GIS-Based Risk Mapping of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Survey in an Endemic Area of Central Iran

Abstract Introduction: [Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)] is Vector-borne infectious disease that is affected by various environmental agents. The main objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of CL incidence by using [Geographical Information System (GIS)].Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted during 5 years from 2014 to 2018 in Isfahan, Iran. We used the required data on each leishmaniasis patient that were recorded from 44 counties of Isfahan in databases and archive of provincial Health Centre. We used GIS for determining the incidence of CL in the high-risk foci. Moran index was used to identify high risk points (clustering in similar values) compared to the values of neighborhood points. Hot spot analysis was conducted by Getis-Ord-Gi. Results: The highest incidence of the disease occurred in the age group of 18-64 years and 61.6% of patients were male. According to seasonal distribution, autumn (58.6%) had the highest frequency. Time-trend of incidence showed that it had both decreasing and increasing, and there was a sudden upward trend of disease in 2018 except only two counties. The hot spots were involved the central areas of the Isfahan province slightly toward to the north and southeast of the province. Moran index showed that the differences for all points were not significant (p-value>0.05).Conclusions: Varzaneh (placed in southeast of Isfahan) was the hottest spot and had the worst position for leishmaniasis compared to all years and all cities.

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Histopathology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani in Sri Lanka

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/4926819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Harshima Wijesinghe ◽

Nayana Gunathilaka ◽

Saveen Semege ◽

Nishantha Pathirana ◽

Nuwani Manamperi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Leishmania Donovani ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Causative Organism ◽

Variable Intensity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The North ◽

Parasitic Load

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that is gaining importance in Sri Lanka and internationally. The clinical presentation, pathology, and method of parasite elimination in CL vary according to the species. Leishmania donovani is the causative organism for leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka. This collaborative cross-sectional study describes the clinicopathological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis among personnel of the tri-forces serving in the North and East of the country. The histology of fifty cases of CL confirmed by at least two methods (slit skin smear, lesion aspirate, tissue impression, and histology) was reviewed. The parasitic load was assessed semiquantitatively. The histological features were correlated with the clinical presentation and organism load. The majority (89.8%; n=44) presented with a single lesion mostly located in the upper limb (69.4%). The lesion types included papule (34.7%), nodule (32.7%), and an ulcer (30.6%). The evolution time of lesions averaged 31.55 weeks. Epidermal changes were observed in 49 of the biopsies and included hyperkeratosis (90.0%; n=45), acanthosis (44.0%; n=22), atrophy (34.0%; n=17), and interface change (66%; n=33). Dermal changes were seen in all cases and were characterized by a lymphohistioplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate of variable intensity with ill-formed granuloma in 19 cases (38%) and well-formed epithelioid granulomas in 22 cases (44%). Focal necrosis was present in 20% (n=10). Leishmania amastigote forms were observed in 88% (n=44). Transepidermal elimination (P=0.025), granuloma (P=0.027) formation, and type of lesion (P=0.034) were significantly associated with the organism load. Granuloma formation was associated with a reduction in organism load, indicating that the macrophage activation played an important role in the control of the organism.

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HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI

Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan ◽

10.26751/jikk.v12i2.1079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 327

Author(s):

Ikit Netra Wirakhmi ◽

Iwan Purnawan

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Health Centre ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Therapy

AbstrakLatar belakang: Sampai saat ini, hipertensi masih merupakan tantangan besar di Indonesia. Kepatuhan pasien dalam menggunakan obat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan terapi pengobatan. Adanya ketidakpatuhan pasien hipertensi dalam minum obat dapat memberikan efek negative yang sangat besar, seperti munculnya komplikasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan kepatuhan minum obat dengan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di Puskesmas Karangjambu Kabupaten Purbalingga. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Karangjambu Kbupaten Purbalingga. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dengan jumlah 86 responden. Data dikumpulkan pada bulan Mei 2021 menggunakan kuesioner 8 – Item Morisky Medication Aderence Scale (MMAS – 8) dan pengukuran tekanan darah secara langsung. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Sebagian besar responden adlaah perempuan (86%), sebgain besar berada pada kategori tingkat kepatuhan sedang (47%) dan pada kategori hipertensi tahap 2 (63%). Uji stastistik didapatkan nilai p value 0.901 menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan kepatuhan minum obat dengan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan kepatuhan minum obat dengan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi AbstractBackground: In Indonesia, hypertension is still a major problem. Adherence to treatment is critical for hypertension patients' long-term health and well-being. Adherence are required for hypertension therapy to be effective, and altering these patients' behavior has the greatest potential for improving hypertensive control. Objectives: To explore the relationship between medication adherence and blood pressure in hypertension patients. Methods: We used the cross-sectional study. This research sample was hypertension patients at Karangjambu Health Centre Purbalingga Regency. We included 89 respondents by accidental sampling technique. We collected the data by questionnaire. The Gamma & Sommers’d test was performed to analyze the data. Results: This research showed that that the majority of respondents were women (86%), the moderate category had the highest level of adherence (47%) and the most respondents suffer from hypertension stage 2 (63%). The statistical test result of 0.910 suggested that there was no relationship between medication adherence and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Conclusions: There was also no significant between medication adherence and blood pressure.

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Parallel and Concurrent Infection of Dengue Virus and Plasmodium falciparum among Patients with Febrile Illnesses Attending Bingham University Health Centre, Karu, Nigeria

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2020/v41i1230340 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

Nanret Kyeswet Suchi ◽

Haruna Isa Mohammed ◽

Adegbite Olutunde Ademola ◽

Pennap Grace Rinmecit

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Malaria Parasite ◽

Health Centre ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Teaching ◽

P Value ◽

Concurrent Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Gender

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the parallel and concurrent infection of dengue virus and Plasmodium falciparum among patients with febrile illnesses attending Bingham University Health Centre, Karu, Nigeria. Study Design: The study was a cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi and 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba-Lagos, between February and July 2017. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from 400 patients with febrile illnesses at the University Health Centre. The resulting sera was screened for dengue virus seromarkers (IgM, IgG and NS1) using Aria Dou dengue virus RDT kits (CTK Biotech, Inc, San Diego, USA) while malaria parasitemia was detected by Giemsa stained thick and thin film microscopy. Data collected were analysed using Smith’s Statistical Package (version 2.8, California, USA) and P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 400 patients screened, 12(3.0%) were positive for dengue virus, 20(5.0%) for malaria parasite while 10(2.5%) for dengue/malaria co-infection. Infection with dengue virus and malaria parasite was found to be higher among female subjects aged ≤30 years. However, age and gender were not significantly associated with both infections in this study (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the presence of dengue virus infection in the study area which probably may have been misdiagnosed and mistreated. Hence, differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses should not only be limited to malaria and typhoid as is always the case in our health care centres.

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Correlation of Ship Sanitation with Cockroach Density in Kendari Port Area

MIRACLE Journal Of Public Health ◽

10.36566/mjph/vol4.iss1/243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 102-112

Author(s):

Sriwani Supardin

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Port Area ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

The Relationship

Ship sanitation is an indicator of vessel cleanliness, vector control in 2017 no high-risk vessels were found, in 2018 there were 7 high-risk vessels and in 2019 there were 15 high-risk vessels. This study aims to determine the relationship between kitchen sanitation, food raft space and warehouse with cockroach density on ships in the Kendari port area. This type of research is an observational, Cross-Sectional Study design. The population is all ships berthed in the Kendari port area as many as 41 ships and a sample of 37 vessels taken by purposive sampling. Data analysis used fisher's exact test. The results showed that of the 37 ships, the highest density of cockroaches met the requirements (75.7%), the rest did not meet the requirements (24.3%). The kitchen sanitation met the requirements (75.7%), the rest did not meet the requirements (24.3%), then the food raft room sanitation met the requirements (83.8%) and did not meet the requirements (16.2%). Furthermore, warehouse sanitation fulfills the requirements (62.2%) and does not meet the requirements (37.8%). The results of Fisher's exact test obtained p value (0,000). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between kitchen sanitation, food raft space and warehouse with cockroach density on ships in the Kendari port area. Suggestions for the KKP to establish policies to prevent cockroach development.

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Analisis Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Postur Kerja Karyawan di Kantor Pusat PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk

Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan ◽

10.37012/jik.v12i2.390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 159-168

Author(s):

Nur Asniati Djaali ◽

Dhea Sylvia Fajriah

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Body Position ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

P Value ◽

Sports Activity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Work Posture

Work posture is the position of the body when doing work activities. Incorrect work posture is often caused by the location of equipment or facilities, workplace layout, inappropriate work environment conditions, or a combination of several of these factors. Any body position can cause discomfort and fatigue if maintained for a long time, including workers in the office. Therefore this study will be carried out Observation ns of workers at the Head Office of PT. Jasa Marga who works for 8 hours per day using a computer. To minimize the level of injury risk by knowing and identifying work postures on workers using computers. To assess the ergonomic risk of office workers that can cause Musculoskeletal Disorder is by observing ROSA. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. The statistical test used is Chi-square. And using simple random Sampling as many as 88 people. Univariate test results of this study showed that as many as 50 people have a high-risk work posture. based on the results of the bivariate test, it was found that the variables associated with work posture using the ROSA method were anthropometri factors and sports activity factors with p value 0.006 and 0.042. To prevent or reduce high-risk work posture should do modify or replace workstation in the office, and perform workplace stretching exercise when the muscles begin to tense.

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Viral Hepatitis-HIV Co-Infection and their associated factors in Negeri Sembilan - a cross sectional study from HIV Case Registry

10.21203/rs.3.rs-107926/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Siti Aishah Abas ◽

Ahmad Taufik Jamil ◽

Mohd Shahril Ahmad Saman ◽

Mariam Mohammad ◽

Sharifah Nor Ahmad

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Intravenous Drug User ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Male Gender ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Coinfection

Abstract Background: Viral Hepatitis HIV Co-infection is an important and preventable cause of chronic liver disease, and having them lead to many consequences, especially for those living in wrenched conditions. Thus it is a significant health issue in the communities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Viral Hepatitis-HIV Co-Infection and determine the associated variables with this Co-Infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done using HIV Case Registry ( Anti Retroviral -(ARV) line listing). We included 1274 patients who were seen under the HIV Clinic services, which were screened for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus ( HCV) upon registered to the clinic. Factors associated with the HBV-HIV and HCV-HIV were determined using bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis using SPSS and odds ratio was used as the measures of association. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the tests. Results: From the 1274 number of HIV patients, the prevalence of HBV-HIV is 5.6% (71 cases), while the prevalence with HCV co-infection was 14.8% (189 cases). As for the frequency of multiple HIV-Coinfection, out of 238 HIV cases with Co-Infection, the majority of 167 cases (70.17%) were HCV-HIV Co-Infected followed by 49 cases (20.5%) were HBV-HIV Co-Infected. In comparison, another 22 cases ( 9.24%) were Co-Infected with HBV-HCV-HIV. In the final model of HBV-HIV Co-Infection, only male gender, CD4 count category less than 199 cells/mm3 and primary care type of facilities were associated with the disease whereas, in the HCV-HIV Coinfection, only male gender, Malay race, Intravenous Drug User (IVDU) modes of transmission, and source of the case from high-risk screening program were associated with the disease. Conclusions: Co-Infection with HCV-HIV is more prevalent from HBV-HIV in our study population. A more targeted intervention of HBV revaccination and more frequent screening of HCV post HCV treatment as reinfection is anticipated in high-risk behaviour patient are some of the intervention programs that can be suggested.

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Child rearing practices in a rural community in Manipur: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193435 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 3246

Author(s):

Haobam Danny Singh ◽

Avinash Keisam ◽

Bishwalata Rajkumari

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Family Income ◽

Health Centre ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Rural Setting ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding

Background: The child rearing practices differ in communities, depending on their social customs, traditional beliefs and prejudices. Understanding these practices is important for the successful delivery of health messages and services. The present study was conducted in a rural setting to determine the child rearing practices as well as to determine its association with relevant socio-demographic factors.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 mothers residing in Kshetrigao area under Kshetrigao Urban Health Centre, Porompat, Imphal East. A pre-tested interview schedule developed by the investigator was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics like mean, percentage and proportion as well as chi-square and t-test were used for data analysis.Results: Majority (79%) of the mothers breast-fed their newborn within 6 hours after birth. Almost half (46%) of the mothers gave pre-lacteal feeds to their newborn. Majority of the mothers (57%) did not practice exclusive breastfeeding. About 90% of the children were completely immunized for age. Mothers who got married before the age of 20 years, being Muslim and who had caesarean section were significantly less likely to practice exclusive breast feeding (p value of 0.025, 0.012 and 0.000 respectively). Children whose mother belongs to Muslim religion, lower educational status, lower family income and who delivered at home were significantly less likely to be completely immunized (p value of 0.001, 0.003, 0.014 and 0.003 respectively).Conclusions: Giving pre-lacteal feed and not practicing exclusive breast-feeding were very common among the studied population.

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Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Anti Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v4i3.354 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Putra Siswanto ◽

Yanwirasti Yanwirasti ◽

Elly Usman

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Family Support ◽

Health Centre ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

High Burden

Abstrak Tuberkulosis merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia terutama di negara yang dikelompokkan dalam high burden countries termasuk Indonesia. Pada tahun 2012, Indonesia berada di posisi empat dengan jumlah penderita TB terbanyak di dunia. Berdasarkan laporan tahunan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang tahun 2010, kesembuhan di Puskesmas Andalas sebesar 75,9%. Angka ini masih dibawah target pencapaian nasional sebesar 85%. Pada tahun 2011, angka kesembuhan di Puskesmas Andalas naik cukup signifikan yaitu mencapai 88,24% yang melebihi target nasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara pengetahuan pasien TB paru dan dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan minum obat anti-tuberkulosis di puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang. Desain penelitian yang digunakan cross sectional study dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 26 orang penderita TB paru yang melakukanpengobatan di Puskesmas Andalas. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara kepada responden menggunakan kuisioner yang kemudian di analisis melalui uji chi-square dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%. Pada penelitian didapatkan hubungan antara pengetahuan pasien TB paru (p=0,000) dan dukungan keluarga (p=0,04) dengan kepatuhan minum obat anti-tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang.Kata kunci: tuberkulosis paru, kepatuhan, pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga Abstract Tuberculosis is a global health problem, especially in countries that are grouped in high-burden countries,including Indonesia. In 2012, Indonesia was in fourth position with the highest number of TB patients in the world.Based on the annual report of Padang City Health Department in 2010, succeed rate in Andalas Health Centre inPadang was 75.9% and this was below natonal target (85%). In 2011, succeed rate in Andalas Health Centre inPadang increased significantly, 88.24% which exceed national target. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge of pulmonary TB patients and family support to adherence of anti-tuberculosis drugs at the health center patients Andalas Padang. The design of this study was cross sectional study. There were 26 subjects of pulmonary TB patient on treatment in Andalas Health Centre which were taken by total sampling. Data were collected through interview using questionnaire and analyzed by chi square test with 95% confidence interval.The results showed an association between patients knowledge (p-value: 0.000) and family support (p-value: 0.04) with medication adherence in Andalas Health Center, Padang City.Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, adherence, knowledge, family support

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Epidemiological features of human brucellosis in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia province, China: a cross-sectional study over an 11-year period (2007–2017)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e031206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Di Li ◽

Lifei Li ◽

Jingbo Zhai ◽

Lingzhan Wang ◽

Bin Zhang

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Human Brucellosis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North West ◽

The Past ◽

The North ◽

Risk Areas

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of human brucellosis in the past decade and provide evidence of disease control in Tongliao city, which is one of the highest-risk areas of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia province, China.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsClinically and bacteriologically confirmed human brucellosis cases.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAn analysis of the reported cases of human brucellosis during 2007–2017 was carried out to describe the age, sex and occupational distributions of the cases. The time series analysis model and the geographical information system were explored to describe the seasonality and spatiotemporal distribution, respectively, at the county level.ResultsA total of 13 938 cases of human brucellosis was collected in Tongliao from 2007 to 2017; the majority was aged 25 years to 59 years (85.4%) and the male-to-female ratio was 2.64:1; most of them were agriculturalists (81.9%) and pastoralists (12.4%). The incidence rates increased dramatically from 9.22/100 000 in 2007 to 69.16/100 000 in 2011 with an annual increase of 14.99%. They decreased during 2012–2016 (annual decrease of 8.37%) and rose again in 2017 (44.32/100 000). The disease peaked during March–July, with a clear periodicity and trend of monthly anterior displacement since 2012. Jarud Banner, the region located in the north-west of Tongliao, had the highest accumulated incidence rate (130.1/100 000) compared with other counties. The high-risk regions were spread from the north-west to the south and east of Tongliao during the past decade.ConclusionsThe prevalence of human brucellosis in Tongliao was aggravated during the past decade and peaked during March–July. High-risk areas were mainly concentrated in the counties with extensive prairies and livestock.

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Dosage individualization proposed for anti-gout medications among the patients with gout

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0257082

Author(s):

Binaya Sapkota ◽

Suraj Chaudhary ◽

Prakash Gurung ◽

Anisha Humagain ◽

Sujan Sapkota

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Clinical Success ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Willingness To Participate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dose Individualization ◽

The Individual

Background The conventional one-size-fits-all approach has been criticized for almost all drugs used especially for chronic diseases, including gout. The present study was aimed to explore the need of individualization and optimization of the dose of anti-gout medications among gout patients. Methods Cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 randomly selected new gout patients visiting two gout treatment centers at Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Nepal and who were taking antigout medications. Patients not taking anti-gout medications and not showing willingness to participate were excluded. The eGFR was calculated with the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation (2009). Doses to be individualized were decided based on the Renal Drug Handbook and verified with the BNF 80. Data were analyzed via R 4.0.3 by applying the multinomial logistic regression to analyze statistical significance of risk with various predictors, and considering a p-value <0.05 statistically significant. Comorbidities were coded as per the ICD-11 coding and medicines were coded according to the WHO Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment 2020. Results The high risk of progression to CKD increased in the age range 54–63 and ≥84 years by 17.77 and 43.02 times, respectively. Also, high risk increased by 29.83 and 20.2 times for the overweight and the obese respectively. Aceclofenac 100mg was prescribed for maximum patients (30.5%). Need of dose individualization was realized in 30 patients, with maximum (7) in case of etoricoxib 90mg. Various glucocorticoids were prescribed for 36.9% patients, out of whom 3.8%required dose individualization and 15.9% patients with xanthine oxidase inhibitors, out of whom 1.3% required dose individualization. Conclusion Thirty cases required dose individualization, which was although minimal but could have meaningful impact on the clinical success of the individual patient. Based on the recommendation on dose individualization, those patients could be optimized on their therapy on future follow ups.

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