mohammed Musleh Alnamer, University of Thamar, Yemen, [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF DRACAENA CINNABARI BALF. RESIN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SOQATRA ISLAND IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS HYPOGLYCEMIC AND LIPID LOWERING EFFECT OF AQUEOUS FRESH LEAF EXTRACT OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (LINN) IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS FED DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CHOLESTEROL ENRICHED DIET ESTIMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AS WELL AS APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CROCUS SATIVUS

Chemical composition analysis and in vivoAnti-diabetic activity of aqueous extract of aerial part of Pallenis spinosa in diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkrim Khettaf ◽  
Seloua Dridi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Significant Activity

Background: The aim of this work is to confirm the anti-diabetic activity of Pallenis spinosa as recommended in traditional medicine and the chemical analysis of the aerial part of Pallenis spinosa. Methods: The isolated compounds have been identified by the chemical methods and spectrometric analysis such as: UV, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. With regard to anti-diabetic activity, a series of experiments have been carried out in vivo on Westar albino rats. Diabetes has been induced in the animals by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocine; they have been treated a day with an aqueous extract from the aerial part infusion (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. Results: The chemical analysis of the aerial part of Pallenis spinosa has led to the isolation of five known flavanoid: Patuletin 7-galactopyranoside, patuletin-3-O-α-L-rharnnopyranosyl (1-6)-β-D-galactopyranoside, tricin 7-glucopyranoside, tricin and quercetin. The aqueous extract of both doses 250 mg and 500 mg has shown a significant activity in reducing blood sugar with 43.38% for the dose of 250 mg / kg and 37.76% for the dose of 500 mg / kg, as well as a significant decrease in the total fatness, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol levels in animals Treatment compared to diabetes control group (P = 0.05). We’ve used Glibenclamide as a reference, and it has shown similar results. Conclusion: In order to explore and develop new anti-diabetes drugs, more studies are needed on this plant for scrutinizing its mechanism of activity.

scholarly journals AgNPs Argovit™ Modulates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Genotoxicity on Peripheral Blood Erythrocytes In Vivo

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2096
Author(s):  
Idalia Yazmin Castañeda-Yslas ◽  
Olivia Torres-Bugarín ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Ramos ◽  
Yanis Toledano-Magaña ◽  
Patricia Radilla-Chávez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Genotoxic Damage ◽  
Average Size

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been studied worldwide for their potential biomedical applications. Specifically, they are proposed as a novel alternative for cancer treatment. However, the determination of their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects continues to limit their application. The commercially available silver nanoparticle Argovit™ has shown antineoplastic, antiviral, antibacterial, and tissue regenerative properties, activities triggered by its capacity to promote the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, in this work, we evaluated the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the Argovit™ formulation (average size: 35 nm) on BALB/c mice using the micronucleus in a peripheral blood erythrocytes model. Besides, we evaluated the capability of AgNPs to modulate the genotoxic effect induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) after the administration of the oncologic agent. To achieve this, 5–6-week-old male mice with a mean weight of 20.11 ± 2.38 g were treated with water as negative control (Group 1), an single intraperitoneal dose of CP (50 mg/kg of body weight, Group 2), a daily oral dose of AgNPs (6 mg/kg of weight, Group 3) for three consecutive days, or a combination of these treatment schemes: one day of CP doses (50 mg/kg of body weight) followed by three doses of AgNPs (one dose per day, Group 4) and three alternate doses of CP and AgNPs (six days of exposure, Group 5). Blood samples were taken just before the first administration (0 h) and every 24 h for seven days. Our results show that Argovit™ AgNPs induced no significant cytotoxic or acute genotoxic damage. The observed cumulative genotoxic damage in this model could be caused by the accumulation of AgNPs due to administered consecutive doses. Furthermore, the administration of AgNPs after 24 h of CP seems to have a protective effect on bone marrow and reduces by up to 50% the acute genotoxic damage induced by CP. However, this protection is not enough to counteract several doses of CP. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the exceptional chemoprotective capacity produced by a non-cytotoxic silver nanoparticle formulation against CP genotoxic damage has been reported. These findings raise the possibility of using AgNPs as an adjuvant agent with current treatments, reducing adverse effects.

scholarly journals ​Therapeutic Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma longa and its Component, Curcumin against Experimental Cryptosporidiosis in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alveena Ganai ◽  
Anish Yadav ◽  
Rajesh Katoch ◽  
Dibyendu Chakraborty ◽  
Pawan Kumar Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group I

Background: Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium spp. is a zoonotic disease and is the most prevalent pathogens worldwide and leads to severe diarrhoeal diseases and affects the immunological status of the individual. Thus, the study was undertaken to examine the anti-cryptosporidial efficacy of curcumin in comparison with ethanolic extract of curcuma longa in immunocompromised mice infected with oocysts isolated from cattle calves of Jammu region and identified as Cryptosporidium parvum using nested PCR on small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene. Methods: Two hundred female Swiss albino mice were equally divided into ten groups. Group I were kept as a healthy control, group II were immunocompromised, group III were immunocompromised and infected, group IV animals were immunocompromised, infected and treated orally with nitazoxanide. Animals in groups V to VII were immunocompromised, infected and treated with ethanolic extract of C. longa @ 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg/day/os respectively whereas groups VIII to X were immunocompromised, infected and treated with pure salt of curcumin @ 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg/day/os respectively for 5 successive days. Thus, mean oocysts per gram faeces, body weight gain and histopathological changes were measured in different groups. Result: Administration of curcumin as a therapeutic agent @ 8 mg/kg body weight for five days resulted in higher percent mean oocyst reduction of 74.03% and improved body weight gain in experimentally infected mice. Histopathological changes showed that treatment with oral curcumin (group X) in animals had minimal and improved intestinal lesions as compared to animals treated with C. longa (group VII). Altogether, curcumin showed promising anticryptosporidial effects under in vivo conditions and deserves further exploration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Aqueous Fruit Extract of Tamarindus indica on Body Weight, Lipid Profile, Some Electrolytes and Urea of Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
I. P. Ekpe ◽  
Dennis Amaechi ◽  
B. N. Yisa ◽  
O. G. Osarhiemen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: The objectives of this research is to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of T. indica on  weight, lipid parameters, some electrolytes and urea of Wistar rats Design & Methods: Twenty-five Male  Adult  rats were grouped into four  consisting of six rats each. Group I served as control group, group II was administered 100mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, group III was administered 150mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, and Group IV was administered 200mg/kg of the Aqueous extract. The administration took place for seven days, and on the eight day, The Animals were sacrificed. The blood samples was collected via cardiac puncture and used for analysis using a visible spectrophotometer. Results: From the result, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in body weight of Wistar rats. In the Test Groups; Serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very Low-density Lipoprotein and Triglycerides revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) compared to Group 1 which is the control Group but had a significant decrease (p<0.05) compared within test groups. For electrolytes concentrations, potassium, Sodium, Chloride and Urea concentrations was significant at p<0.05. Conclusion: the results above ,T. indica extract may help to maintain healthy weight, may have hypolipidemic properties, may help in body homeostatic and fluid balance and may also prevent renal damages. 

PSVI-1 Evaluation of the synergistic effect of iron and an aqueous extract of oak bark on rumen microbiome of cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
Kseniya Atlanderova ◽  
Galimzhan Duskaev
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract The search for new substances, alternatives to feed antibiotics in animal husbandry, is relevant in connection with the development of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. Substances of plant and mineral origin including nanoforms are of particular interest. The experiment studied the synergistic effect of iron (Fe; d = 80 nm) and an aqueous extract of oak bark (Ex; 1:10) on the microbiome of ruminal fluid of bulls (age 14 months, n = 5). Group I - control; Group II - Ex (0.6 ml / kg / lm); Group III - Fe (0.1 mg/kg/FM) with Ex in the same dosage. The collection of ruminal fluid was performed through a chronic ruminal fistula. Metagenomic analysis of cicatricial fluid was performed on a MiSeq device (Illumina, USA). Analysis of the data showed that the Bacteria domain is more influenced by Ex, there is a decrease by 27.0% (P ≤ 0.05), while in group III by 3.0% relative to the control. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes had the greatest importance, in group I their ratio was 39.3 and 54.7%, in group II - 37.7 and 56.4%, in group III - 46.1 and 47.0% of the total the number of bacteria. The use of Ex increases the amount of Bacilli by 14.7 and 13.4 (P ≤ 0.05) % relative to groups I and III. The introduction of the composition Ex and Fe increases Lachnospiraceae - 15.0% and Ruminococcaceae - 8.1% of the total number of microorganisms and reduces Streptococcus relative to other groups by 1.3 and 14.9% (P ≤ 0.05). Thus, the combined use of Ex and Fe affects the numerical value of microorganisms, as well as their ratio in the rumen through inhibition. At the same time, the data obtained require further research, including in vivo experiments. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (20-16-00088).

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