Change of Intestinal Microbiota in Mice Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Abstract Background: Gut microbiota has been proposed to be related to the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases such as asthma and lung cancer, according to the gut-lung axis. However, little is known about the relationship between broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and gut microbiota. This study was designed to investigate the changes of gut microbiota in neonatal mice with BPD. Methods: BPD model was induced through exposure to high concentration of oxygen. HE staining was utilized to determine the modeling efficiency. Stool samples were collected from the distal colon for the sequencing of V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA, in order to analyze the gut microbiota diversity.Results: BPD models were established in this study. Alpha diversity indicated that there were no statistical differences in the abundance of gut microbiota between model group and control group. On day 14, there were statistical differences in the genetic diversity between two groups (p<0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that there were statistical differences in the gut microbiota on day 14 (R=0.368, p=0.021). Line discriminant analysis (LDA) showed that there were 22 markers with statistical differences on day 14 (p<0.05), while those on day 7 and 21 were 3 and 4, respectively. Functional prediction analysis showed that the top 3 metabolic pathways were signal transduction (PFDR=0.037), glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (PFDR=0.032), and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides (PFDR=0.049). Conclusions: BPD mice showed disorder of gut microbiota, which may involve with specific metabolic pathways in the early stage. In the presence of intestinal maturity in mice, the differences of the gut microbiota between the two groups would gradually disappear.

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Changes in the Gut Microbiota Diversity of Brown Frogs (Rana Dybowskii) After Local Antimicrobial Therapy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-154603/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qing Tong ◽

Li-Yong Cui ◽

Jia Bie ◽

Hong-Bin Wang ◽

Jian-Tao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Amphibian Conservation ◽

Control Group ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Functional Composition ◽

And Control ◽

Rana Dybowskii

Abstract Background: Amphibians frequently receive an antibiotic bath after feedlot placement to control bacterial diseases. The potential collateral effect of these antibiotics on the frog microbiota is largely unknown. Antibiotics are frequently employed to examine the role of the gut microbiota. Existing research relies mainly on oral antibiotics, but knowledge regarding the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota through a bath or local antimicrobial therapies is limited. Results: The gut microbiota of gentamicin, recovered, and control Rana dybowskii groups were compared by Illumina high-throughput sequencing, and the functional profiles were analysed using a phylogenetic investigation of communities by the reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt). Furthermore, the relationship between gut microbiota structures and forecast function compositions was determined. The results showed that the alpha diversity indices were significantly reduced by the gentamicin bath, which significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota. After 7 days, the gut microbiota was still similar to that during the gentamicin bath. Forty-four indicator species were selected at the genus level, namely, 42 species indicating the control group and 2 species indicating the gentamicin and recovery groups. Potential pathogenic bacteria belonging to Aeromonas, Citrobacter, and Chryseobacterium significantly decreased after the gentamicin bath. The community similarity assays did not show an obvious discrepancy in the functional composition between the gentamicin and control frogs, indicating that the functions of the gut bacterial community were highly redundant. Conclusions: The gentamicin bath significantly reduced the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota of R. dybowskii. Gentamicin significantly changed the structure of the gut microbiota, and the gut microbiotas exhibited weak resilience and did not totally recover after seven days. The gentamicin bath did not change the functional composition of the gut microbiota of R. dybowskii, and there was no significant correlation between the composition of the gut microbiota and the functional composition, illustrating the high intestinal functional redundancy of the frog gut bacterial community. This work offers basic data for upcoming research, including the establishment of the amphibian gut microbiota and local antibiotic administration, and has important implications for aquaculture management and amphibian conservation.

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The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94481-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Shen ◽

Xiao Yang ◽

Gaofei Li ◽

Jiayu Gao ◽

Ying Liang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Maximum Dose ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Metabolic Functions

AbstractThe alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported to be correlated with the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota in depressed patients after antidepressant treatment. We recruited 30 MDD patients (MDD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The MDD group received individualized treatment with escitalopram at a maximum dose of 20 mg/day. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score > 50%, a fecal sample was collected again and used as the follow-up group. The differences of gut microbiota between patients and controls, the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment and the potential differences in metabolic functions were thus investigated. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly different within three groups, and the ratio of follow-up group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in MDD group than those of the other groups, and the alpha diversity was not significantly different between control and follow-up groups. The beta diversity of some patients resembled participants in the control group. The metabolic function of gut microbiota after treatment was still different from that of the control group. This study suggests that the intestinal flora of depressed patients has a tendency to return to normal under escitalopram treatment.

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Strongyloides stercoralis Infestation in a Child: How a Nematode Can Affect Gut Microbiota

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22042131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 2131

Author(s):

Stefania Pane ◽

Anna Sacco ◽

Andrea Iorio ◽

Lorenza Romani ◽

Lorenza Putignani

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Pulmonary Involvement ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Parasite Infection ◽

Intestinal Nematode ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Stool Samples

Background: Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the intestinal nematode Strongyloides stercoralis and characterized by gastrointestinal and pulmonary involvement. We report a pediatric case of strongyloidiasis to underline the response of the host microbiota to the perturbation induced by the nematode. Methods: We performed a 16S rRNA-metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota of a 7-year-old female during and after S. stercolaris infection, investigating three time-point of stool samples’ ecology: T0- during parasite infection, T1- a month after parasite infection, and T2- two months after parasite infection. Targeted-metagenomics were used to investigate ecology and to predict the functional pathways of the gut microbiota. Results: an increase in the alpha-diversity indices in T0-T1 samples was observed compared to T2 and healthy controls (CTRLs). Beta-diversity analysis showed a shift in the relative abundance of specific gut bacterial species from T0 to T2 samples. Moreover, the functional prediction of the targeted-metagenomics profiles suggested an enrichment of microbial glycan and carbohydrate metabolisms in the T0 sample compared with CTRLs. Conclusions: The herein report reinforces the literature suggestion of a putative direct or immune-mediated ability of S. stercolaris to promote the increase in bacterial diversity.

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Comparative study on the efficacy and safety of alteplase and urokinase in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction

Technology and Health Care ◽

10.3233/thc-202382 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Hua Bao ◽

Hao-Ran Gao ◽

Min-Lu Pan ◽

Lei Zhao ◽

Hai-Bin Sun

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Early Stage ◽

Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽

Acute Cerebral Infarction ◽

Neurological Injury ◽

Control Group ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Time Period ◽

And Control

BACKGROUND: Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) is a common cerebrovascular disease in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of alteplase and urokinase in treating ACI. METHODS: A total of 96 patients with ACI, who were treated with alteplase and urokinase, were selected as the main subjects. Among these patients, 45 patients with ultra-early acute cerebral infarction, who received intravenous thrombolysis with RT-PA (alteplase), were included in the treatment group, while 51 patients with acute cerebral infarction, who were treated with urokinase in the same time period, were included in the control group. RESULTS: The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were significantly lower in the treatment group and control group (P< 0.05) at two hours, seven days and 14 days after thrombolysis, when compared to those before thrombolysis. The bleeding rate was significantly lower in the control group, when compared to the treatment group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase or alteplase in the ultra-early stage of acute cerebral infarction can reduce the neurological injury symptoms and effectively improve the prognosis of patients with stroke. Urokinase is lower in risk of bleeding, but better in safety, when compared to alteplase.

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Environmental Influences on the Human Gut Microbiota: A Longitudinal Pilot Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab054_006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1151-1151

Author(s):

Marina Brown ◽

Ginger Reeser ◽

Leila Shinn ◽

Matthew Browning ◽

Andiara Schwingel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Pilot Trial ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Total Sample ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Garden Soil ◽

Control Group ◽

Soil Dna

Abstract Objectives Urbanization has reduced environmental microorganism exposure, with most Americans spending over 90% of their time indoors. However, gardening remains a viable means of exposure to soil microorganisms and harvesting of edible produce. Accordingly, we aimed to determine relations between gardening, dietary habits, and gut microbiota. Methods Gardening families (N = 10) and non-gardening (control) families (N = 9) were enrolled in a longitudinal pilot trial. Families included two adults and a child (5–18 years) for a total sample size of 54 participants. Fecal samples were collected prior to and at the end of the gardening season. Garden soil samples (n = 9) were collected prior to and at the end of the season. Diet history questionnaires were collected at the beginning and end of the study to measure Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores. Fecal and soil DNA were extracted, sequenced (V4 region of 16S rDNA gene), and analyzed using DADA2 and QIIME2. Alpha diversity measures were assessed, including Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD) and observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Results Gardening families had significantly more fecal OTUs compared to control families (172.3 ± 44.2 vs. 157.0 ± 44.2, respectively; P = 0.03). Gardening families had greater (P = 0.02) Faith's PD scores and tended (P = 0.08) to have more fecal OTUs than the control group at peak gardening season. In the gardening families, fecal OTUs and Faith's PD were numerically but not statistically greater at the end of the season compared to baseline (all p’s > 0.05). Prior to the gardening season, gardening adults had greater HEI scores compared to control families (57 ± 9.1 vs. 49 ± 8.8, P = 0.03). HEI scores were not different between groups at the end of the study. Conclusions This study revealed that the fecal microbiota of families that garden differs from non-gardening families, and there are detectable changes in the fecal microbial community of gardeners and their family members over the course of the gardening season. Further research is needed to understand the role of diet in these changes and if microbes within the soil move between the soil and gastrointestinal environments. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Christopher Family Foundation Food and Family Grant Program.

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P053 Overabundance of Lactobacillus species in gut microbiota of IBD patients

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S160-S161

Author(s):

D Khusnutdinova ◽

M Markelova ◽

M Siniagina ◽

E Boulygina ◽

S Abdulkhakov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Active Phase ◽

Bioinformatic Analysis ◽

Lactobacillus Species ◽

Control Group ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Stool Samples

Abstract Background Changes in the composition of gut microbiota, and their metabolic pathways, are important factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many clinical trials have shown that taking probiotics based on Lactobacillus has a positive effect on patients with IBD. However, Lactobacillus should be used more carefully during the active phase of IBD, since some strains can negatively affect the pathogenesis of the disease1,2. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of Lactobacillus species in the gut microbiome of IBD patients and healthy volunteers. Methods In the study, 62 stool samples from healthy people, 31 from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), and 34 - ulcerative colitis (UC) in active phase were analyzed. DNA was isolated using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen, USA) following with shotgun metagenomic sequencing the NextSeq 500 (project #0671-2020-0058). Bioinformatic analysis was performed with the MetaPhlAn2 package. Results An increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus was found in patients with IBD (3.2% ± 6.6% in CD and 1.6% ± 2.8 in UC) compared to healthy individuals (0.3% ± 1.2%, p<0.05). In the control group, Lactobacillus were absent in 41% of samples and 1–5 species were found in 58% of samples. Most CD and UC patients are characterized by the presence of 3 to 5 species of Lactobacillus (38% and 31%, respectively). For 23% of CD patients and 26% of UC patients, 6 to 9 types of Lactobacillus were found. Some patients with IBD have more than 10 different types of Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota (Fig.1). The intestinal microbiota in IBD patients is characterized by an increased abundance of several species: L. salivarius, L. gasseri, L. mucosae, as well as L. casei paracasei in patients with CD and L. vaginalis in patients with UC (Fig.2). Conclusion The composition of the intestinal microbiota of IBD patients differs significantly in terms of Lactobacillus proportion and species diversity. Overabundance of five Lactobacillus species could be associated with the active phase of IBD. References

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Application of concentrated growth factor to autotransplantation with inflammation in recipient area

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01915-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dilinuer Keranmu ◽

Ailimaierdan Ainiwaer ◽

Nijiati Nuermuhanmode ◽

Wang Ling

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

3D Printing ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Early Stage ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Success Rates ◽

Recipient Site ◽

Periapical Lesions ◽

And Control

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to apply concentrated growth factor (CGF) to the transplanted area with inflammation, to observe the clinical effects of CGF on the inflammation area assisted by 3D printing technology. Methods A total of 52 compromised mandibular first or second molar with chronic periapical lesions were transplanted with mature third molars. The patients were divided into CGF group (n = 26) and control group (n = 26) and transplanted into fresh extraction sockets with or without CGF. All the patients underwent clinical and radiographic examinations during the follow-up. Results Average surgery and extra-oral time were 39 min (± 7.8) and 42 s (± 10.2). The success rates of CGF group and control group were 100% and 92.3% respectively. Most of the periapical lesions in CGF group healed completely within 3 months, which was significantly faster than control group. The initial stability of CGF group was better than control group immediately after operation, and the degree of pain in CGF group was lower than control group on the 1st and 3rd day after operation. Conclusions The application of CGF in recipient site with chronic periapical lesions can accelerate the regeneration of alveolar bone and the healing of inflammation, greatly shorten the healing period. Meanwhile, CGF help to reduce postoperative pain and reaction at the early stage of healing and increase the success rate of autogenous tooth transplantation (ATT). Additionally, the use of 3D printing model can greatly reduce the extra-oral time of donor teeth.

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Gut microbiota and metabolites of α-synuclein transgenic monkey models with early stage of Parkinson’s disease

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes ◽

10.1038/s41522-021-00242-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yaping Yan ◽

Shuchao Ren ◽

Yanchao Duan ◽

Chenyu Lu ◽

Yuyu Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Early Stage ◽

Glyceric Acid ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Phosphorylation Reaction ◽

Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. However, it is unclear whether microbiota and metabolites have demonstrated changes at early PD due to the difficulties in diagnosis and identification of early PD in clinical practice. In a previous study, we generated A53T transgenic monkeys with early Parkinson’s symptoms, including anxiety and cognitive impairment. Here we analyzed the gut microbiota by metagenomic sequencing and metabolites by targeted gas chromatography. The gut microbiota analysis showed that the A53T monkeys have higher degree of diversity in gut microbiota with significantly elevated Sybergistetes, Akkermansia, and Eggerthella lenta compared with control monkeys. Prevotella significantly decreased in A53T transgenic monkeys. Glyceric acid, L-Aspartic acid, and p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid were significantly elevated, whereas Myristic acid and 3-Methylindole were significantly decreased in A53T monkeys. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (KO0131) and the oxidative phosphorylation reaction (KO2147) were significantly increased in metabolic pathways of A53T monkeys. Our study suggested that the transgenic A53T and α-syn aggregation may affect the intestine microbiota and metabolites of rhesus monkeys, and the identified five compositional different metabolites that are mainly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction may be related to the pathogenesis of PD.

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Association of Fungi and Archaea of the Gut Microbiota with Crohn’s Disease in Pediatric Patients—Pilot Study

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10091119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1119

Author(s):

Agnieszka Krawczyk ◽

Dominika Salamon ◽

Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga ◽

Tomasz Bogiel ◽

Tomasz Gosiewski

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Malassezia Spp ◽

And Control ◽

To Receive

The composition of bacteria is often altered in Crohn’s disease (CD), but its connection to the disease is not fully understood. Gut archaea and fungi have recently been suggested to play a role as well. In our study, the presence and number of selected species of fungi and archaea in pediatric patients with CD and healthy controls were evaluated. Stool samples were collected from children with active CD (n = 54), non-active CD (n = 37) and control subjects (n = 33). The prevalence and the number of selected microorganisms were assessed by real-time PCR. The prevalence of Candida tropicalis was significantly increased in active CD compared to non-active CD and the control group (p = 0.011 and p = 0.036, respectively). The number of Malassezia spp. cells was significantly lower in patients with active CD compared to the control group, but in non-active CD, a significant increase was observed (p = 0.005 and p = 0.020, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in the colonization by archaea. The obtained results indicate possible correlations with the course of the CD; however, further studies of the entire archeobiome and the mycobiome are necessary in order to receive a complete picture.

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Sodium Houttuyfonate and Sodium New Houttuyfonate Affect the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Production of Inflammatory Factors in Mice

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20972518 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X2097251

Author(s):

Guiming Yan ◽

Yuanqing Si ◽

Jing Shao ◽

Tianming Wang ◽

Changzhong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Lipocalin 2 ◽

Houttuynia Cordata ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Derivatives Of

Houttuynia drugs, including sodium houttuyfonate (SH) and sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH), are derivatives of the active ingredient of Houttuynia cordata, which can be used as both a vegetable and medicine in China. We aimed to explore the regulation effects of SH and SNH on the gut microbiota and production of inflammatory factors in mice. Here, we found that SH and SNH led to an increase in the production of interferon gamma and nuclear factor κ, and decreased the production of lipocalin-2 in the mice. The alpha diversity results of gut microbiota of the mice showed that the gut microbiota of the SH, SNH, and azithromycin treatment groups were significantly different from the control group, but the effects of reduced abundance and diversity of the SH and SNH groups were relatively lower than that of the azithromycin group. The beta diversity results indicated that the samples of each group were significantly grouped, and distribution of SH and SNH groups was more similar to the control group than the azithromycin group. Furthermore, SH and SNH groups had significant differences in the abundance of specific bacteria such as Escherichia–Shigella and Odoribacter, which might be associated with the increase of inflammatory factors. Therefore, our results suggested that SH and SNH may significantly affect the gut microbiota and production of inflammatory factors in the mice.

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