scholarly journals Factors Influencing Physicians' Departure from General Practitioners Field in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azad Shokri ◽  
Ali Akbari-Sari ◽  
Iraj Harirchi ◽  
Fereshteh Farzianpour ◽  
Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: Migration, intersectoral flows, early retirement, illness and premature death of General Practitioners (GPs), maintaining adequate and effective workforce has become a major challenge in many countries. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the departure of physicians from the GPs field in developing countries.Methods: We used qualitative research and performed as a conventional content analysis through in-depth interview. Sampling method was purposeful sampling which was performed with variation in individuals include policy makers and different situation in GPs (including immigration, unemployment, specialty student, employment in other non-medical jobs, etc.). Lincoln and Guba evaluation method were used to determine the validity and reliability of the study. The conceptual model was used to illustrate the situation and deeper understanding of the problemResults: The results of the interviews showed, eight themes, 22 sub-themes were identified as factors influencing tendency GPs to other states. Major themes included income, referral system, specialization, human resource policy-making, education related issues, working environment conditions, quality of life and community attitude. The causal relationships were shown inside and outside each theme in the conceptual model.Conclusion: According to the results, there are various factors that lead people out of the field of GP and their tendency to different states, while lack of awareness of policy makers and officials can make decisions for years to come. A wide range of interventions is recommended to reduce these stimuli include pre-selection reforms such as "information about physicians' working conditions", during academic training such as "changing hospital education to clinic education and rural community experience" and after entering areas of the medical profession such as "defining the career path for physicians 'distribution and physicians' career development" and long-term reforms include fundamental reforms to promote family medicine referral and change community attitudes.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Physicians' Departure from General Practitioners Field in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azad Shokri ◽  
Elmira Mirbahaeddin ◽  
Ali Akbari-Sari ◽  
Iraj Harirchi ◽  
Fereshteh Farzianpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: Migration, intersectoral flows, early retirement, illness and premature death of General Practitioners (GPs), maintaining adequate and effective workforce has become a major challenge in many countries. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the departure of physicians from the GPs field in developing countries.Methods: We used qualitative research and performed as a conventional content analysis through in-depth interview. Sampling method was purposeful sampling which was performed with variation in individuals include policy makers and different situation in GPs (including immigration, unemployment, specialty student, employment in other non-medical jobs, etc.). Lincoln and Guba evaluation method were used to determine the validity and reliability of the study. The conceptual model was used to illustrate the situation and deeper understanding of the problemResults: The results of the interviews showed, eight themes, 22 sub-themes were identified as factors influencing tendency GPs to other states. Major themes included income, referral system, specialization, human resource policy-making, education related issues, working environment conditions, quality of life and community attitude. The causal relationships were shown inside and outside each theme in the conceptual model.Conclusion: According to the results, there are various factors that lead people out of the field of GP and their tendency to different states, while lack of awareness of policy makers and officials can make decisions for years to come. A wide range of interventions is recommended to reduce these stimuli include pre-selection reforms such as "information about physicians' working conditions", during academic training such as "changing hospital education to clinic education and rural community experience" and after entering areas of the medical profession such as "defining the career path for physicians 'distribution and physicians' career development" and long-term reforms include fundamental reforms to promote family medicine referral and change community attitudes.

scholarly journals Standarisasi Observer OSCE dengan Rubrik dan Multivideo

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Ide Pustaka Setiawan ◽  
Noviarina Kurniawati ◽  
Rr. Siti Rokhmah Projosasmito
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Data Collection Session

Background: One of the factors influencing the validity and reliability of the assessment is the standardization of the observers in assessing students’ performance. A recent study by Setiawan (2011) found that there is differences in the standard of assessment used by general practitioners and specialized doctors in assessing students in OSCE.7 These differences are considered to be harmful for the students, therefore needs to be improved. Several training methods are developed to overcome the problem. This study aims to assess whether rubric and multi video can be used as a means of standardization of OSCE observers.Method: This was an experimental action research. The instruments used in this study were checklist, rubric, and video recording of students doing OSCE (n=5), which further be called multi-video. The subjects of the study were the OSCE observers in station Integrated Patient Management (IPM) who were divided into control and treatment group. The subjects assessed students’ performance from the multi-video in two data collection sessions. In the first session, both control and treatment group used checklist for assessing the multi-video. Furthermore in the second session, the control group did as the first data collection session, while the treatment group used checklist and rubric for assessing the multivideo. The result of which compared and tested using independent sample t-test.Results: As many as 33 observers, which consists of 23 general practitioners (GP) and 10 specialized doctors (SP), participated in the first data collection session. In the second data collection session, 28 observers consist of 20 GPs and 8 SPs participated. The result of the first data collection session, which used only checklist as an instrument, showed a significant difference in the standard of assessment used by the GPS and SPs (p<0.05), whereas the second data collection session, which used rubric as an additional instrument for the treatment group, showed no significant difference between GPs and SPs in the standard of assessment (p>0.05).Conclusion: Rubrics and multi video can be used as a means of standardization of OSCE observer in assessing students’ performance. 

scholarly journals Psychometric evaluation of instruments measuring the work environment of healthcare professionals in hospitals: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 545-557
Author(s):  
Susanne M Maassen ◽  
Anne Marie J W Weggelaar Jansen ◽  
Gerard Brekelmans ◽  
Hester Vermeulen ◽  
Catharina J van Oostveen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Purpose Research shows that the professional healthcare working environment influences the quality of care, safety climate, productivity, and motivation, happiness, and health of staff. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to assess instruments that provide valid, reliable and succinct measures of health care professionals’ work environment (WE) in hospitals. Data sources Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL EBSCOhost and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception through December 2018. Study selection Pre-defined eligibility criteria (written in English, original work-environment instrument for healthcare professionals and not a translation, describing psychometric properties as construct validity and reliability) were used to detect studies describing instruments developed to measure the working environment. Data extraction After screening 6397 titles and abstracts, we included 37 papers. Two reviewers independently assessed the 37 instruments on content and psychometric quality following the COSMIN guideline. Results of data synthesis Our paper analysis revealed a diversity of items measured. The items were mapped into 48 elements on aspects of the healthcare professional’s WE. Quality assessment also revealed a wide range of methodological flaws in all studies. Conclusions We found a large variety of instruments that measure the professional healthcare environment. Analysis uncovered content diversity and diverse methodological flaws in available instruments. Two succinct, interprofessional instruments scored best on psychometrical quality and are promising for the measurement of the working environment in hospitals. However, further psychometric validation and an evaluation of their content is recommended.

Factors influencing cloud computing adoption for e-government implementation in developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathey Mohammed ◽  
Othman Ibrahim ◽  
Norafida Ithnin
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cloud Computing Adoption ◽  
Proposed Model

Purpose This paper aims to develop a model and measurement to investigate the factors influencing cloud computing adoption as a part of developing countries’ alternatives to implement e-government services. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes a theoretical model based on the literature of technology adoption models. It constructs scale measurements for the proposed model constructs by extracting and adapting the items from the literature. The authors verify the scales’ content validity and reliability by applying face validity, pre-testing and pilot study. For the pilot study, the authors collect the data from 26 information technology staff in five public organizations in Yemen. The authors test the reliability of the scales using Cronbach’s alpha criterion, and then conduct exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the validity of the scales. Findings The results show that the scale measurements meet the conventional criteria of reliability and validity. Originality/value Theoretically, this paper provides an integrated model for examining cloud computing adoption for e-government implementation in developing countries. In addition, it develops an instrument to empirically investigate the influencing factors of cloud computing adoption in the context of developing countries’ e-government initiatives.

scholarly journals The Effect of Value Add Tax on Economic Growth and Its Sources in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Seyed Hossein Ghaffarian Kolahi ◽  
Zaleha Bt Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Positive Effect

Today the role of economic growth for its effect on social welfare is undeniable. For this reason, the factors influencing the economic growth are taken into account by policy makers and researchers. On the other hand, the VAT has been considered by most of the countries due to its numerous advantages and benefits. Hence, investigating how this type of tax affects the economic growth seems to be indispensable, particularly in developing countries. In this study, the effect of value added tax on economic growth was examined especially on the developing countries. In details, the effects of VAT on the economic growth of 19 developing countries for duration of 1995 to 2010 were investigated. For analysing the data, the GMM panel was employed because of the structure of the model. Afterwards, the effect of VAT through the channel of saving on the capital accumulation and productivity and ultimately the economic growth was examined. The results revealed that VAT has a negative effect on capital accumulation growth in the level; the positive effect of VAT on the level of economic growth seems to have been imposed through channels other than the increase of saving and its effect on capital accumulation.

Talking EPC - speech pathologists' views of the Enhanced Primary Care items four years on

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemma Skeat ◽  
Angela Morgan ◽  
Tristan Nickless
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speech Pathologists ◽  
Effective Use

Background.Allied health professionals have provided services under Enhanced Primary Care (EPC) since 2004; however, the experiences and views of AHPs about the initiative and how it has been utilised have not been well explored. Objective.We examined speech pathologists’ views and experiences under EPC. Methods.A survey of speech pathologists in private practice who provide services under EPC was undertaken. Results.Speech pathologists provide EPC services to a wide range of clients with communication and swallowing disorders. The five EPC sessions provide a ‘starting point’ for therapy for some clients, and supplement existing therapy for others. Speech pathologists expressed concern about the accessibility of the program, and its understanding and use in practice, but noted that the program can be valuable for clients who are able to negotiate the hurdles, and for themselves in terms of increased referrals and collaboration with general practitioners. Conclusions.Education around eligibility, access, and reporting requirements is needed for clients, GPs and allied health professionals in order to reduce the frustrating aspects of this program, and support its ongoing use. What is known about the topic?The Enhanced Primary Care (EPC) program relies on collaboration between general practitioners and allied health professionals, and aims to improve the management of chronic and complex conditions in the community. The experiences and views of allied health professionals (AHPs) in implementing the EPC program since 2004 are important to inform evaluation of the effectiveness, usefulness and value of the program. What does this paper add?We explored speech pathologists’ perspectives on EPC, including their experiences and views about the program. The paper informs understanding of the use of EPC in practice, for example, how sessions are provided to clients over the 12-month period, as well as how those who use it – allied health professionals – perceive the value and practicality of this program. What are the implications for practitioners?Education for GPs, clients and AHPs is needed to facilitate a more efficient and effective use of EPC. Policy makers should consider the views and experiences of AHPs when reviewing the EPC initiative, in order to understand aspects such as the accessibility of the programs for clients, and the perceived value for AHPs.

PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN PRODUKSI PT. FUJI SEIMITSU INDONESIA - BEKASI

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Riski Eko Ardianto ◽  
Ergo Nurpatria Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Environment Variables

Employee performance is something that is considered important for the company. Employees have high performance will certainly be able to work optimally so that the objectives of the institution itself will be easily achieved. Through the improvement of the working environment and working discipline expected the resulting performance can be optimized within the enterprise. In this study to determine the three variables that can affect employee performance (Y), the work environment variables (X1) and discipline (X2). Simultaneous and partially on the performance of employees at PT.Fuji Seimitsu Indonesia. Type of research is quantitative research. Methods of data collection using questionnaires with sempel amount of research is 100 respondents.Data analysis techniques in research using descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, validity and reliability test and partial test ( Test T) and a simultaneous test (Test F). Results of research conducted using SPSS 2.2 (ststitical program for social science), from the results obtained that the working environment (X1) were significant influence on employee performance (Y) on PT.Fuji Seimitsu Indonesia because work environment variables t = 3.231 > t table 1.660 with sig = 0.002 < 0.05. Labor discipline (X2) have a significant effect on employee performance (Y). Work environment (X1) and discipline (X2) simultaneously significant effect on employee performance (Y) PT. Fuji Seimitsu Indonesia.The results obtained on the whole of the working environment (X1) and discipline (X2) are all very significant influence on employee performance (Y) in PT.Fuji Seimitsu Indonesia. Keywords:Work Environment, Work Discipline and Employee Performance

Some Simple Thoughts on Model Building for Developing Countries

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk C. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Policy Advice ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
Simple Models

The revival of interest in using models for developing countries for planning and policy advice makes it desirable to draw lessons from past experience. Simple models, focussed on specific issues, are to be preferred to large and comprehensive models. More empirical research is needed on supply and production functions for developing countries. Not statistical criteria but developmental considerations must determine the conclusions to be drawn from models. More explicit explanations of assumptions and modesty in presenting results of modelling work to policy makers are desirable.

ANALISIS PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (Studi pada Dinas Penanaman Modal Pelayanan Terpadu dan Perindustrian Kabupaten Padang Pariaman)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendriko Putra Jayanda
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Linearity Test ◽  
Investment Service ◽  
Integrated Service

The purpose of this study is to test partially and simultaneously the influence of motivation and work environment on the performance of state civil apparatus in the Office of Integrated Service Investment and Industry of Padang Pariaman Regency, data collected by spreading the questionnaire directly. Test of research instrument used is test of validity and reliability test. The classical assumption test used is normality test, linearity test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. As for hypothesis test used t test and test f. The analytical method used to test the effect of motivation and work environment on the performance of civil state apparatus is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The result of the research shows that there is a significant influence between the working environment on the performance of civil apparatus of the State. Simultaneously or jointly motivation and work environment significantly influence the performance of civil apparatus of the State. Based on the research, it can be concluded that motivation has a significant effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus on the Integrated Service and Investment Service Department (DPMPTP) of Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. The work environment has a significant effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus on the Integrated Service and Industrial Service Investment Service (DPMPTP) of Padang Kabupaten Pariaman. Morality and work environment have a significant effect on the performance of State Civil Apparatus at the Department of Investment of Integrated Services and Industry (DPMPTP) of Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.

Anti-corruption in History

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Legitimate Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Over Time

Anticorruption in History is the first major collection of case studies on how past societies and polities, in and beyond Europe, defined legitimate power in terms of fighting corruption and designed specific mechanisms to pursue that agenda. It is a timely book: corruption is widely seen today as a major problem, undermining trust in government, financial institutions, economic efficiency, the principle of equality before the law and human wellbeing in general. Corruption, in short, is a major hurdle on the “path to Denmark”—a feted blueprint for stable and successful statebuilding. The resonance of this view explains why efforts to promote anticorruption policies have proliferated in recent years. But while the subjects of corruption and anticorruption have captured the attention of politicians, scholars, NGOs and the global media, scant attention has been paid to the link between corruption and the change of anticorruption policies over time and place. Such a historical approach could help explain major moments of change in the past as well as reasons for the success and failure of specific anticorruption policies and their relation to a country’s image (of itself or as construed from outside) as being more or less corrupt. It is precisely this scholarly lacuna that the present volume intends to begin to fill. A wide range of historical contexts are addressed, ranging from the ancient to the modern period, with specific insights for policy makers offered throughout.

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