Expression of Glycogenic Genes in the Oviduct of Chinese Brown Frog (Rana Dybowskii) During Pre-Hibernation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Fan ◽  
Yuning Liu ◽  
Ao Zhang ◽  
Wenqian Xie ◽  
Haolin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Brown Frog ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Rana Dybowskii

Abstract Background: The oviduct of Chinese brown frog (Rana dybowskii) expands specifically during pre-hibernation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Results: This study investigated the mRNA and protein expression levels of glycogenic genes in the oviduct of Rana dybowskii during the breeding season and pre-hibernation. Morphological studies revealed increased weight and enlarged diameter of the oviduct in pre-hibernation. Furthermore, significantly increased glycogen level was detected in the oviduct during pre-hibernation when compared to the breeding season. Transcriptome analysis further identified that the differentially expressed genes in the synthesis and metabolism pathways of carbohydrates in the oviduct during pre-hibernation. The relative mRNA levels of glycolysis and glycogenesis-related genes were up-regulated, while gluconeogenesis-related genes were down-regulated during pre-hibernation. Also, Western blot showed that glucose transporter and glycogen synthesis-related proteins, such as total-GYS, and p-GSK-3β were highly expressed in the oviduct during pre-hibernation. In addition, immunohistochemical data showed that glucose transporter and total-GYS, p-GYS, total-GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β related to glycogen synthesis were both expressed regionally in the oviduct of Rana dybowskii during the breeding season and pre-hibernation. Conclusions: The data suggests that carbohydrate metabolism plays an important role in the hibernation process of Rana dybowskii, and provides a new insight into the mechanism underlying the expansion of the oviduct of Rana dybowskii during pre-hibernation.

scholarly journals Expression of leptin receptor in the oviduct of Chinese brown frog (Rana dybowskii)

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (6) ◽  
pp. R912-R918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin Xi ◽  
Yuning Liu ◽  
Zeqi Tang ◽  
Xia Sheng ◽  
Haolin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tubule Lumen ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Brown Frog ◽  
Rana Dybowskii

The oviduct of Chinese brown frog ( Rana dybowskii) expands specifically during prehibernation instead of in the breeding period. In this study, we investigated the expression of leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) in Rana dybowskii oviduct during the breeding period and prehibernation. Histologically, the oviduct of Rana dybowskii consists of glandular cells, tubule lumen, and epithelial cells. The oviductal weight and pipe diameter also revealed significant differences, which were higher in prehibernation than that of the breeding period. Ob-Rb was observed in stromal cells of oviductal tissue in both the breeding period and prehibernation. The mean protein and mRNA levels of the Ob-Rb were significantly higher in prehibernation as compared with the breeding period. In addition, oviductal content of leptin was also higher in prehibernation than that of the breeding period. These results suggested that oviduct of Rana dybowskii might be a target organ of leptin, and leptin may play an autocrine/paracrine role mediated by Ob-Rb in regulating the oviductal hypertrophy during prehibernation.

scholarly journals Expression of P450arom and Estrogen Receptor Alpha in the Oviduct of Chinese Brown Frog (Rana dybowskii) during Prehibernation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Weng ◽  
Yuning Liu ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Ruiqi Hu ◽  
Haolin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Stromal Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Brown Frog ◽  
Rana Dybowskii

One specific physiological phenomenon of Chinese brown frog (Rana dybowskii) is that its oviduct expands prior to hibernation instead of expanding during the breeding period. In this study, we investigated the expression of P450arom and estrogen receptorsαandβ(ERαand ERβ) in the oviduct ofRana dybowskiiduring the breeding period and prehibernation. The results of the present study showed that there were significant differences in both oviductal weight and size with values markedly higher in prehibernation than in the breeding period. P450arom was observed in stromal tissue in both the breeding period and prehibernation. ERαwas expressed in stromal tissue and epithelial cells in both periods, whereas ERβcould not be detected. The mean protein and mRNA levels of P450arom and ERαwere significantly higher in prehibernation as compared to the breeding period. Besides, oviductal content of 17β-estradiol was also higher in prehibernation than in the breeding period. These results suggested that estrogen may play autocrine/paracrine roles mediated by ERαin regulating the oviductal hypertrophy during prehibernation.

scholarly journals Glucolipotoxicity and GLP-1 secretion

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001905
Author(s):  
Jung-Hee Hong ◽  
Dae-Hee Kim ◽  
Moon-Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation

IntroductionThe concept of glucolipotoxicity refers to the combined, deleterious effects of elevated glucose and/or fatty acid levels.Research design and methodsTo investigate the effects of chronic glucolipotoxicity on glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide (GLP-1) secretion, we generated glucolipotoxic conditions in human NCI-H716 enteroendocrine cells using either 5 or 25 mM glucose with or without 500 µM palmitate for 72 hours. For in vivo study, we have established a chronic nutrient infusion model in the rat. Serial blood samples were collected for 2 hours after the consumption of a mixed meal to evaluate insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.ResultsChronic glucolipotoxic conditions decreased GLP-1 secretion and the expressions of pCREB, pGSK3β, β-catenin, and TCF7L2 in NCI-H716 cells. Glucolipotoxicity conditions reduced glucose transporter expression, glucose uptake, and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) levels in L-cells, and increased triglyceride accumulation. In contrast, PPARα and ATP levels were reduced, which correlated well with decreased levels of SUR1 and Kir6.2, cAMP contents and expressions of pCAMK2, EPAC and PKA. We also observed an increase in reactive oxygen species production, UCP2 expression and Complex I activity. Simultaneous treatment with insulin restored the GLP-1 secretion. Glucolipotoxic conditions decreased insulin secretion in a time-dependent manner in INS-1 cells, which was recovered with exendin-4 cotreatment. Glucose and SMOFlipid infusion for 6 hours decreased GLP-1 secretion and proglucagon mRNA levels as well as impaired the glucose tolerance, insulin and C-peptide secretion in rats.ConclusionThese results provide evidence for the first time that glucolipotoxicity could affect GLP-1 secretion through changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, gene expressions, and proglucagon biosynthesis and suggest the interrelationship between glucolipotoxicities of L-cells and β-cells which develops earlier than that of L-cells.

scholarly journals CHN1 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the Akt/GSK-3β/Snail pathway in cervical carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoqi Zhao ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Shufang Wang ◽  
Xihua Chen ◽  
Min Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Xenograft Tumor ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background Metastasis and invasion are crucial in determining the mortality of cervical carcinoma (CC) patients. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is now a universal explanation for the mechanisms of tumor metastasis. Α-chimeric protein (α-chimaerin, CHN1) plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction and development. However, the molecular regulatory relationships between CHN1 and CC progression in relation to EMT have not yet been identified. Methods The expression of CHN1 in CC tissues, adjacent tissues, and lymph node metastases from CC patients was detected by immunohistochemistry. Upregulation and knockdown of CHN1 were achieved by transfection of CC cells. The effect of CHN1 on cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 and plate clone formation assays. Changes in migration and invasion capabilities were evaluated using scratch migration and transwell invasion assays. The effect of CHN1 overexpression and interference on xenograft tumor growth was determined by tumor weight and pathological analyses. The expression of EMT-related mRNAs was measured by qRT-PCR in transfected CC cells. EMT-related proteins and Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway-related proteins were also evaluated by western blotting. Results CHN1 was overexpressed in CC tissues and was associated with lymph node metastasis and low survival in CC patients. Overexpression of CHN1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in CC cells. In contrast, silencing of CHN1 inhibited these phenomena. Overexpression of CHN1 promoted tumor formation in an in vivo xenograft tumor mouse model, with increased tumor volumes and weights. In addition, CHN1 induced the expression of EMT-related transcription factors, accompanied by the decreased expression of epithelial markers and increased expression of mesenchymal markers. The Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway was activated by overexpression of CHN1 in vitro, and activation of this pathway was inhibited by the signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002. Conclusion These results suggest that CHN1 promotes the development and progression of cervical carcinoma via the Akt/GSK-3β/Snail pathway by inducing EMT.

scholarly journals A Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) Signaling Loop Is Involved in Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3812
Author(s):  
Mai-Huong T. Ngo ◽  
Sue-Wei Peng ◽  
Yung-Che Kuo ◽  
Chun-Yen Lin ◽  
Ming-Heng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Combination Index ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Margin Distribution ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Emt Markers

The role of a YAP-IGF-1R signaling loop in HCC resistance to sorafenib remains unknown. Method: Sorafenib-resistant cells were generated by treating naïve cells (HepG2215 and Hep3B) with sorafenib. Different cancer cell lines from databases were analyzed through the ONCOMINE web server. BIOSTORM–LIHC patient tissues (46 nonresponders and 21 responders to sorafenib) were used to compare YAP mRNA levels. The HepG2215_R-derived xenograft in SCID mice was used as an in vivo model. HCC tissues from a patient with sorafenib failure were used to examine differences in YAP and IGF-R signaling. Results: Positive associations exist among the levels of YAP, IGF-1R, and EMT markers in HCC tissues and the levels of these proteins increased with sorafenib failure, with a trend of tumor-margin distribution in vivo. Blocking YAP downregulated IGF-1R signaling-related proteins, while IGF-1/2 treatment enhanced the nuclear translocation of YAP in HCC cells through PI3K-mTOR regulation. The combination of YAP-specific inhibitor verteporfin (VP) and sorafenib effectively decreased cell viability in a synergistic manner, evidenced by the combination index (CI). Conclusion: A YAP-IGF-1R signaling loop may play a role in HCC sorafenib resistance and could provide novel potential targets for combination therapy with sorafenib to overcome drug resistance in HCC.

scholarly journals Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Glucose Transporter 4 mRNA Levels in Baboon Adipose**

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1652-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elizabeth Tejero ◽  
J. Michael Proffitt ◽  
Shelley A. Cole ◽  
Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves ◽  
Guowen Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Glucose Transporter 4 ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Analysis

Carbohydrate and Protein Supplements, an Effective Means for Maintaining Exercise-Induced Glucose Metabolism Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120-1128
Author(s):  
Dingguo Ruan ◽  
Hong Deng ◽  
Xiaoyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study aimed to verify the effects of an independently developed carbohydrate and protein (CHO+P) beverage (7.2% oligosaccharide and 1.6% soy-polypeptide) supplement on exerciseinduced glucose metabolism and associated gene expression. Mice received 1 mL/100 g body weight of normal saline (group C; n = 36) or CHO+P (group E; n = 36) at 30 min before an immediately after exercise. Mice without exercise and supplementation served as normal controls (group NC; n = 9). The expression levels related to glucose metabolism were measured at 0, 4, 12, and 24 h after exercise (n = 9 per group). The blood glucose, insulin, and liver glycogen contents in groups C and E were dramatically lower than group NC immediately after exercise. Those in group E were significantly higher than group C, with few differences between the two. Muscle glycogen was restored more quickly when the CHO+P beverage was consumed compared to normal saline. Furthermore, exercise-induced increase in glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) mRNA could be depressed by CHO+P supplementation but enhanced in GLUT-4 protein. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed a double peak curve in the recovery period, but IL-6 increased again in group E earlier than group C. These findings confirmed that the beverage has significantly improved time in maintaining blood glucose stability, reducing glycogen consumption, accelerating glycogen resynthesis, and repairing injury in rats. This study suggests the future application of this beverage in humans with experimental support and provides a scientific direction for promoting glycogen synthesis and recovery through nutrition.

scholarly journals TWIST1 and TWIST2 regulate glycogen storage and inflammatory genes in skeletal muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M Mudry ◽  
Julie Massart ◽  
Ferenc L M Szekeres ◽  
Anna Krook
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intact Mouse ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
The Impact

TWIST proteins are important for development of embryonic skeletal muscle and play a role in the metabolism of tumor and white adipose tissue. The impact of TWIST on metabolism in skeletal muscle is incompletely studied. Our aim was to assess the impact of TWIST1 and TWIST2 overexpression on glucose and lipid metabolism. In intact mouse muscle, overexpression of Twist reduced total glycogen content without altering glucose uptake. Expression of TWIST1 or TWIST2 reducedPdk4mRNA, while increasing mRNA levels ofIl6,Tnfα, andIl1β. Phosphorylation of AKT was increased and protein abundance of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) was decreased in skeletal muscle overexpressing TWIST1 or TWIST2. Glycogen synthesis and fatty acid oxidation remained stable in C2C12 cells overexpressing TWIST1 or TWIST2. Finally, skeletal muscle mRNA levels remain unaltered inob/obmice, type 2 diabetic patients, or in healthy subjects before and after 3 months of exercise training. Collectively, our results indicate that TWIST1 and TWIST2 are expressed in skeletal muscle. Overexpression of these proteins impacts proteins in metabolic pathways and mRNA level of cytokines. However, skeletal muscle levels of TWIST transcripts are unaltered in metabolic diseases.

Insulin-Sensitive Phospholipid Signaling Systems and Glucose Transport. Update II

2001 ◽  
Vol 226 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert V. Farese
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biologically Active

Insulin provokes rapid changes in phospholipid metabolism and thereby generates biologically active lipids that serve as intracellular signaling factors that regulate glucose transport and glycogen synthesis. These changes include: (i) activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and production of PIP3; (ii) PIP3-dependent activation of atypical protein kinase Cs (PKCs); (iii) PIP3-dependent activation of PKB; (iv) PI3K-dependent activation of phospholipase D and hydrolysis of phosphatidyicholine with subsequent increases in phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacyiglycerol (DAG); (v) PI3K-independent activation of glycerol-3-phosphate acylytansferase and increases in de novo synthesis of PA and DAG; and (vi) activation of DAG-sensitive PKCs. Recent findings suggest that atypical PKCs and PKB serve as important positive regulators of insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, whereas mechanisms that result in the activation of DAG-sensitive PKCs serve mainly as negative regulators of insulin signaling through PI3K. Atypical PKCs and PKB are rapidly activated by insulin in adipocytes, liver, skeletal muscles, and other cell types by a mechanism requiring PI3K and its downstream effector, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1), which, in conjunction with PIP3, phosphorylates critical threonine residues in the activation loops of atypical PKCs and PKB. PIP3 also promotes increases in autophosphorylation and allosteric activation of atypical PKCs. Atypical PKCs and perhaps PKB appear to be required for insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT 4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane and subsequent glucose transport. PKB also appears to be the major regulator of glycogen synthase. Together, atypical PKCs and PKB serve as a potent, integrated PI3K/PDK-1-directed signaling system that is used by insulin to regulate glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Expression of Glycolysis-Related Proteins in Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo Bonatelli ◽  
Isabella Fernandes Fornari ◽  
Priscila Neves Bernécule ◽  
Lara Esquiapatti Pinheiro ◽  
Ricardo Filipe Alves Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cancer Of Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Primary Origin ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Unknown Primary Origin

IntroductionCancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) is defined as metastatic cancer without identification of the primary site. Considering that only 15–20% of patients with CUP show a favorable outcome, identifying biomarkers may help improve the clinical management of patients who do not respond well to conventional therapies. In this context, the study of the metabolic profile of CUP may pave the way to establish new biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets; therefore, this study aimed to characterize the expression of metabolism-related proteins in CUP.Materials and MethodsThe expression of monocarboxylate transporters MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4, their chaperone CD147, the glucose transporter GLUT1 and the pH regulator CAIX was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a series of 118 CUP patients, and the results were associated with the available clinicopathological information.ResultsThe metabolism-related proteins MCT1, MCT4, CD147, GLUT1 and CAIX were expressed in a critical portion of the CUP (approximately 20 to 70%). MCT1 and CD147 were both more frequently expressed in cases with lymph nodes as metastasis dominant sites (p = 0.001) as well as in samples from lymph nodes (p <0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively), while MCT1 expression was more frequently expressed in squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.045). A higher overall survival was observed in patients with tumors positive for GLUT1 and CAIX expression (p = 0.011 and p = 0.041, respectively), but none of the proteins was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in multivariable analysis.ConclusionThe results suggest that a portion of CUPs present a hyperglycolytic phenotype, which is associated with higher overall survival.

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