scholarly journals Assessment of undergraduate student knowledge, practices, and attitude towards COVID-19 in Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yared Asmare Aynalem ◽  
Tadess Yirga Akalu ◽  
Birhan Gebresellassie ◽  
Nigussie Tadesse Sharew ◽  
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract AbstractBackground: Novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease that has caused a global pandemic. As of April, 2020, there were 74 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Ethiopia, but none in Debre Berhan where this study was conducted. Under these conditions we sought to assess what undergraduate students at Debre Berhan University knew about COVID-19and how it shaped their attitudes and practices regarding this disease. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 18–24, 2020 among undergraduate students at Debre Berhan University. The data were checked for completeness, coded, entered into Epi Data VS 3.1, and then exported into STATA™ Version 14 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the relationship between study participants and the relevant variables. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors. Factors were selected with a backward stepwise method. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the associations between variables and knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP). Variables with a p value ≤ 0.05 following multivariable analysis were considered significant.Results: A total of 546 participants were included in this study with a mean age of 21.74 years old. In this study, approximately 73.8% of the study participants were knowledgeable about COVID-19 and their overall attitude was favorable. However, most participants showed poor practices in terms of containing potential virus outbreaks. In our multivariable analyses, people 25 and older (AOR = 1.6, 95%CI; 1.2, 4.6) and those who lived in urban areas (AOR = 4.3, 95%CI; 2.6, 15.8) were significantly associated with being knowledgeable about COVID-19. Moreover, we found that the source of information about COVID-19 (AOR = 2.3, 95%CI; 1.6, 8.7) was significantly associated with the attitude undergraduate students had about COVID-19.Conclusion: The undergraduate students at Debre Berhan University were moderately knowledgeable about COVID-19 and had an optimistic attitude towards its resolution. However, this optimism may be leading to poor public health practices within this community. Therefore, greater efforts need to be made through educational campaigns to inform the public of the necessity for proper practices in containing this disease.

scholarly journals Magnitude and associated factors of menstrual irregularity among undergraduate students of Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayneh Birlie Zeru ◽  
Enguday Demeke Gebeyaw ◽  
Esubalew Tesfahun Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Menstrual Irregularity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Menstrual irregularity is a common problem among women aged from 21 to 25 years. Previously published work on menstrual irregularity used inconsistent definition which results in a difference in prevalence. Therefore the study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of menstrual irregularity among undergraduate students of Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was carried out among 660 undergraduate female students at Debre Berhan University. To get representative study participants, a stratified sampling technique was used. To collect the data self-administered questionnaire was used. Physical examination and anthropometric measurement were also done. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Logistic regression analysis was done. A significant association was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Result A total of 620 students participated in the present study with a response rate of 93.9%. Out of the total study participants, 32.6% (95% CI 29–36.5) participants had irregular menstrual cycle. Significant association was found between anemia (AOR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.337–3.441), alcohol intake (AOR = 2.4; 95%CI 1.25–4.666), < 5 sleep hours (AOR = 5.4; 95%CI 2.975–9.888), 6–7 sleep hours (AOR = 1.9; 95%CI 1.291–2.907), Perceived stress (AOR = 3.3; 95%CI 1.8322–5.940), iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) (AOR = 3.9; 95%CI 1.325–11.636) and underweight (AOR = 1.8; 95%CI 1.109–2.847) with menstrual irregularity. Conclusion The finding of this study reported a low magnitude of menstrual irregularity as compared to previous studies. Students should adopt healthier lifestyle practices (weight control, stress control, anemia control, and avoid alcohol intake) to control menstrual irregularity.

scholarly journals Assessing the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of COVID-19 among Quarantine Hotel Workers in China

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Yi-Man Teng ◽  
Kun-Shan Wu ◽  
Wen-Cheng Wang ◽  
Dan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Hotel Workers ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

During the pandemic, quarantine hotel workers face a higher risk of infection while they host quarantine guests from overseas. This study’s aim is to gain an understanding of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of quarantine hotel workers in China. A total of 170 participants took part in a cross-sectional survey to assess the KAP of quarantine hotel workers in China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), descriptive analysis, and binary logistic regression were used to examine the sociodemographic factors associated with KAP levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that 62.41% have good knowledge, 94.7% have a positive attitude towards COVID-19, but only 78.2% have good practices. Most quarantine hotel workers (95.3%) are confident that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled and that China is handling the COVID-19 crisis well (98.8%). Most quarantine hotel workers are also taking personal precautions, such as avoiding crowds (80.6%) and wearing facemasks (97.6%). The results evidence that quarantine hotel workers in China have acquired the necessary knowledge, positive attitudes and proactive practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study can provide a reference for quarantine hotel workers and their targeted education and intervention.

scholarly journals Acute food insecurity and short-term coping strategies of urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic of 2020: report of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e043365
Author(s):  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Md. Golam Rasul ◽  
Md Shabab Hossain ◽  
Ar-Rafi Khan ◽  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Insecure Households

IntroductionWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the extent and to identify the determinants of food insecurity and coping strategies in urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the month-long, COVID-19 lockdown period.SettingSelected urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.Participants106 urban and 106 rural households.Outcome variables and methodHousehold food insecurity status and the types of coping strategies were the outcome variables for the analyses. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants.ResultsWe found that around 90% of the households were suffering from different grades of food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was higher in urban (42%) than rural (15%) households. The rural households with mild/moderate food insecurity adopted either financial (27%) or both financial and food compromised (32%) coping strategies, but 61% of urban mild/moderate food insecure households applied both forms of coping strategies. Similarly, nearly 90% of severely food insecure households implemented both types of coping strategies. Living in poorest households was significantly associated (p value <0.05) with mild/moderate (regression coefficient, β: 15.13, 95% CI 14.43 to 15.82), and severe food insecurity (β: 16.28, 95% CI 15.58 to 16.97). The statistically significant (p <0.05) determinants of both food compromised and financial coping strategies were living in urban areas (β: 1.8, 95% CI 0.44 to 3.09), living in poorest (β: 2.7, 95% CI 1 to 4.45), poorer (β: 2.6, 95% CI 0.75 to 4.4) and even in the richer (β: 1.6, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.9) households and age of the respondent (β: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.21).ConclusionBoth urban and rural households suffered from moderate to severe food insecurity during the month-long lockdown period in Bangladesh. But, poorest, poorer and even the richer households adopted different coping strategies that might result in long-term economic and nutritional consequences.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Maxillofacial Defects and their Prosthetic Rehabilitation among Dental Undergraduate Students in Belagavi District- A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shreya ◽  
Ramesh P Nayakar
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Maxillofacial defects are facial disfigurements resulting from congenital abnormalities, surgical resection of tumours, trauma, or a combination of these. The resulting deformity often leads to a difficult path of recovery with lifelong consequences, causing both physical disability and mental distress. Prosthetic rehabilitation is not only a solution to cover the physical deficit, but also a way to improve function as well as the quality of life for such patients. However, the knowledge amongst undergraduate dental health professionals about the same has been at sparse. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding maxillofacial defects and their prosthetic rehabilitation amongst dental undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 2020 and June 2020, amidst the third year, fourth year undergraduate students, and interns of Belagavi city, Karnataka, India. The data was collected using a 16-item custom designed proforma, comprising of questions evaluating student’s basic knowledge about the diagnosis, treatment procedures, and treatment planning of maxillofacial defects and their prosthetic rehabilitation. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test in each group, using SPSS version 22 p-value <0.05 to be considered significant. Results: A total of 286 participants answered the questionnaire, of which 117 (40.9%) were interns, 116 (40.6%) were third year students, and 53 (18.5%) were fourth year students. 279 (97.6%) participants had an understanding regarding maxillofacial defects. Of those who had witnessed cases, only 18.2% had observed more than three cases (p-value <0.001). Out of respondents with treatment understanding, 184 (64.3%) answered that it required a multidisciplinary approach (p-value <0.001). 197 (68.9%) of the respondents felt that silicone was the most commonly used material (p<0.003). 165 (57.7%) answered that waxes were the most commonly used impression material (p-value <0.001). Out of the respondents awared about treatment modalities, 120 (42%) respondents majority answered that CAD-CAM would contribute the most to maxillofacial rehabilitation. Conclusion: Comprehensive understanding and clinical application of prosthodontic rehabilitation of maxillofacial defects among undergraduate students was found to be lacking. This awareness should be initiated at an early stage of the clinical training for undergraduate training programme, as it will help to understand the basic aspects involved in the prosthodontic rehabilitation of maxillofacial defects.

scholarly journals Association between Smoking and Academic Performance among Under-Graduate Students of Pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Siham Sikander ◽  
Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi ◽  
Syed Aftab Rahim ◽  
Babar Hayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Prevalence of smoking is on the rise and its harmful effects on every organ of body are well known. Smoking is a growing concern due to adverse effects on health, its association with academic performance is not well studied. Objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence of smoking among undergraduate students of age 18-24 years in a public sector university of Islamabad, association between smoking and academic performance and also to assess the reasons of smoking initiation among undergraduate students. Methods The study included 500 undergraduate students. A self-report structured questionnaire was used to assess smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, parent’s smoking, friend’s smoking, time spent on mobile and TV and academic performance for collection of data. Logistic regression was used for association between smoking and academic performance. Results Results of study show that 112/500 (22.4%) students were smokers among them 93/112 (34.6%) were males and 19/112 (8.2%) were females. The mean age of study participants was 21.50 years (SD: 1.72. Prevalence of smoking was higher in students belonging to rural areas 23.5% to that of urban areas 21.9%. Three major reasons of smoking initiation; 25% students stated peers and friends, 21% stated easy availability while 14% said it was fun and enjoyment they started smoking. High academic performance was found to be inversely proportional to student’s smoking; at p-value 0.000 smokers had 2.5 (1.77, 3.74) odds of lower academic performance, boys having 2.17 (1.56, 3.03) odds of lower academic performance in last semester exams. Conclusion Findings highlighted extensive cigarette smoking among undergraduate students of Islamabad. Smoking is significantly and negatively associated with academic performance.

scholarly journals Awareness on Nanoparticles Incorporation in Dental Materials among Undergraduate Students - A Cross Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Aarthi Muthukumar ◽  
Revathi Duraisamy ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Nanotechnology is widely used in day to day life including its use in medicine. Using nanotechnology it is easy to analyse the atoms , chemical bonds and molecules present between various compounds. Use of nanoparticles in the field of dentistry is called nano dentistry. Chemical, physical and biological aspects of nanoparticles should be taken into account while choosing nanoparticles for the use in the field of nano dentistry. Nanoparticles are used in innovations of dentistry. Nano materials can be used for preventing and curing oral diseases such as oral cancer and to maintain oral health care. This study aims at evaluating knowledge and awareness of nanoparticles incorporated in dental materials among undergraduate dental students. A questionnaire with a set of 9 questions to assess the students knowledge and awareness about nanoparticles incorporation in dental materials. The sample size of 99 participants of dental students of Saveetha Dental College were selected by a simple random sampling method. The participants were asked to fill the questionnaire in an online site called survey planet. The results were collected and statistically analysed. Chi square test was done and it was found that 71% of the participants were aware about the use of nanoparticles in dental materials, even though it is statistically not significant (p value- 0.436), 73% of respondents were aware about nanoparticle incorporation in impression materials with p value 0.449 (not significant) and 72% were aware about use of nanomaterials in titanium implants(p value-0.340). Within the limitations of the study, it can be observed that the undergraduate students at the Faculty of Dentistry of Saveetha were well aware about the use of nanoparticles in dental materials.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARD CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-19 INFECTION AMONG RESIDENTS OF DELHI NCR, INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
UBADA AQEEL ◽  
MOHAMMAD DAUD ALI ◽  
ZEENAT IQBAL ◽  
MOHD. AAMIR MIRZA
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Objective: In the given study, we have carried out a survey among general population of Delhi NCR (India) for the knowledge, perceptions, and attitude toward coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and also attempted to reach to a few conclusions in the form of recommendations. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based online survey (using Google Forms) was conducted between April 2020 and May 2020 to investigative knowledge, perceptions, and attitude toward COVID-19. Chi-square test was used for the computation of p-value. Results: There were total 823 respondents, with 43.01% females and 56.98% males. Around 73.74% respondents believe that it has become a social stigma. About 75.09% were of the opinion that sneezing etiquettes can help in curbing the infection. About 93.43% of study population follows the personal hygiene, 24.78% wished to get insurance coverage. Similarly, interesting data were collected over different aspects of COVID-19. Conclusions: The current pandemic is the first exposure at such a large scale to the existing population but with the progression of time, authorities and general population are collating knowledge about the same. It is to be fought at all the fronts such as medical, social, economic, and psychological. Hence, this type of survey becomes an important tool in decision making.

scholarly journals Depression among the Non-Native International Undergraduate Students Studying Dentistry in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5802
Author(s):  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Samia Naz Isha ◽  
Mohammad Tawfique Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Nazeeba Siddika ◽  
Shah Saif Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Depression Status

Background: Bangladesh has been attracting international students with interests in various subjects recently. Every year students from different parts of the world come to study undergraduate and postgraduate courses, mostly at private universities in Bangladesh. This study evaluates the depression status among international students who are studying dentistry in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among International undergraduate dental students who enrolled in the Bachelor of Dental Surgery program in nine public and private dental colleges in Bangladesh. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. A total of 206 students completed the survey where 78.5% of them were female students and 21.5% students were male, and a CES-D 10-item Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection. The Cronbach alpha for the 10-item CES-D scale for this population is 0.812. Results: The majority of the students (79.5%) are below 24 years of age with a mean age of 23.22 years and standard deviation of 2.3, and are students who cannot communicate well in Bengali (Bangla), about 60% of them have experienced depression. About 77.3% (p < 0.00) of the international students having financial difficulties exhibited depression. The international students who went through financial problems were two times more likely to suffer from depression (OR = 2.38; p-value < 0.01). Conclusion: This study tried to highlight the struggles faced by international students in Bangladesh studying dentistry. It is evident from the findings that several factors influence students’ mental well-being during demanding dental education years.

scholarly journals Perception Regarding Oral Health Among Patients Visiting Dental Outpatient Department

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
Saima Asim ◽  
Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi ◽  
Syed Imtiaz Ahmed Jafry ◽  
Shikoh Naz
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral health among patients visiting dental OPD in hospitals of district Malir, Karachi. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted at dental outpatient departments of two hospitals of district Malir, Karachi. Methodology: A total of 393 participants were randomly interviewed by the principal investigator with the help of structured questionnaire developed specifically for the study after obtaining written informed consent over the study of 6 months. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Inferential analysis was performed using chi-square test whereas binary logistic regression was used to develop a risk assessment model for the study outcome. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Overall 31.8% of the study participants had adequate knowledge, 25.2% had adequate attitude whereas 32.2% had adequate practices with regards to oral health. Furthermore, multivariable analysis revealed that higher qualification of the study participants had significant positive associations with adequateness of all of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the study participants regarding oral health at p-value of <0.05. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and appropriateness of attitude and practices of the study participants was less than satisfactory. The higher education level had a positive impact over the oral health of the participants. It is recommended that healthcare providers and government, in their respective capacities, educate and persuade people to take better care of their oral health.

scholarly journals COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING PRACTICES IN AFGHANISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 259-271
Author(s):  
H. Niayesh ◽  
◽  
M. Aagard ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Children in Afghanistan are at greater risk of malnutrition. Over 50% of children were suffering from malnutrition in Afghanistan in 2012, which has a long-lasting physical, mental, social, and impact on children. Study purpose: The purpose of this research study was to explore the association between parents knowledge, attitudes, and practices about complementary feeding and stunting in children in Afghanistan. The predictor variables were mothers knowledge, attitudes, and practices about complementary feeding and the outcome variable was stunting status of children aged 6 to 24 months. Research methods:A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with randomly selected participants who were living in Kabul, Afghanistan. Logistic regressionmodels were used to analysethe data. Research setting: This research was conducted in 6 hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan. Study participants: The study participants included 306 mothers who had children aged between 6-24 months. Results: Mothers knowledge, attitudes, and practices were significant predictors of stunting in children, χ2 (9, N = 306) = 45.33, p < .001 χ2 (9, N = 306) = 26.71, p < .01 and χ2 (9, N = 306) = 56.97, p <.001.Mothers who did not practice responsive feeding were 7.1 times more likely to have stunted children than mothers who practiced responsive feeding. Social and policy implications: The social and policy implications of this research study include reviewing nutrition policies, investing in nutrition programs, and increasing public education and awareness in promoting appropriate complementary infant feeding practices in Afghanistan.

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