Biomarker approach for assessing chronic toxicity of Captan® herbicide using haematological, growth, endocrine and biochemical endpoints in air breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhajit Saha ◽  
Dip Mukherjee ◽  
Kishore Dhara ◽  
Prasenjit Pal ◽  
Azubuike Victor Chukwuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
K Factor ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected hematological (Hb, HCT, MCH) growth (K-factor, HSI, SGR), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06 mg/L) and monitored at day 15, 30 and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of haemoglobin content, haematocrit, MCH in Captan® exposed fish compared to control. Serum glucose was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in treated fish compared to the control group; reverse was the case for serum protein concentrations (p < 0.05). Assessment of growth parameters revealed significantly higher k-factor and SGR in control fish. HSI was however higher in treated fish which highlights the possibility of liver hypertrophy and hyperplasia of liver cells due to higher exposure and uptake of the herbicide. Endocrine responses (T3 and T4) emerged as the most sensitive biomarker category, depicting modulated responses between sub-chronic exposure at day-15 and chronic responses at day-45. In general, the study findings using these biomarkers indicate that Captan® exposures are capable of inducing stress-specific effects at the biochemical and physiological levels negatively impacting the overall health and longevity of such animals. The use of the IBR index provided a visual and easily comprehensible depiction of toxicity effects and biomarker responses in laboratory exposed fish and we anticipate a greater applicability in biomarker data from the wild which are largely heterogenous.

scholarly journals Osmotic induction marking with Alizarin Red S on juveniles of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis (Atherinopsidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Campanella ◽  
Angela Garriz ◽  
Dario C. Colautti ◽  
Gustavo M. Somoza ◽  
Leandro A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alizarin Red S ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Odontesthes Bonariensis ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Potential Applicability

Juveniles of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis, were exposed to 0.1% Alizarin Red S (ARS) alone or with a previous immersion in 2.2% saline solution (Osmotic Induction, OI) to enhance the ARS marking method. Fish were marked in the field and immediately released in 1 m3 cages in "La Salada de Monasterio" lagoon, Chascomús, Buenos Aires , Argentina. After 73 days, clear marks were observed in the otoliths, caudal fin rays and scales with both treatments, being the intensity of the signal in the scales of OI+ARS treated fish higher. On the other hand, no marks were observed in the control group on the same structures. Approximately one year post-treatment (385 days), only marks in caudal fin rays were found clearly in OI+ARS treated fish. After this period, no significant differences in total length or weight between marked or control fish were observed and the mortality ranged between 30-40 % in all cages. These results provide strong evidence for the potential applicability of this cost-effective marking technique in differentiation of wild and hatchery-produced pejerrey. The success in the caudal fin rays marking is also important because it is easy to do and does not require the sacrifice of fish.

Juvenile coho salmon locomotion and mosaic muscle are modified by 3′,3′,5′-tri-iodo-l-thyronine (T(3))

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (10) ◽  
pp. 1711-1717
Author(s):  
S. Katzman ◽  
J.J. Cech
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Bundle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Isometric Twitch ◽  
And Control

Studies of maximum aerobic swimming performance in smolting juvenile salmonids indicate that these animals may be aerobically compromised during downstream migration. To test our hypothesis that hyperthyroid status contributes to decreased swimming performance through modification of muscle contractility in juvenile (112 mm mean total length) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), we measured swimming performance and isolated muscle bundle contractility of fish implanted with 3′,3′,5′-tri-iodo-l-thyronine (T(3)) pellets, of fish implanted with sham pellets and of fish with no pellet implantation (control group). After 3 weeks (N=12-13), critical swimming speeds (maximum aerobic swimming speed or U(crit)) were measured. Muscle bundles (N=15-16) were dissected from the hypaxial musculature and stimulated to measure the force and velocity of an isometric twitch and tetani. T(3)-treated fish demonstrated visible morphological changes associated with smoltification. Mean values of U(crit) were significantly decreased and the prolonged contraction (tetani) and twitch rates of contraction, relaxation and maximum force were significantly increased by T(3) treatment compared with both the sham and control fish. Hematocrit, body mass and body length were not significantly affected by T(3) treatment. In conclusion, we suggest that the reported decrease in U(crit) during salmonid smoltification may be mediated by endogenous T(3)-induced contractile modification of mosaic muscle fibers.

scholarly journals PENGAMATAN PROFIL PEMIJAHAN INDUK BANDENG, Chanos chanos GENERASI 1 (G1) DENGAN IMPLANTASI HORMON LHRH-a PADA PEMELIHARAAN SECARA TERKONTROL

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Tony Setia Dharma ◽  
Gigih Setia Wibawa ◽  
. Zafran
Keyword(s):  
Activity Index ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Fish Tank

ABSTRAKSetiap tahun permintaan bandeng selalu mengalami peningkatan, baik untuk konsumsi lokal, sebagai umpan hidup bagi usaha penangkapan ikan tuna, untuk keperluan indukan, maupun pemenuhan kebutuhan ekspor. Penelitian dilakukan di BBPPBL, dimana hewan uji yang digunakan adalah induk bandeng hasil seleksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil pemijahan induk ikan bandeng G1 pada pemeliharaan secara terkontrol. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan bak beton sebanyak 2 buah yaitu A dan B yang memiliki volume masing-masing 150 m³, dan setiap bak diisi sebanyak 50 ekor induk dengan panjang total awal rata-rata 78,04±2,80 cm, bobot tubuh 5,80±0,45 kg. Perlakuan dalam kegiatan penelitian ini adalah (A) hormon dan B tanpa hormon. Pada bak A induk bandeng diimplant oleh hormon LHRH-a dengan dosis 50 µg/kg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induk bandeng baik yang berada pada bak A (Hormon) maupun bak B (Tanpa Hormon) telah memijah dan memiliki profil pemijahan yang kontinyu dan menghasilkan telur yang baik. Namun pada bak A (hormon) telah menghasilkan jumlah dan kualitas telur yang lebih baik daripada bak B. Pada bak A(hormon) memijah sebanyak 26 kali, dengan jumlah total telur sebanyak 5.911.200 butir, sedangkan pada  bak B memijah sebanyak 14 kali, dengan jumlah total telur sebanyak 2.720.410 butir. Hatching rate (HR) yang dihasilkan pada bak A dan bak B masing-masing sebesar 60,20-85,20% dan 50,0-74,50%. Ketahanan larva (SAI) pada bak A selama 3-5 hari, dan pada bak B selama 2-4 hari. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian hormon pada induk bandeng telah meningkatkan profil pemijahan dan jumlah telur yang dihasilkan. ABSTRACT Milkfish Chanos chanos is an important fisheries commodity with high economic value. Demand on this species increased year by year either as local consumption, bait for tuna catching, candidate of broodstock, or for fulfill of export demand. An experiment to evaluate the the effect of implantation LHRH-a hormone on spawning profile of milkfish generation-1 broodstock was conducted in Institute for Mariculture Research and Fisheries Extension, Gondol, Bali. Fifty fish (with average total length of 78.04±2.80 cm and body weight of 5.80±0.45 kg) were implanted with LHRA-a hormone at dosage of 50 µg/kg fish (Tank A). Another 50 fish with the same size without LHRA-ά hormone treatment were used as control (Tank B). The result showed that both of fish groups spawned and produced the eggs. But, the number of eggs produced by fish treated with LHRA-a hormone much higher than control. Quality of eggs produced by fish treated with LHRA-a hormone was also better than control. Fish treated with LHRA-a hormone spawned 26 times with total eggs of 5,911,200. In control group, the fish spawned 14 times with total eggs of 2720,410. Hatching rates of treated fish ranged from 60.20-85.20% compared with 50.0-74.50% in control fish. Survival activity index (SAI) was 3-5 days in treated fish and 2-4 days in control fish. The concluded results of the study of hormones in the milkfish broodstock  has increased the spawning profile and the number of eggs produced.

Effect of Chelated Mineral Mixture on Blood Biochemistry, Hormone and Mineral Status in Repeat Breeder Buffaloes in Tribal Areas of Dahod District in Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Joshi ◽  
D Patel ◽  
P D Patel
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Repeat Breeder

An on-farm trial for 90 days was conducted at four tribal villages to assess the effect of chelated mineral mixture (CMM) supplementation on blood biochemistry as well as hormonal and mineral status, nutrient intake and reproductive performance of the repeat breeder buffaloes (n = 24). The animals selected were randomly divided into two groups of 12 animals each. The group T1 was control group (farmer’s feeding schedule), and T2 treatment group (T1 + CMM @ 50 g/animal/day). Blood collection was done at 0, 45 and 90 days of the experiment from both the groups for assessment of blood biochemical, hormonal and mineral status of the animals. Average DM, DCP and TDN intake in repeat breeder buffaloes calculated as per information collected from farmers were statistically similar among both the groups and were as per ICAR requirements of animals. Results revealed significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in hemoglobin, serum glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, progesterone, and macro (Ca, P)–micro (Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, Mn) mineral status of chelated mineral supplemented group as compared to control animals. The number of days taken for a successful conception in repeat breeder buffaloes as well as the cost of feeding was also reduced upon supplementation of CMM in T2 as compared to T1 group. The control group recorded a 22.12% higher cost of rearing than the treatment group during the experimental period. The findings revealed the beneficial role of cheated minerals supplementation in improving health, nutritional and reproductive status of repeat breeding buffaloes.

scholarly journals Chimeric Protein IPath® with Chelating Activity Improves Atlantic Salmon’s Immunity against Infectious Diseases

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz ◽  
Bárbara P. Benavente ◽  
Antonio Casuso ◽  
Yeny Leal ◽  
Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Iron Transport ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Chelating Activity

Infection processes displayed by pathogens require the acquisition of essential inorganic nutrients and trace elements from the host to survive and proliferate. Without a doubt, iron is a crucial trace metal for all living organisms and also a pivotal component in the host–parasite interactions. In particular, the host reduces the iron available to face the infectious disease, increasing iron transport proteins’ expression and activating the heme synthesis and degradation pathways. Moreover, recent findings have suggested that iron metabolism modulation in fish promotes the immune response by reducing cellular iron toxicity. We hypothesized that recombinant proteins related to iron metabolism could modulate the fish’s immune system through iron metabolism and iron-responsive genes. Here a chimeric iron transport protein (IPath®) was bioinformatically designed and then expressed in a recombinant bacterial system. The IPath® protein showed a significant chelating activity under in vitro conditions and biological activity. Taking this evidence, a vaccine candidate based on IPath® was evaluated in Atlantic salmon challenged with three different fish pathogens. Experimental trials were conducted using two fish groups: one immunized with IPath® and another injected with adjutant as the control group. After 400 accumulated thermal units (ATUs), two different infection trials were performed. In the first one, fish were infected with the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida, and in a second trial, fish were exposed to the ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi and subsequently infected with the intracellular bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis. Fish immunized with IPath® showed a significant delay in the mortality curve in response to A. salmonicida and P. salmonis infections. However, no significant differences between infected and control fish groups were observed at the end of the experiment. Notably, sea lice burden reduction was observed in vaccinated Atlantic salmon. Transcriptional analysis evidenced a high modulation of iron-homeostasis-related genes in fish vaccinated with IPath® compared to the control group during the infection. Moreover, increasing expression of Atlantic salmon IgT was associated with IPath® immunization. This study provides evidence that the IPath® protein could be used as an antigen or booster in commercial fish vaccines, improving the immune response against relevant pathogens for salmon aquaculture.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Red Deer Antler Promotes Hair Growth by Regulating the Hair Cycle and Cell Proliferation in Hair Follicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-jie Li ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Li-juan Gu ◽  
Yun-bo Wang ◽  
Mi-ra Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deer Antler ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
Anagen Phase

Deer antlers are the only mammalian appendage capable of regeneration. We aimed to investigate the effect of red deer antler extract in regulating hair growth, using a mouse model. The backs of male mice were shaved at eight weeks of age. Crude aqueous extracts of deer antler were prepared at either 4°C or 100°C and injected subcutaneously to two separate groups of mice (n=9) at 1 mL/day for 10 consecutive days, with water as a vehicle control group. The mice skin quantitative hair growth parameters were measured and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine was used to identify label-retaining cells. We found that, in both the 4°C and the 100°C deer antler aqueous extract-injection groups, the anagen phase was extended, while the number of BrdU-incorporated cells was dramatically increased. These results indicate that deer antler aqueous extract promotes hair growth by extending the anagen phase and regulating cell proliferation in the hair follicle region.

Retardation and Recovery of Growth in Brook Trout Fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) Exposed for Various Durations to Acidified Water

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2048-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Tam ◽  
P. D. Payson ◽  
R. J. J. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Neutral Water

Brook trout fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to pH 4.66 for various durations up to 141 d and then returned to neutral water. Growth of test fish was in general significantly lower than that of control fish for exposures up to days 45–78. In four of six groups of acid-treated fish, growth eventually recovered and the growth rates were not different from that of control fish. The results suggested that growth inhibition was induced early in the exposure to sublethally low pH and that recovery in the latter phase of the experiment occurred whether pH remained acidic or was readjusted to neutral.

Protective mechanisms of resveratrol against ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage in hearts obtained from Zucker obese rats: the role of GLUT-4 and endothelin

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. H859-H866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istvan Lekli ◽  
Gergo Szabo ◽  
Bela Juhasz ◽  
Samarjit Das ◽  
Manika Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
Obese Rats

The resveratrol-induced cardiac protection was studied in Zucker obese rats. Rats were divided into five groups: group 1, lean control; group 2, obese control (OC); group 3, obese rats treated orally with 5 mg·kg−1·day−1 of resveratrol (OR) for 2 wk; group 4, obese rats received 10% glucose solution ad libitum for 3 wk (OG); and group 5, obese rats received 10% glucose for 3 wk and resveratrol (OGR) during the 2nd and 3rd wk. Body weight, serum glucose, and insulin were measured, and then hearts were isolated and subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Heart rate, coronary flow, aortic flow, developed pressure, the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation, and infarct size were measured. Resveratrol reduced body weight and serum glucose in the OR compared with the OC values (414 ± 10 g and 7.08 ± 0.41 mmol/l, respectively, to 378 ± 12 g and 6.11 ± 0.44 mmol/l), but insulin levels were unchanged. The same results were obtained for the OG vs. OGR group. Resveratrol improved postischemic cardiac function in the presence or absence of glucose intake compared with the resveratrol-free group. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation and infarct size was reduced by 83 and 20% in the OR group, and 67 and 16% in the OGR group, compared with the OC and OG groups, respectively. Resveratrol increased GLUT-4 expression and reduced endothelin expression and cardiac apoptosis in ischemic-reperfused hearts in the presence or absence of glucose intake. Thus the protective effect of resveratrol could be related to its direct effects on the heart.

scholarly journals Characterization of hyperglycemia due to sub-chronic administration of red ginseng extract via comparative global proteomic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Yae Na ◽  
Jung Jae Jo ◽  
Oh Kwang Kwon ◽  
Piljoung Cho ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Term Administration

AbstractGinseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is commonly used as an herbal remedy worldwide. Few studies have explored the possible physiological changes in the liver although patients often self-medicate with ginseng preparations, which may lead to exceeding the recommended dose for long-term administration. Here, we analyzed changes in the hepatic proteins of mouse livers using quantitative proteomics after sub-chronic administration of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract (control group and 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg KRG) using tandem mass tag (TMT) 6‐plex technology. The 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg KRG groups exhibited signs of liver injury, including increased levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum. Furthermore, serum glucose levels were significantly higher following KRG administration compared with the control group. Based on the upregulated proteins found in the proteomic analysis, we found that increased cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) levels promoted greater hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synthesis in the liver. This investigation provides novel evidence that sub-chronic administration of KRG can elevate H2S production by increasing protein expression of CBS and CSE in the liver.

scholarly journals Serum Glucose Level and Hemoglobin Concentration in Third Trimester of Pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Sumaira Sufrin ◽  
Akhtarun Nessa ◽  
Md Tazul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Altered Glucose

Background : Pregnancy is a state of physiological adaptations to accommodate the needs of the developing fetus. Elevated blood glucose during pregnancy could lead to gestational diabetes and anemia could cause intercurrent infection.Objective: To assess the serum glucose level & hemoglobin concentration in third trimester of pregnancy in order to find out the risk of gestational diabetes and physiological anemia.Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, between the period of July, 2013 to June,2014. One hundred pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy aged 18-35years were enrolled in study group and age matched 100 healthy non-pregnant women were control group. Random serum glucose was estimated by GOD-PAP method and hemoglobin concentration was measured by cyanmethemoglobin (CMG) method. Data were analyzed by student’s un paired t test and chi square test.Result: Mean serum glucose level (6.76±1.72 mmol/L) was significantly higher and hemoglobin concentration (8.21±1.23 g/dl) was significantly lower in pregnant women than non-pregnant women. Increased frequency of high glucose (38%) and low H b(88%) was found in pregnant women in third trimester.Conclusion: This study concludes altered glucose metabolism may lead to gestational diabetes as well as physiological anemia may be exaggerated in third trimester of pregnancyBangladesh Soc Physiol. 2015, December; 10(2): 67-70

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