scholarly journals Use of facemasks during the covid-19 pandemic in southeastern Nigeria: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu Madukaku Chukwuocha ◽  
Joshua Chisom Ogboeze ◽  
Ayoola Oluwaseun Bosede ◽  
Lilian Anulike Oduenyi ◽  
Amarachukwu Blessing Chukwujekwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Age Category

Abstract Background The use of facemask for the control of the spread of COVID-19 virus among the population has been recommended by the health authorities. This observational study was carried out to assess the use of facemask in Southeastern Nigeria. Methods Using a two-stage sampling technique, a total of 3100 participants were observed from both rural and urban settings. Frequency distribution tables were used to categories and describe the observed variables, Chi-square (X2) test was used to check for the association between categorical variables. Results Among the observed participants, 46.4% made use of facemask. The most common facemask used was cloth mask (28.6%). About 16.0% of the participants correctly used their facemasks. The highest usage was observed in the urban location (49.2%). A statistically significant association was found between facemask usage and study location (p < 0.001), also between the appropriateness of usage and age category (p < 0.001). Conclusions The observed rate of mask usage may not be able to protect the population against the spread of COVID-19, therefore adequate sensitization on the need for proper use of face masks by the public should be prioritized.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PIJAT BAYI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK BAYI USIA 1 – 12 BULAN DI DESA PUNDUNGSARI BULU SUKOHARJO

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahayu Setyaningsih ◽  
Kristiani Eka Prasetyo Wat ◽  
Asri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Infant Massage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Touch Therapy ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Long Time

AbstractIntroduction: Infant massage is a touch therapy oldest known to the public. Infant massage is one of the communication between mother and child is communication through touch. Infant massage has been known to man for a long time and reduced down - generations. Age 1-12 months is a period of rapid growth that is traversed by the child, including motoric development. Infant massage can provide a stimulus to promote weight and to increase motoric development.The purpose: Of this study was to correlate of infant massage and motoric development in infants aged 1-12 months in District Pundungsari Bulu Sukoharjo.The subjects: Were mother with infants aged 1-12 months, in the District Pundungsari. Sampling is done with total sampling technique. They are 33 sample in this research.Methods: This study was a non-experimental studies, correlation approach. Data obtained by the method of questionare, which is mother has filled the questionare about baby massage in infants aged 1-12 months and motoric development. The data have been collected and analyzed by chi square with p= 0.05. The research found that respondents do baby massage with continue and not continue and motoric development found delayed, normal and advance. After the test results obtained chi square p 0.000 to p <0.05, which means Ha accepted and Ho rejected.The conclusion: Of this study is infant massage correlate with motoric development in infants aged 1-12 months in District Pundungsari Bulu Sukoharjo.Keywords: Infant massage, motoric development

Effect of Audit Expectation Gap in Nigerian Capital Market

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. Onulaka
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Expectation Gap ◽  
The Relationship

Audit expectation gap is a phenomenon that presently attracts the attention of researchers all over the world. The basic problem is in the area of how the public perceives the role of the auditor, which in most cases centers on the prevention of fraud and irregularities. On the other hand the auditor and the auditing profession always exonerate themselves from the fact and perception of the public towards their work. However, the continued litigation against the auditor and the auditing profession has called on a rethink on the relationship of the auditor and the audit work he performs This paper is structured to briefly establish what auditing and its expectations gap is and the relationship audited financial statement has on capital market and to investigate if the identified gaps have any significant effect in the volume of transactions in the Nigerian capital market.It sought to establish the perception of the capital market operators on its existence. Respondents view was also sought on how the gap could be narrowed. Chi-square (χ2) was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. The data were obtained through questionnaire. Two hundred and ninety (290) copies of the instrument were found useful out of 350 copies distributed using purposive sampling technique. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Lagos and Abuja stock Exchange to capture the perceptions of key users of financial statements in Nigerian capital market. The tests of hypothesis were done using Microsoft Excel 2010 version. Tests were carried out at a significant level of 5% and twelve degree of freedom. The findings of the study indicated that there is a wide expectation gap in the areas of auditors’ responsibility for fraud prevention and detection. Audit expectation gap has negative impact on the volume of transactions in Nigerian stock exchange.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge on the Mode of Transmissions and Preventions of Hepatitis-B Among Undergraduate Students in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasoranti Afolabi Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Hepatitis B, which is caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a global health problem that has resulted in high morbidity and mortality with knowledge and awareness about the occurrence and mode of transmissions relatively low among the populace. Therefore, this study examined knowledge on the mode of transmission and preventions of hepatitis B among undergraduate students in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive research was used, and a multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select three hundred respondents which comprised male and female from three tertiary institutions in Lagos state in 2019. Hepatitis B Knowledge Questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.74 was used for data collection. The descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages was used to analyse the demographic characteristics of respondents while the chi-square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables Results: The results revealed that a high proportion of the respondents had poor knowledge about the transmission and prevention of hepatitis B.. The result revealed that the p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically insignificant. Therefore, the study revealed that there is no significant relationship between gender and hepatitis B Conclusion: A critical level of public awareness and vaccination coverage, particularly among students, is essential to decrease Lagos' burden.

scholarly journals Hubungan Persepsi Petugas Kesehatan dengan Kepatuhan Terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Penyebaran Wabah Covid-19 di Area GBPT RSUD Dr. Soetomo

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Nining Dwi Suti Ismawati ◽  
Stefanus Supriyanto ◽  
Setya Haksama
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
To Come

Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered type of coronavirus. This is a new virus and a previously unknown disease before the outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. A coronavirus is a group of viruses that can cause disease in animals or humans. The speed of the epidemic depends on two things, namely how many people are infected in a single case and how long it takes between people to spread the infection. Until now, 209 countries have been affected by COVID-19. The Indonesian government has made efforts to cut the spread of the COVID-19 virus with several steps, namely urging the public not to come or hold events that can gather many people. Aim of study: Based on this background, this study aims to determine whether or not there is a relationship between perceptions of health workers and adherence to the appeal for wearing masks, social distancing, and washing hands in the GBPT area of dr. Soetomo to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Method: The number of respondents in this study were 50 people who work as doctors, nurses, administrative staff, and transporters and were calculated using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using instruments in the form of questionnaires and observation checklist sheets, using the Chi-Square statistical test using the SPSS program. Results and Discussion: The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between perceptions of health workers and adherence. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a need to wear masks in the GBPT area of Dr. Soetomo to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak to health workers, especially those who work as nurses.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN UPAYA IBU DALAM PEMENUHAN KONSUMSI SAYUR DAN BUAH PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Riauni Syaputri ◽  
Yecy Anggreny ◽  
Sekani Niriyah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
The Public

The period of growth and development in preschoolers is strongly influenced by the provision of nutrition and food intake, but mothers can not always to fulfil these needs, especially in fulfilling the consumption of vegetables and fruit. This study aims to determine the description of maternal efforts in fulfilling the consumption of vegetables and fruit in preschool children. This research was a quantitative study with a descriptive research design. The study population was all mothers who have preschool children in Public Health Centre “Payung Sekaki Pekanbaru”. Total sample 192 people, taken by Proportional Random Sampling technique. The process of collecting data using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test. The results showed that of the 192 respondents most of which are 169 people (88.0%) have adequate eating habits, parenting eating most obtained good parenting patterns that are 191 people (99.5%), feeding practices of most respondents were correct namely 97 people (50.5%), the majority of respondents provide good food namely 190 people (99.0%), and the method of food processing shows that the majority of respondents have processed food properly, namely 145 people (75.5%). Mother's efforts in fulfilling the consumption of vegetables and fruit in preschool children in the work area of Payung Sekaki Health Center are good. It is expected that the public health centre will always provide counselling to the public on the importance of balanced food consumption, one of which is to consume spinach and spinach as well as papaya and bananas which have many benefits for children's growth and development, as well as educating parents to more routinely provide vegetable and fruit intake in children every meal hour.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Protokol Kesehatan Dengan Tindakan Pencegahan Penularan COVID-19 Di Wilayah Kabupaten Sikka

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasionista Vianitati ◽  
Maria Yulita Meo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Objective:  The aim of this study to find out the relationship between public knowledge about health protocols and prevention measures for Covid-19 transmission in the Sikka Regency area.Methods:  This type of research is analytic observational with cross sectional design. A questionnaire was given to measure public knowledge about health protocols and an observation sheet to see the behavior of the community to prevent Covid-19 transmission. The sample in the study was 147 people using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Chi-Square with a significance level of α = 0.05.Results:  of this study were obtained public knowledge about the health protocol for the prevention of Covid-19 transmission was in a good category of 53.7% and most people made efforts to prevent Covid-19 transmission by 5M as much as 62.6%. And the results of statistical tests using the Chi Square test obtained pvalue = 0.029 <α = 0.05.Conclusion:  there is a significant relationship between public knowledge about health protocols and measures to prevent Covid-19 transmission in the Sikka Regency area. Therefore, all forms of health education to the public related to Covid-19 must continue to be carried out and carry out tiered evaluations related to the implementation of health protocols and it is hoped that the community will be more obedient to implementing health protocols to prevent Covid-19 transmission through 5M measures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Allergic Conjunctivitis and Associated Comorbidities among School Going Children in Western Odisha - A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
pp. 1565-1569
Author(s):  
Sharmistha Behera ◽  
Jayashree Dora ◽  
Durga Sahu ◽  
Madhumita Naik
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Allergic Conjunctivitis ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

BACKGROUND Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common eye condition that is frequent in childhood. The prevalence of allergic diseases in children aged 6 to 14 years varies significantly from 0.3 % to 20.5 %, and is gradually increasing.1 It is associated with several allergic diseases affecting the ocular surface and it is the most common ocular condition encountered in clinical practice. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, ocular manifestations of allergic conjunctivitis, and associated comorbidities among school-going children in Western Odisha. METHODS A total of 1502 children from 10 schools of Burla, participated in this crosssectional observational study. Data collection started in September 2018 up to September 2019. All the children underwent meticulous history taking for symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and any other associated comorbidities, a structured validated questionnaire was used to collect demographic and medical data. Visual assessment, and slit-lamp examination were done to look for signs of allergic conjunctivitis and any associated complications. Interpretation and data analysis was done using Epi Info Software and a chi-square test was used to analyse significant associations among categorical variables. RESULTS The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis was found to be 29.16 % with a males to female ratio of 1.02: 1. Children aged 13 – 16 years recorded the highest number of cases which was 43.60 %. The commonest presenting symptom was itching (100 %), Papillae were the most frequent sign (97.71 %), Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) was the most common type of AC reported (59.36 %), and allergic rhinitis (17.8 %) was the most common associated comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of Allergic conjunctivitis is high among children aged 5 - 16 yrs. There is a lack of treatment seeking behaviour inspite of such high frequency. Early identification & treatment of patients would help curb complications, improve the child’s quality of life and thus the ophthalmic health of the community. KEYWORDS Allergic Conjunctivitis, Ocular Comorbidities, SAC

scholarly journals REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 081-099
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Tarar ◽  
Saira Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Zafar ◽  
Sher Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health State ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

Reproductive health is concerned with the people’s ability to have a satisfyingand safe sex life ensuring their capability to reproduce with a liberty of making a decision thatif, when and how often they have to do so. Objective: (1) To examine the females perceptions,attitude and practices about reproductive health services. (2) To determine the level of theirempowerment to take decisions and make choices regarding their own reproductive health. (3)To determine the level of the quality, availability and accessibility of reproductive health servicesand to suggest some measures for policy makers to improve the reproductive health state ofyoung mothers in district Faisalabad. Study Design: A sample of 600 young married females ofage 15-32 years were selected through multistage sampling technique. Period: 2009. SettingArea: Rural and urban area of District Faisalabad. Material and Method: Uni-variate (frequencydistribution and percentage) and Bi-variate analysis (Chi square and Gamma Statistics) wascarried out. Results: Most (44.0%) of the respondents belonged to age category of 26-30years; 35.5% were married up to 18 years; 39.3% had passed up to 5 years marriage duration;71.8% had primary and above level of education. Majority (65.9%) had up to Rs.10,000 permonth income, 49.2% possessed 6-10 family members, 73.5% beard at least 2 and abovelive children, 74.0 % perceived family planning good,79.7% had knowledge of FP and 26.0%practiced FPM (Family Planning Method). The most common FPMs were condom (33.3%) andtubectomy (21.8%) while 41.0% faced side effect because of FPM during their reproductive life.A huge majority (79.8%) of the respondents received ANC, 87.8% made regular visits for medicalcheckup and 48.8% got ANC from Pvt. Hospital during last pregnancy. Bi-variate analysisshowed highly significant relation among age at marriage, awareness level, monthly income,education, number of pregnancies, number of children, number of visits to medical centre,availability of RH services, cultural hindrance and age of respondents vs. their reproductivehealth. Conclusions: Although most of the females were young & educated mothers with goodreproductive health experience and perceived FM good but still lacking in practicing FMPswhich indicates that we need to pay more attention towards female empowerment and decisionmaking authority status at domestic level.

scholarly journals Utilization of Reproductive Health Services among Youths in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Onyeneke, J.U. ◽  
Ibebuike, J. ◽  
Vincent, C.C.N.
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Reproductive Services ◽  
Youth Friendly

Youths are faced with immense reproductive health problems and they have limited access to reproductive health services. This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of reproductive health services among youths in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross sectional study and the multistage sampling technique was adopted to select samples for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to interview the subjects and obtain data for the study which was uploaded into the SPSS version 21 software and the Chi-square was used to test for association at 5% level of significance. A total of 424 people were studied comprising of 276 (65.1%) males and 148 (34.9%) females. Results showed that only 106 (25%) showing good knowledge of reproductive health services while 318 (75%) showed poor knowledge. Among the 148 that have used reproductive services, 56.8% responded that they seek reproductive services in the home of a health worker, 29.1% seek reproductive health services through public health facilities such as health centers, clinic or NGO, and 14.2% obtain their reproductive health services through drug shops such as a pharmacy or chemist. SPSS analysis using the Chi-square showed that the male gender showed poorer knowledge of RHS than the female gender but gender was not found to be significant (p=0.098, χ2=1.993). Other significant socio-demographic factors include marital status (p=0.0001, χ2= 46.29), living pattern (p=0.005, χ2=6.93) and education (p=0.0001, χ2= 17.8). In conclusion, the study showed that the knowledge and the level of utilization RHS is still low among youths in the study area. It was recommended that stakeholders sensitize the public on the importance of youth reproductive health services and strengthen the idea of youth friendly reproductive health services. Keywords: Youth, Utilization, Knowledge, Reproductive Health Services, Youth Friendly Services.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF BREAST SELF EXAMINATION (BBS) ON FEMALE STUDENTS IN SMA NEGERI 6 PEKANBARU YEARS 2016

1930 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Riri Maharani ◽  
Lisa Fransisca
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Self Examination

Breast Self Examination (BSE) is an examination technique where one woman check her own breasts with a look and feel with a finger to detect whether or not there is a lump in her breast ( Djawarut , 2014). BSE is one way to detect breast cancer early . According Sutjipto , at this time have been found with breast cancer at a young age . This study aims to determine the behavior of adolescent girls in SMA 6 Pekanbaru 2016 . This type of research is a quantitative analytical research. With design cross- sectional. The sample was SMA Negeri 6 Pekanbaru class X and XI which totaled 129 with a population of 371 people. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling. The analysis used were univariate and bivariate with Chi Square test. Based on the results of the study showed most respondents did conduct BSE in 2 (1.6 %), respondents with low knowledge, 104 (100 %), respondents with negative attitudes were 107 (100 %), respondents were not doing as much as 110 (100 %), respondents who never get as much information as much as 105 (100 %), and respondents who have no family support as many as 106 (100 %), Based on the statistical test P value obtained from five variables < α (0.05), there is a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, actions, mass media and family support to conduct breast self-examination. Advice can be given is the school invited health authorities to work together to educate the student through counseling in an effort to improve reproductive health so that students know the importance of early behavioral measures BSE.

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