scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ANTITUMOR CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS ON THE STRUCTURE AND PHOSPHORUS-CALCIUM METABOLISM OF INJURED LONG TUBULAR SKELETAL BONES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana V. Riabenko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Bony Tissue ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tubular Bones

The high frequency of fractures in cancer patients is due to a decrease in bone strength which is associated with bone metabolism disorders such as osteoporosis, metastatic bone disease, and pathological fractures. Anticancer chemotherapy is prescribed for long-term periods and affects bone metabolism, in particular mineralization of bony tissue. To study the structure and macronutrient composition of long tubular bones in rats under the influence of antitumor chemotherapeutics. The study involved 96 white laboratory 7 month-old male rats weighing 230 ± 10 g that were cut by a ball-shaped dental burr to obtain a 2 mm diameter perforation defect to the medullary cavity in the middle third of the femoral shaft. The animals were divided into the control (n = 24) and three experimental groups (Group I, II, and III, n = 72), which were given intraperitoneal antitumor chemotherapeutics after the cut procedure: Group I (n = 24) – doxorubicin (60 mg/m²), Group II (n = 24) – 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m²), Group III (n = 24) – methotrexate (40 mg/m²). The therapy was repeated every 21 days throughout the experiment. On the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th day after the injury, the animals were sacrificed with subsequent removal of the injured long tubular bones. The samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Statistical analysis of the obtained digital values was performed with the help of MX Excel XP statistical computer program using the Student's t‑test. The difference was considered significant at p ˂ 0.05. Antitumor chemotherapy slows down the formation of bone regenerate in the area of the defect and causes disorders of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in the injured bone. This is manifested by a decrease in the intensity of newly formed organic matrix mineralization in the area of the defect and a decrease in the level of calcium and phosphorus in the native bone and on its border with the regenerate. Doxorubicin and methotrexate provide the most negative impact on mineralization process among antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. The use of antitumor chemotherapeutic agents – doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate – slows down the processes of reparative regeneration at all stages of recovery after injury and reduces the phosphorus-calcium metabolism of injured long tubular bones.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Effect of Ajwa Date Aqueous Extract on Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1521-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaad F. Sabbah ◽  
Fawzia Alshubali ◽  
Othman A. S. Baothman ◽  
Mazin A. Zamzami ◽  
Lobna Shash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cardiac Enzymes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agents to treat several malignancies. However, the clinical use of DOX is seriously restricted due to its acute and chronic cardiotoxic side effects This study investigated the protective effect of (Ajwa) date aqueous extract (AJDAE) against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Sixty Wister albino male rats (150-200 gms.) were comprised in our study and divided into six equal groups: group I (untreated control), group II, group III, rats were orally received AJDAE (0.75 & 1.5 gm/ kg.bw) respectively, for 4 weeks, rats of groups IV, V and VI were intraperitoneally injected with one dose of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg.bw) at the end of the 4th week of the study to induce cardiotoxicity, rats of groups V & VI were orally received AJDAE (0.75 & 1.5 gm/ kg.bw) respectively. Cardiac enzymes, lipid profile, SOD, GR, GST, GPx, CAT and MDA in rats’ hearts homogenate, urinary 8OHdG as well as DNA integrity and histopathological changes were investigated in all studied rats.Oral administration of AJDAE (0.75 & 1.5 gm/ kg.bw) attenuated the cardiotoxicity of DOX, improved the cardiac enzymes, lipid profile, reduced the urinary 8OHdG and prohibited the depletion of endogenous antioxidants and suppressed lipid peroxidation (MDA). Moreover, AJDAE enhanced DNA integrity. Histological findings showed that AJDAE (0.75 & 1.5 gm/ kg.bw) administration reduced cardiomyocytes alterations, congestion, edema and the intense cellular stress exerted on myocardial fibers as well as restored the cardiomyocytes architecture. Our data showed that AJDAE obviously resulted in protective effects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rat’s heart. It can be concluded that Ajwa date offers a considerable protection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

The Negative Impact of Biological Variation in the Effect and Clearance of Warfarin on Methods for Prediction of Dose Requirements

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peretz Weiss ◽  
Hillel Halkin ◽  
Shlomo Almog
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Dose Prediction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Variance Explained

SummaryWithin-individual variation over time in the clearance (Cl) and effect (PT%) of warfarin, was measured in 25 inpatients (group I) studied after standard single or individualized split loading doses and 1-3 times (n = 16) 8-16 weeks later during maintenance. Mean Cl (2.5 α 0.9 ml/min) was similar in both phases but significant changes occurred in 6/16 patients, exceeding those expected from within-individual variation alone (defined by its 95% tolerance limits -24% to +62%). Initial PT% (21 α 5) was unaffected by dosing schedule, total or free plasma warfarin, varying between patients by only 18-24%. Mean initial and maintenance dose-PT% ratios (8.2 mg/d: 21% and 4.1 mg/d: 40%) were similar but significant changes in sensitivity to warfarin occurred in 4/16 patients. In group I and 64 other outpatients on maintenance therapy, between-individual variability was 36-52% for Cl and 49-56% for effect. PT% correlated best (r = 0.56) with free and total plasma warfarin but poorly with dose (r = 0.29), with only 30% of PT% variance explained at best, due to high between patient variability.Warfarin dose prediction whether based on extrapolation from initial effects to the maintenance phase, or on iterative methods not allowing for between- or within-patient variation in warfarin clearance or effect which may occur independently over time, have not improved on empirical therapy. This, due to the elements of biological variability as well as the intricacy of the warfarin - prothrombin complex interaction not captured by any kinetic-dynamic model used for prediction to date.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Different Pain Medication and Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of hMSCs Using 99mTc-HDP Labelling

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Tobias Grossner ◽  
Uwe Haberkorn ◽  
Tobias Gotterbarm
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
The Impact

First-line analgetic medication used in the field of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases, like Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reduces pain and prostaglandin synthesis, whereby peptic ulcers are a severe adverse effect. Therefore, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are frequently used as a concomitant medication to reduce this risk. However, the impact of NSAIDs or metamizole, in combination with PPIs, on bone metabolism is still unclear. Therefore, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in monolayer cultures in 10 different groups for 21 days. New bone formation was induced as follows: Group 1 negative control group, group 2 osteogenic differentiation media (OSM), group 3 OSM with pantoprazole (PAN), group 4 OSM with ibuprofen (IBU), group 5 OSM with diclofenac (DIC), group 6 OSM with metamizole (MET), group 7 OSM with ibuprofen and pantoprazole (IBU + PAN), group 8 OSM with diclofenac and pantoprazole (DIC + PAN), group 9 OSM with metamizole and pantoprazole (MET + PAN) and group 10 OSM with diclofenac, metamizole and pantoprazole (DIC + MET + PAN). Hydroxyapatite content was evaluated using high-sensitive radioactive 99mTc-HDP labeling. Within this study, no evidence was found that the common analgetic medication, using NSAIDs alone or in combination with pantoprazole and/or metamizole, has any negative impact on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. To the contrary, the statistical results indicate that pantoprazole alone (group 3 (PAN) (p = 0.016)) or diclofenac alone (group 5 (DIC) (p = 0.008)) enhances the deposition of minerals by hMSCS in vitro. There is an ongoing discussion between clinicians in the field of orthopaedics and traumatology as to whether post-surgical (pain) medication has a negative impact on bone healing. This is the first hMSC in vitro study that investigates the effects of pain medication in combination with PPIs on bone metabolism. Our in vitro data indicates that the assumed negative impact on bone metabolism is subsidiary. These findings substantiate the thesis that, in clinical medicine, the patient can receive every pain medication needed, whether or not in combination with PPIs, without any negative effects for the osteo-regenerative potential.

Potential anti-toxic effect of d-ribose-l-cysteine supplement on the reproductive functions of male rats administered cyclophosphamide

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel O. Oludare ◽  
Gbenga O. Afolayan ◽  
Ganbotei G. Semidara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to access the protective effects of d-ribose-l-cysteine (DRLC) on cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced gonadal toxicity in male rats. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of eight rats each. Group I the control, received distilled water (10 ml/kg), Group II received a single dose of CPA 100 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p), Groups III and IV received a single dose of CPA at 100 mg/kg (i.p) and then were treated with DRLC at 200 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w) and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. Rats in Groups V and VI received DRLC at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. DRLC was administered orally. Results Results showed that CPA increased percentage of abnormal sperm cells and reduced body weight, sperm count, sperm motility, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels (p<0.05). CPA also induced oxidative stress as indicated by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced activities of the oxidative enzymes measured (p<0.05). Liver enzymes were elevated while the blood cells production was decreased in the rats administered CPA. DRLC supplementation enhanced the antioxidant defence system as indicated in the reduced MDA levels and increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes when compared with CPA (p<0.05). Bodyweight, sperm count, sperm motility, FSH, and testosterone levels were increased in the CPA + DRLC II group compared with CPA (p<0.05). Conclusions The results of this present study showed that DRLC has a potential protective effect on CPA-induced gonadotoxicity.

scholarly journals Neurotoxic Effect of Fipronil in Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of L-Arginine and L-Carnitine

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Yasmina K. Mahmoud ◽  
Ahmed A. Ali ◽  
Heba M. A. Abdelrazek ◽  
Tahany Saleh Aldayel ◽  
Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

The ameliorative effect of L-arginine (LA) and L-carnitine (LC) against fipronil (FPN)-induced neurotoxicity was explored. In this case, 36 adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: group I received distilled water, group II received 500 mg/kg LA, group III received 100 mg/kg LC, group IV received 4.85 mg/kg FPN, group V received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 500 mg/kg LA and group VI received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 100 mg/kg LC for 6 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed using Barnes maze (BM). Serum corticosterone, brain total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and dopamine were measured. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of ionized calcium-binding adaptor (Iba-1), doublecortin (DCX) and serotonin (S-2A) receptors were performed. Fipronil induced noticeable deterioration in spatial learning and memory performance. In addition, FPN significantly (p < 0.05) diminished brain antioxidant defense system and dopamine coincide with elevated serum corticosterone level. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative and necrotic changes. Furthermore, Iba-1 and DCX were significantly expressed in cortex and hippocampus whereas S-2A receptors were significantly lowered in FPN group. However, administration of LA or LC alleviated FPN-induced deteriorations. In conclusion, LA and LC could be prospective candidates for mitigation of FPN-induced neurotoxicity via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuropotentiating effects.

Influence of Tobacco on Physical Fitness Recovery of College Students After Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3445-3451
Author(s):  
Chen Yake
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Objectives: In this paper, the effects of tobacco on aerobic exercise ability and physical fitness recovery of college students were studied. Methods: University group sports intervention form: traditional characteristic project (basketball) + Taiji soft ball (R&D intervention project). Exercise time: 3 times/week; Activity duration: 30min; Activity intensity: the heart rate is controlled at 120-140 beats/min. All the college students in the experimental group are students who have never smoked, and the college students in the control group are students who have smoked for more than two years. The other conditions are the same. Results: The exercise time and endurance of experimental groups I and II were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the cardiopulmonary function was significantly lower than that of the control group. The indexes of experimental group II changed significantly compared with experimental group I, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Cigarette smoke can significantly reduce the aerobic exercise ability and anti fatigue ability. The longer the smoking time, the more serious the adverse effects. Therefore, tobacco smoke and nicotine will damage college students’ aerobic exercise ability and have a negative impact on the recovery of physical fitness after exercise.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

scholarly journals NEPHRO-PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED METHANOL FRACTIONS PHYTO-COMPOUND FROM BARK OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Shreya Mandal ◽  
Arpita Patra ◽  
Shrabani Pradhan ◽  
Suchismita Roy ◽  
Animesh Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant property of the isolated phytocompounds from TA (Terminalia arjuna) bark and in vivo study for nephro-protective and oxidative stress reducing activity in experimentally induced albino male rats.Methods: Fractions from methanol crude TA extract were collected by column chromatography and F27, F28, F29 fractions were selected on the basis of antioxidant property by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. The in vivo study performed by 30 albino male rats which were randomly divided into five groups: Group I (control)were taken normal food and water, Groups II (uremic) were injected acetaminophen intraperitoneally at the dose of 500 mg/kg/d for 10 d, Group III, IV and V(extract treatment) acetaminophen intraperitoneally at the dose of 500 mg/kg/d for 10 d with co-administered orally of methanol fraction F27, F28, F29 at the dose of 100 mg/kg/d for 15 d respectively.Results: After scarification of rats, the uremic marker plasma urea (80%), creatinine (85%) were elevated and antioxidant enzyme marker such as plasma SOD and catalase level were significantly increased (p<0.05)in Group IV compared to Group II. The total phenolic content of the F28 methanolic fraction was (815.48±8.11) mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract. For isolation of available compound by 1H NMR study in F28 methanol fraction of TA bark was arjunoside IV which contained olefinic proton (a pair of carbon atom linked with double bond).Conclusion: Among the three methanolic fraction of TA bark, F28 was shown best antioxidative, nephron-protective and oxidative stress reducing property. 

scholarly journals Effect of Aging on the Cornea of Male Albino Rat and Possible Therapeutic Role of Royal Jelly

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H R Elareny ◽  
A I Ahmed ◽  
A F Alneklawy ◽  
M K Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Introduction Nowadays interest in aging has greatly increased, Aging is a complex natural process involving every molecule, cell, and organ in the body that is associated with tissue dysfunction in many organs. Aging of the cornea causes major eye effects and leads to substantial cost in medical and social terms. These effects include the highly prevalent dry eye disease (DED) that affects both visual function and quality of life in elderly. Symptoms of (DED) include, ocular pain, visual disturbances, and increase lacrimation. Functional foods such as Royal jelly (RJ) have a growing attention because of consumers increasing concerns about their health. Its importance not only for its nutritional properties but also for its functional and biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-ulcerous activities. It is used as a cheap natural source in daily life and medicine. (RJ) is a complex substance composed of proteins, sugars, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Aim The present study aimed to investigate the histological effect of aging on the cornea of male albino rat and possible therapeutic role of (RJ) on senile group. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male albino rats were used in this study divided into Group I: consisted of 6 adult male rats aged 3- 6 months. Group II: consisted of 18 senile male rats aged 18-24 months, were further subdivided into three subgroups as follows: Group II A: (n = 6) negative control senile rats, not subjected to any procedure for 4 weeks. Group II B: (n = 6) control senile rats and were given distilled water by oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks. Group II C: (n = 6) senile rats were given (RJ) by oral gavage dissolved in distilled water once daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed after being deeply anesthetized with ether according to the protocol of the Committee of Animal Research Ethics (CARE). The cornea of each animal was carefully dissected out after death and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for preparation of paraffin blocks 5 micrometer thickness. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (I-I&E), Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Statistical analysis and quantitative morphometric study were done. Results Light microscopic examination of corneas of senile rats revealed different pathological changes included irregularity in the surface epithelium as well as surface erosions and cytoplasmic vacuolations. The stroma showed widely separated collagen fibers with decreased keratocyte density. It was concluded that (RJ) supplementation to senile rats obviously unproved all layers of the cornea histologically.

scholarly journals Investigation Into Effect Of Crude Mixture Of Abrus Precatorius Seed On Hypothalamopituitary Gonadal Axis And Development Of Antifertility In Male Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Talukder ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
S Sarker ◽  
MAH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Crude Mixture

To evaluate the antifertility effect of crude mixture of A. precatorius seeds at the dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight in adult male rats, after oral administration to male rats for 40 days, the rats were sacrificed and hormonal profiles, serum biochemistry, sperm count and histological changes were recorded. A sharp decrease in the serum levels of testosterone (0.70 ± 0.17 ng/ml), FSH (0.70 ± 0.22 lU/L), and LH (0.87 ± 0.35 IU/L) was detected compared to control (FSH, LH and testosterone levels 0.93 ± 0.15 ng/ml, 0.76 ± 0.28 IU/L, 1.44 ± .011 IU/L, respectively). A significant reduction of epididymal sperm count (2.34 million/mL) was noted in treated rats as compared to control group (7.87 million/mL). Histology of testes showed marked atrophy of the testes, which was characterized by disruption of the seminiferous epithelium and atrophy of the Leydig cells. Crude mixture of A. precatorius seed has a negative impact on male reproductive functions. It might be suggested that crude mixture of A. precatorius seeds might have antifertility property for male rats.   Keywords: Abrus precatorius; antifertility; male rat; testosterone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i1.9234 BJAR 2011; 36(1): 103-109

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