scholarly journals Effect of Angle Ply On The Mechanical Performance of Jute Fibre Woven Mat /Epoxy Composites With Varying Ageing Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satheeshkumar S. ◽  
Sathishkumar T. P ◽  
Rajini Nagarajan ◽  
Navaneethakrishnan P. ◽  
Sikiru O. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Laminated Composites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laminated Plate ◽  
Maximum Activation ◽  
Mechanical Strengths ◽  
Strength Retention ◽  
Composite Samples

Abstract The present work investigates the mechanical strengths retention and prediction of maximum service life of sets of laminated composites by analyzing their diffusion coefficients and activation energies, using Fick’s law and Arrhenius principle. Jute fiber woven mat reinforced epoxy laminated composites (JFMRLCs) were prepared by simple hand lay-up and compression molding methods. The layering patterns of 0º balanced laminate of [0º/0º/0º/0º/0º], 30º angle-ply laminate of [0º/+30º/0º/-30º/0º] and 45° angle-ply laminate of [0°/+45°/0°/-45°/0°] were used to prepare the composite samples, according to classical laminated plate theory (CLPT). The composites were immersed in water at different periods of 10, 20, 30 and 40 days aging. The effects of the various periods of aging on their mechanical properties were studied. The results showed that the weights of the composite samples increased by increasing the aging periods. The mechanical properties of aged (wet) composites were compared with the unaged (dry) counterparts to predict their strengths retention. The composite with 45° layering pattern exhibited the maximum strength retention. Also, the same composite sample with layering pattern of 45° produced the maximum activation energy, based on Arrhenius principle. The tensile fractured surfaces were analyzed to investigate into their fiber-matrix interfacial bonds through images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Summarily, it was evident that optimum JFMRLCs with layering pattern of 45° exhibited best mechanical properties. Hence, they can act as suitable, sustainable, low cost and environmentally friendly composite materials for structural marine and other related engineering applications.

Mechanical Properties of ABS Embedded with Basalt Fiber Fillers

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman M. M. Abdelhaleem ◽  
Mohammed Y. Abdellah ◽  
Hesham I. Fathi ◽  
Montasser Dewidar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Notched Strength ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Plastic Injection

AbstractAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) has great verity applications in aerospace and automobiles industries. Mechanical strength of the ABS is superior to even that of impact resistant polystyrene. In addition metallic coatings can be applied to the surface of ABS moldings. The main aim of the present work is to investigate the mechanical properties of additives of basalt fibers (BF) to ABS with (5, 10, and 15) wt% embedded into the polymer matrix by using plastic injection molding technique. This new perceptions has been done on basalt fibers that have a potential low cost with its good mechanical performance. The ultimate tensile strength that obtained from the composite with 15 wt% is 56.67 MPa with 40.52 % increase value than neat ABS, Young’s modulus gradually increases with increasing the amount of additives. Impact un-notched strength decreases with a reported increment of 24.617 KJ.m–2. A Rockwell hardness test is also used and with the increases of additives the amount of hardness of the composite increases. A scan electron microscopy (SEM) on the fracture surface is captured to check the morphologies structure of the composite comparable with a neat ABS. and it is showed a very good distribution and bonding of the B.F. with the pure ABS. As well as the cost of the ABS and BF is reduced by a percentage of 15 %.

scholarly journals On the Use of Biobased Waxes to Tune Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoates–Bran Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2615
Author(s):  
Vito Gigante ◽  
Patrizia Cinelli ◽  
Maria Cristina Righetti ◽  
Marco Sandroni ◽  
Giovanni Polacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Flour Milling ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Analytic Models

In this work, processability and mechanical performances of bio-composites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) containing 5, 10, and 15 wt % of bran fibers, untreated and treated with natural carnauba and bee waxes were evaluated. Wheat bran, the main byproduct of flour milling, was used as filler to reduce the final cost of the PHBV-based composites and, in the same time, to find a potential valorization to this agro-food by-product, widely available at low cost. The results showed that the wheat bran powder did not act as reinforcement, but as filler for PHBV, due to an unfavorable aspect ratio of the particles and poor adhesion with the polymeric matrix, with consequent moderate loss in mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break). The surface treatment of the wheat bran particles with waxes, and in particular with beeswax, was found to improve the mechanical performance in terms of tensile properties and impact resistance of the composites, enhancing the adhesion between the PHBV-based polymeric matrix and the bran fibers, as confirmed by predictive analytic models and dynamic mechanical analysis results.

scholarly journals Fabrication Technique for Bio-Composite Patch Repair on Laminated Structures of CFRP Plate

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K.H. Muda ◽  
Faizal Mustapha ◽  
K.D. Mohd Aris ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Patch Repair ◽  
Fabrication Technique ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laminated Structures

Laminated structures are assembled so that the fibre orientation provides most of desired mechanical properties and the matrix largely determines the environmental performance. Composites laminate structures are used in a wide range of applications in aerospace, marine, automotive, surface transport and sports equipment markets. Damage to composite components is not always visible to the naked eye and the extent of damage is best determined for structural components by suitable Non Destructive Test (NDT) methods. Alternatively the damaged areas can be located by simply tapping the composite surface and listening to the sound. The damaged areas give a dull response to the tapping, and the boundary between the good and damaged composite can easily be mapped to identify the area for repair. Awareness of and inspection for composite damage should be included in the regular maintenance schedules for composite structures. Particular attention would be made to areas which are more prone to damage. The repair can be done by using composite itself or bio-composite. Bio-composite is a reinforcement of natural fibre such as plant and a material that formed by matrix or resin. Then repairs to aircraft structures are controlled and should be carried out according to the Aircraft Structural Repair Manual (SRM). For other applications the repaired components would normally be expected to meet the original specifications and mechanical performance requirements. This paper presents the fabrication technique including patch repair by using bio-composite which is kenaf and its aim to give a general approach to composite fabrication on patch repair in all applications. Through the described approach, the life of the structure is expanded and met the properties requirements such as low cost, fairly good mechanical properties, high specific strength, non-abrasive, eco-friendly and bio-degradability characteristics.

Mechanical performance of cellulose nanofibril film-wood flake laminate

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Chieh Liu ◽  
Robert J. Moon ◽  
Alan Rudie ◽  
Jeffrey P. Youngblood
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Laminated Plate ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Cnf Films

Abstract Homogeneous and transparent CNF films, fabricated from the (2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) oxyl (TEMPO)-modified CNF suspension, were laminated onto wood flakes (WF) based on phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and the reinforcement potential of the material has been investigated. The focus was on the influence of CNF film lamination, relative humidity (RH), heat treatment, and anisotropic properties of WF on the CNF-WF laminate tensile properties (elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, strain to failure). Results demonstrated that CNF-WF laminates had improved mechanical performance as compared to the neat WF. In the WF transverse direction, there were gains of nearly 200% in Young’s modulus and 300% in ultimate tensile strength. However, in the WF axial direction, the reinforcement effect was minor after PF modification of the wood and the presence of the CNF layers. The effective elastic moduli of the CNF-WF laminates were calculated based on the laminated plate theory, and the calculation in both axial and transverse directions were in agreement with the experimental results.

Mechanical Performance of an Animal-Based Silk/Polymer Bio-Composite

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 1161-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoi Yan Cheung ◽  
Alan Kin Tak Lau
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
By Products ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Comprehensive Study

There has been a concern over many years on the usage of existing metallic and ceramicbased biomaterials for implant design and development due to the necessity of conducting operations for patients to remove and maintain implants after they complete their desired functions. Recently, the development of biodegradable polymers like poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), and their co-polymers etc. have emerged and provided an entirely new concept to tackle this problem as these polymers can be fully or partly degraded or resorbed by the human body, i.e. an extra operation for removing the implants can be avoided, which can highly alleviate the hard feeling of the patients that come from psychological and physiological pressures. Natural fibres have been well recognized as potential micro-reinforcements for the enhancement of mechanical, thermal and structural properties of biodegradable polymer composites, without generating any harmful by-products and adverse effects during their degrading process to the patients. These natural fibers can be mainly classified depending on their origin into two categories; they are (i) plant-based and (ii) animal-based natural fibers, like spider and silkworm silks. Since the last decade, silkworm silks have been used as reinforcements for fabricating biocomposites. However, no comprehensive study, particularly on the correlation between the mechanical properties of the composites, and fiber orientations and configurations has been done to date. In this paper, an in depth study on the mechanical properties of silk/epoxy composites with different fiber contents and orientations, through experimental approach and fractographic examinations will be conducted. Tensile property tests for all silk/epoxy composite samples will be performed. Failure samples will be examined by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the failure mechanism of the composites.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behaviour of Coconut Coir Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2462-2465
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Coir Fibre

With low cost, simplicity of manufacturing and the abundant availability of natural fibers have tempted the researchers to try the available fibres and to investigate their possibility of using it for the purpose of reinforcement. Since Coir fiber is renewable, eco-friendly, less weight and has good mechanical performance it is considered as one of the best alternative to Carbon fiber. In this present work the ability of coir fibre in improving the mechanical characteristic has been studied. Four specimens having different weight fractions (5%,10%,15% &20%) of coir fiber with polyester matrix is prepared and their corresponding mechanical properties has been determined. In this work the fiber is treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) for attaining good fiber separation and hand- lay-up practice have been employed for composite manufacturing. To find the mechanical characteristics of composite the following tests were performed on the prepared specimens like tensile test, Flexure and hardness test. Experimental result reveals that the composite with 15% coir fiber have a maximum tensile strength of 26.5Mpa From the Experimental results it is evident that the increase in coir fiber weight fraction results in improving the mechanical properties of the composite.

scholarly journals Leather Waste to Enhance Mechanical Performance of High-Density Polyethylene

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eylem Kiliç ◽  
Quim Tarrés ◽  
Marc Delgado-Aguilar ◽  
Xavier Espinach ◽  
Pere Fullana-i-Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Impact Strength

Leather buffing dust (BF) is a waste from tannery which is usually disposed on landfills. The interest in using wastes as fillers or reinforcements for composites has raised recently due to environmental concerns. This study investigates the potential use of BF waste as filler for a high density polyethylene matrix (HDPE). A series of HDPE-BF composites, containing filler concentrations ranging from 20 to 50wt%, were formulated, injection molded and tested. The effect of filler contents on the mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated and discussed. Composites with BF contents up to 30wt% improved the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the matrix, achieving similar mechanical properties to polypropylene (PP). In the case of flexural strength, it was found to be proportionally enhanced by increasing reinforcement content, maintaining high impact strength. These composites present great opportunities for PP application areas that require higher impact resistance. The materials were submitted to a series of closed-loop recycling cycles in order to assess their recyclability, being able to maintain better tensile strength than virgin HDPE after 5 cycles. The study develops new low-cost and sustainable composites by using a waste as composite filler.

scholarly journals Structure and Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Glassy Carbon

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4024
Author(s):  
Piotr Olesik ◽  
Marcin Godzierz ◽  
Mateusz Kozioł ◽  
Jakub Jała ◽  
Urszula Szeluga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Carbon Fillers ◽  
Composite Samples

In this paper, we investigated theimpact of glassy carbon (GC) reinforcement oncrystal structure and the mechanical performance of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). We made composite samples by mixing HDPE granules with powder in ethanol followed bymelt mixing in a laboratory extruder. Along with the investigated composite, we also prepared samples with carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene (GNP) and graphite (Gr) to compare GC impact with already used carbon fillers. To evaluate crystal structure and crystallinity, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We supported the XRD results with a residual stress analysis (RSA) according to the EN15305 standard. Analysis showed that reinforcing with GC leads to significant crystallite size reduction and low residual stress values. We evaluated the mechanical properties of composites with hardness and tensile testing. The addition of glassy carbon results inincreased mechanical strength incomposites with CNT and GNP.

Topology optimization of compliant mechanisms with curvilinear fiber path laminated composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (17) ◽  
pp. 3101-3110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxing Tong ◽  
Wenjie Ge ◽  
Yonghong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Laminated Composites ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Laminated Plate ◽  
Topology Optimization Problem ◽  
Fiber Path

An approach for designing compliant mechanisms with curvilinear fiber path laminated composites is presented to obtain the optimum topology structure in this paper. A laminated plate with curvilinear fiber path is built by using the shifted fiber path method. Meanwhile, an equivalent constitutive relationship of the laminated plate has been obtained based on the laminated plate theory. Taking the element relative density as design variable, minimizing the weighted linear combination of the mutual strain energy and the strain energy is considered as an objective function to achieve the desired deformation and enough load-carrying capacity of compliant mechanisms with the volume constraint. The topology optimization problem is solved via the optimality criteria and the sensitivity filtering technology. The numerical examples of designing compliant inverters are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. And furthermore, the displacements and the stress levels are also discussed for the compliant inverters with different curvilinear fiber laminated sequences.

Influence of the Porous Volume in the Structure of Resin Bond Composite Abrasives by its Mechanical Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus de Mendonça Chitan ◽  
Katia Cristiane Gandolpho Candioto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Porous Volume ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abrasive tools consist of abrasive grains, binder and pores. Binders are the matrix of the material and may be of the metallic, vitrified or resin type. The wide use of polymeric materials (resinoid) is due to their low cost and excellent mechanical properties. The grain has the function of roughing the material, the binder, on the other hand, has the characteristics of ensuring grain adhesion and the pores in the structure are responsible for cooling the abrasive tool. In this work, we report the preparation and evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of resin bond composite abrasives with different structures based on the porous concentration. The composite abrasives were made with phenolic resin and alumina grains. Four different structures were studied from 10 to 30% of porous volume fraction with 50% of grain volume fraction. The concentration of porous and bond in the structure composition were employed to compare the mechanical performance of the prepared composite abrasive. To evaluate the mechanical properties of composites, Impact strength, Young’s Modulus by impulse excitation and flexural strength were realized. It was observed that as the porosity is higher, the impact resistance (absorbed energy) is lower, which confirms the lower resistance produced by the surface area contact (grain/binder) and a greater accumulation of tension in the binder material, the higher porosity value, higher the flexural strength value until 20% of porosity. Samples with higher volumes level of porosity presented lower Young’s Modulus but the presence of pores produced by volatiles by-products (mainly water) should act as stress concentrators, thus favoring lower mechanical properties at the resin-grain interface.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document