Adequacy of public health communications and health propaganda on the prevention of coronavirus disease in Jiangsu province: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: To measure the public’s awareness of COVID-19 and evaluate the adequacy of public health communications and health propaganda on the prevention of coronavirus disease in Jiangsu province.Methods: We made an electronic questionnaire and launched the survey during February 12 to March 12, 2020. Respondents were randomly selected and recruited from thirteen cities in Jiangsu province. An opportunistic sampling approach was also used to recruit new participants or members in the same household through referrals from existing participants. Data was collected through the “Questionnaire Star” system. SPSS24.0 version was used for data statistical analysis.Result：The effective response rate of completing questionnaire was 97.14% (2650/2728). Compared with traditional media such as TV (51.43%) and newspaper (14.91%), participants were more willing to choose new media such as websites (71.17%) and social platforms such as We-Chat (73.96%) to obtained health information. Chi-square test showed that women (54.14% vs. 48.49%), the 20-50 age group (24.22% vs. 22.94%, 32.69% vs. 31.40%, 28.92 vs. 27.77%) and urban residents (61.42% vs. 59.85%) had higher COVID-19 preventive knowledge level, urban residents had better attitude (60.29% vs. 59.85%), women (53.53% vs. 51.51%), the 30-50 age group (33.14% vs. 31.40%, 29.00% vs. 27.77%)), urban residents (61.50% vs. 59.85%) had good behavior. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that gender (females vs. males, OR=2.226, OR 95%CI: 1.346-3.682, P<0.001), age groups (<50 vs. >50 years old: OR=0.689, OR 95%CI: 0.561-0.847, P<0.001), areas (urban vs. suburban: OR=0.359, OR 95%CI: 0.219-0.588, P<0.001), knowledge level (high vs. low: OR=1.259: OR 95%CI: 1.188-1.335, P<0.001), and attitude (good vs. bad: OR=0.462 OR 95%CI: 0.342-0.626, P<0.001) were associated with good behaviors. The moderating effect and mediating effect shows that attitude mediates the influence of knowledge on behavior. (The 95% interval does not include the number 0(OR95% CI:0.002-0.013). All means of health propaganda can modulate the influence between knowledge and behavior (P<0.001).Conclusions: Providing adequacy of health propaganda and public health communications on the prevention of coronavirus disease makes the public fully understand the knowledge of COVID-19 and lead them to take preventive actions.

Download Full-text

COVID-19 mortality in women and men in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. e007225

Author(s):

Jyoti Dalal ◽

Isotta Triulzi ◽

Ananthu James ◽

Benedict Nguimbis ◽

Gabriela Guizzo Dri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Age Groups ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Age Group ◽

African Region ◽

Public Health Response ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sub Saharan

IntroductionSince sex-based biological and gender factors influence COVID-19 mortality, we wanted to investigate the difference in mortality rates between women and men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodWe included 69 580 cases of COVID-19, stratified by sex (men: n=43 071; women: n=26 509) and age (0–39 years: n=41 682; 40–59 years: n=20 757; 60+ years: n=7141), from 20 member nations of the WHO African region until 1 September 2020. We computed the SSA-specific and country-specific case fatality rates (CFRs) and sex-specific CFR differences across various age groups, using a Bayesian approach.ResultsA total of 1656 deaths (2.4% of total cases reported) were reported, with men accounting for 70.5% of total deaths. In SSA, women had a lower CFR than men (mean CFRdiff = −0.9%; 95% credible intervals (CIs) −1.1% to −0.6%). The mean CFR estimates increased with age, with the sex-specific CFR differences being significant among those aged 40 years or more (40–59 age group: mean CFRdiff = −0.7%; 95% CI −1.1% to −0.2%; 60+ years age group: mean CFRdiff = −3.9%; 95% CI −5.3% to −2.4%). At the country level, 7 of the 20 SSA countries reported significantly lower CFRs among women than men overall. Moreover, corresponding to the age-specific datasets, significantly lower CFRs in women than men were observed in the 60+ years age group in seven countries and 40–59 years age group in one country.ConclusionsSex and age are important predictors of COVID-19 mortality globally. Countries should prioritise the collection and use of sex-disaggregated data so as to design public health interventions and ensure that policies promote a gender-sensitive public health response.

Download Full-text

Ten-year trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86199-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kwang-il Kim ◽

Eunjeong Ji ◽

Jung-yeon Choi ◽

Sun-wook Kim ◽

Soyeon Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Age Group ◽

Hypertension Treatment ◽

Treatment Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Multistage Sampling ◽

And Control

AbstractWe analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database to determine the trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea over the past 10 years. In addition, we tried to investigate the effect of chronic medical conditions on hypertension management. We investigated the hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate from 2008 to 2017. KNHANES, which uses a stratified multistage sampling design, is a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean government. A total of 59,282 adults (≥ 20 years) were included, which was representative of the total population of around 40 million Koreans per year. The mean age was 50.7 ± 16.4 years and 42.6% were male. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity significantly increased over the 10 years. During this period, the hypertension treatment and control rate significantly improved. Hypertension treatment rate was significantly lower in the younger age group compared to the older age group, but the control rate among the treated patients was not significantly different between age groups. The treatment and control rates of hypertension were higher in patients with multimorbidity, which implies that it has a favorable effect on the treatment and control of hypertension. Hypertension treatment and control rate have improved over the past 10 years. The higher treatment and control rate in patients with multimorbidity suggest that the more aggressive surveillance might be associated with the improvement of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Prevalence of Periodontitis with Different Indices in Population of District Ghaziabad

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672041 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 023-030

Author(s):

Vimal Kumar ◽

Pallak Arora ◽

Manish Khatri ◽

Shivani Sharma ◽

Sumit Malhotra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Total Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sample Population ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Younger Age ◽

Study Population

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease with different indices. Methods & materials: The study population consisted of multistage stratified random sample of 1300 subjects from total population of district Ghaziabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted with multi stage stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample population. The subjects were divided into different age groups and the periodontal assessment was made on the basis of CPITN index and ESI Index. Results: The CPITN has shown to estimate incorrect periodontal disease prevalence because of its underestimation of the disease severity. A huge difference was noticed in the prevalence rate of periodontitis when subjects were examined with ESI index. Conclusion Periodontal disease was found to be highly prevalent in the study population and severity of disease increased with age. More number of subjects in younger age group were found to be healthy.

Download Full-text

Study on factors affecting fertility of Bangladeshi women

Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal ◽

10.47648/zhswmcj.2020.v0102.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (Number 2) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽

Nadia Begum ◽

Shila Rani Das ◽

Sultana Begum ◽

Mehruba Afrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle Class ◽

Rural Area ◽

Age Groups ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Middle Class ◽

Factors Affecting

This is a cross sectional study conducted among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age (CMWRA) with a sample size of 476 selected purposively using a semi-structured questionnaire in 2018 at Moulvibazar Sadar to explore the factors affecting fertility. The result shows that 55.26% respondents were within 35 years age whereas only 4.28% from age group 46-49 years age group, 33% of the respondents got married at <16 years of age and 18.70% were illiterate, 47.90% had primary education. It is evident that 76% of the respondents were from rural area; 88% were Muslims, 29.41% from lower middle class followed by upper middle class (25.42%) and poorest comprised only 7.56%. The result explored that 73.91% of the respondents were from age group 41-45 got married before 16 years of age followed by 36-40 years (68.24%), 46-49 years (66%), 20-25 and 26-30 years age groups 52.38% and 52.75% respectively; 73.33% of respondents from rural area got married at <16 years of age, 68.42% of the Muslim at <16 years. The study explored that 96.39% from poorer section and 83.33% from poorest section got married at <16 years of age. Current study revealed that 82.91% of the respondents having secondary education got married before 16 years of age followed by illiterate (82.02%). It is explored that the age at marriage is statistically associated with residence, education, wealth index and religion (p= 0.001, 0.03, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). We conclude that the sociodemographic condition contributes mostly to fertility differentials in Bangladesh.

Download Full-text

Study of Cervical Length in Bangladeshi Cadaver

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v5i2.53927 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 26-28

Author(s):

Zubaida Gulshan Ara ◽

ASM Shafiqul Islam ◽

Umme Kulsum Sharmin Zaman ◽

Anjuman Ara ◽

Reeva Aireen Busreea

Keyword(s):

Uterine Cervix ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Cervical Length ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Female Genital

This cross sectional descriptive study was done to see the length of the cervix in Bangladeshi cadaver to find out the anatomical variation and to compare it with other study findings. 60 post mortem specimens containing female genital organs particularly uterine cervix were collected by purposive sampling technique from cadavers of different age groups. All the collected specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution. This study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College from July 2006 to June 2007. Both gross and fine dissections were performed to measure the length of the uterine cervix. We compare our study findings with that of the references. Maximum mean length of the cervix was found in the 13-45 years age group. It was 2.89 cm. CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 26-28

Download Full-text

Age and sex variation in visceral adipose tissue

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20190113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Pallavi Panchu ◽

Biju Bahuleyan ◽

Rose Babu ◽

Vineetha Vijayan

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Age Groups ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Age ◽

The Difference ◽

Gender Pattern

Background: Adipose tissue mainly visceral fat is said to be harmful and acts as a harbinger of metabolic disorders. A changing trend is seen in the recent decades with decreasing incidence of metabolic disorders in men even though visceral fat is said to be higher in them. Sex hormones may influence the deposition pattern of adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to observe effects of age on visceral fat and to know if the difference in gender pattern of fat distribution is maintained throughout life or disappears after menopause.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Thrissur on 385 apparently healthy subjects using Omron body composition analyser. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0 version. The tests employed were NOVA, independent samples t-test.Results: In each age group, men had significantly higher visceral fat than females. As age increased, visceral fat increased significantly in both genders. In each group, except for younger age groups, VF levels were equal in men and women.Conclusions: Visceral fat is higher in men and this difference is seen in all age groups. As age increases, visceral fat levels also increased in men and women. The distribution of visceral fat is such that a greater number of men have high to very high levels at a younger age group, a feature observed in women only in the peri and post-menopausal age. Adoption of an active lifestyle coupled with healthy diet should protect against onset of metabolic disorders.

Download Full-text

Sociodemographic Analysis of Neural Tuberculosis in Brazil from 2010 to 2020

10.5327/1516-3180.501 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raissa Barreto Lima ◽

Thaís Machado Belitardo de Carvalho ◽

Matheus Campos Ribeiro de Souza ◽

Lara Teixeira de Oliveira ◽

Ana Carolina Pachêco de Menezes Rios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Severe Form ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Age Group ◽

The South ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevention And Health Promotion ◽

Using Data

Background: Neural tuberculosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bearing in mind that neural tuberculosis is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and results in significant morbidity and mortality rates, it is important to analyze its sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of neural tuberculosis cases in Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2020. Design and Setting: Cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study, carried out using data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS) of confirmed cases and hospitalizations for neural tuberculosis. Methods: Variables used: region, sex, age group, color/race and year of service. Results: In the period from 2010 to 2020, the number of notified cases of meningoencephalic tuberculosis was 7.451, with mean cases per year of 677.36. The Southeast region was the most affected with 43.8% of the total cases, followed by the South and Northeast regions, with 24.1% and 20.1%, respectively. There was a wide predominance in individuals aged 30-39 years (42.8%) and in the age group 40-59 years (35.9%). The male sex was the most affected with 63.3% of the total. Conclusions: The study shows a predominance of cases in the South and Southeast regions, with a significant prevalence of males and age groups of 20- 59. This could be an alert for new prevention and health promotion strategies for the most affected groups.

Download Full-text

A cross-sectional study on morbidity status among school going adolescents in Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 5201

Author(s):

Sathish Dev D. ◽

Sugantha Valli M. ◽

Gnana Sezhian M. ◽

Suganya E.

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Problems ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Adolescents represent about 21.8 percent of India’s population. Various health risks with potentially life-threatening consequences become prominent in this age group. This study was undertaken with the objective to determine the morbidity profile of school going adolescents in Tamil Nadu.Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional study was planned and conducted from January 2016 to August 2017. The study population included 987 adolescent boys and girls aged between 10 to 19 years studying in high and higher secondary Government schools of Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. Semi-structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool.Results: The mean age groups of this school going adolescent are 14.2 yrs. In the present study 583 (59%) of the study participants were affected by one or more morbidity condition. Among them, 395 (67.7%) were in the age group 10-14 years and 188 (32.2%) in the age group 15-19 years. 122 (21%) and 461 (79.1%) of male and female were affected respectively. In the present study, fever (21%) was the commonest reported morbidity followed by acute respiratory infection (15.7%) and acute gastrointestinal disease (13. 4%).Conclusions: This study shows that adolescents are prone to a wide range of morbidity conditions. Apart from respiratory and gastro intestinal diseases, reproductive tract infections and sexual health problems are important morbidities affecting this age group. There is strong need to sensitize health care practitioners at all levels, in both government and private sectors towards health problems in adolescent age groups.

Download Full-text

Sex differences in non-communicable disease prevalence in China: a cross-sectional analysis of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017450 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. e017450 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yan Liu ◽

Guofeng Liu ◽

Hongjiang Wu ◽

Weiyan Jian ◽

Sarah H Wild ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Chronic Lung Disease ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo describe the sex differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults aged 45 years or older in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNationally representative sample of the Chinese population 2011.Participants8401 men and 8928 women over 45 years of age who participated in the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).Outcome measuresSelf-reported data on overall health and diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, chronic lung disease, cancer or arthritis. Sex differences in NCDs were described using logistic regression to generate odds ratios (OR) with adjustment for sociodemographic factors and health-related behaviours. All analyses were stratified by age group for 45–64-year-old and ≥65-year-old participants.ResultsIn both age groups, men reported better overall health than women. The crude prevalence of heart disease, cancer and arthritis was higher while that of stroke and chronic lung disease was lower in women than in men. After adjustment, ORs (95% CI) for the 45–64 and ≥65 year age groups were 0.70 (0.58 to 0.84) and 0.66 (0.54 to 0.80), respectively, for arthritis for men compared with women. In contrast, ORs were 1.66 (1.09 to 2.52) and 2.12 (1.36 to 3.30) for stroke and 1.51 (1.21 to 1.89) and 1.43 (1.09 to 1.88) for chronic lung disease for men compared with women. ORs for heart disease (0.65 (0.52 to 0.80)) were lower in men than in women only in the 45–64 year age group.ConclusionsOdds of arthritis were lower while those of stroke and chronic lung disease were higher in men than in women in both age groups. However, odds of heart disease were lower in men than in women, but only in the group of individuals aged 45–64 years.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Self-reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Profiles of Health Among Women of Different Generations: A Cross Sectional Study

Fertility & Reproduction ◽

10.1142/s2661318219500154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 01 (03) ◽

pp. 141-147

Author(s):

Jodie C. Avery ◽

Lisa J. Moran ◽

Vivienne Moore ◽

Renae C. Fernandez ◽

Melissa Whitrow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Age Groups ◽

South Australia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Women

Objective: Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a lifelong disorder, very little is understood about the diagnosis and impact of this condition in women outside of the peak reproductive years. We examined the frequency of diagnosed PCOS and concurrent health conditions in women across the lifespan. Methods: Data were analysed from 1509 women aged 15–95 years participating in a cross-sectional, face-to-face population survey in South Australia, 2015. We assessed the prevalence of PCOS in 10-year age groups and the frequency of comorbidities in women with and without PCOS subgrouped by age (< 45, [Formula: see text] 45 years). The main outcome measures were Diagnosed PCOS and other chronic conditions; lifestyle factors. Logistic regression analyses determined the risk of comorbidities in women with PCOS adjusting for age and BMI. Results: Overall prevalence of PCOS was 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–6.9%), peaking in the 35–44 year age group (9.1%), and lowest in those aged 15–24 (4.1%) or [Formula: see text] 65 (3.7%) years. Women with PCOS and aged <45 years were more likely to report diabetes (16.7% vs. 3.8%), cardiovascular disease (15.5% vs. 7.2%) and arthritis (15.5% vs. 7.2%) than their peers; these differences were diminished in the [Formula: see text] 45 year age group. The odds of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were more than doubled among women with PCOS (adjOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.49–4.31; adjOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.31–7.68). Conclusion: PCOS is underdiagnosed in young and post-menopausal women. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are key comorbidities requiring greater attention in younger women with PCOS.

Download Full-text