scholarly journals Structural-semantic Features and Translation Specifics of German Phraseological Units with a Colorative Component

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Larysa Shchyhlo ◽  
Alina Antipova

The proposed study deals with structural and semantic features, as well as translation specifics of German phraseological units with a colorative component. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that the presence of color notation in the composition of phraseological units with a colorative component make such units difficult to translate. At the same time, in Ukrainian translation studies there is a lack of systematic knowledge and comprehensive research on the peculiarities of the translation of German phraseological units with a colorative component. Phraseological units that use the names of colors are accompanied by evaluative connotations and correlated with a holistic picture of the world of a particular national culture. Therefore, it is not surprising that in recent years, phraseological units with a colorative component have often attracted the attention of researchers. Phraseological units accompany a person throughout his life. They give a description of the world, human activities, and the person himself. At the same time, each object of our reality is characterized by a certain color, even if it is barely noticeable and indistinct. A person perceives color not only as an objective characteristic, but also as a moral and aesthetic category. This category expresses attitude, assessment, norm. Having obtained deep symbolic semantics in the process of the development of the German language, the colors reflect the linguistic view of the world through the prism of which native speakers perceive reality. The structural and semantic difficulties of translating German phraseological units with a colorative component are due to the fact that in addition to the complex structure of such phraseological units and their figurative meaning, the difficulties of translating German phraseological units with a colorative component also include culturally specific information. Correct interpretation and translation of such phraseological units requires from the translator background knowledge, skill in mastering the techniques and means of translation.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Mykola Karpik

The article presents the application of sociolinguistic methods of language study. The proposed research aimed at analyzing the functions of the Austrian variant of the German language in public contexts and disclosing some peculiarities of its use. The issue was addressed by analyzing sociolinguistic and statistic data that we had acquired in 2009–2019. A work with informants was one of the stages of our research. Within the framework of the study of Austrian German we surveyed 102 Austrian respondents, native speakers of the language variant, who represent various social groups and reside in different regions of Austria. The analysis of the received responses showed that the majority of respondents comprehend the concept Austriacism not only in theory, but in practice as well for the bulk of Austriacisms, given as examples in the questionnaire, were known for the informants. The respondents gave predominantly affirmative answers to the question “Do you consider Austriacisms to be the recognized word stock of the standard language?” The use of Austriacisms is also majorly not considered obsolete, hens we can conclude, that Austrian German is a modern colloquial language. These results demonstrate the positive attitude to Austriacisms. Approximately half of the surveyed (49%) showed no awareness of Record 10 on the use of the specific Austrian terms in the German language and this result is seen quite expected. Only 7 % of the surveyed were able to name the number of expressions in this Record. Other responses allow us to address Austriacims as an intrinsic part of Austrian culture and history. A surprising response we received to the question “Would you like Austriacisms to be used by the residents of other German speaking countries?” given by 40 % of the respondents answering Yes. However, the following responses show that the Austrians consider Austriacisms a factor of identity formation, so they would object to the usage by the non-Austrians. Therefore, the hypothesis, formed at the beginning of our research, has found some evidence to support it. The results of experimental use of Austriacisms make it possible to draw the following conclusions: Austrian German is an essential however secondary means of communication in Austria; its use reflects Austrian social reality and national culture. Austrian German acts as an element of Austrian national identity, thus, a further research on its communicative role is an essential task for modern German Studies.


Author(s):  
Елена Юрьевна Белозёрова

Введение. Проведен анализ 475 современных фразеологических единиц, которые способствуют формированию фразеологической картины мира. Рассматривается взаимосвязь семантики и формы фразеологических единиц, обусловленной ситуацией общения. Фразеология языка как часть языковой картины мира входит в рамки исследования когнитивной лингвистики. Цель статьи – выявить и описать современные фразеологические единицы как пример иносказательного выражения в процессе коммуникации для достижения определенных когнитивных целей. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили современные художественные тексты (Under My Skin, The Door That Led To Where, End Game, Liccle Bit, The Art of Being Normal, 2015 г.). Примеры были получены при прочтении художественной прозы современных британских авторов (J. Dawson, S. Gardner, A. Gibbons, A. Wheatle, L. Williamson) методом сплошной выборки. Результаты и обсуждение. Проведенный анализ позволил рассмотреть когнитивный аспект фразеологических единиц. Установлено, что широкий подход к изучению фразеологии расширяет границы фразеологического учения и позволяет рассмотреть больше структурно-семантических форм фразеологических единиц. Рассмотрены и проанализированы следующие современные фразеологические единицы: фразеологизмы, дериваты фразеологизмов и авторские образования. Семантические особенности дериватов фразеологизмов и авторских образований анализируются в рамках современной фразеологии английского языка. Показано, что структурная сложность фразеологизма основывается на когнитивном аспекте его семантической структуры. Заключение. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить структурный диапазон фразеологизмов и рассмотреть их преобразовательные процессы согласно семантики и ситуативного употребления. Исследование показывает, что модификация фразеологических структур и введение в употребление новых оборотов идиоматического характера (дериватов фразеологизмов и авторских образований) обусловлены лингвокультурными потребностями в выражении социума. Все анализируемые современные фразеологические единицы английского языка рассматриваются как оперативные единицы мышления настоящего времени и являются средством отражения языковой картины в целом. Языковая картина мира представляется отражением внешнего и внутреннего мира человека, его мышлением и речью. Современная фразеология английского языка отражает изменения человеческого осмысления, понимания и интерпретации внешнего мира. Фразеологическая единица имеет сложную структуру и относится к особой лингвистической категории, что обусловливает повышение интереса когнитивного исследования. Таким образом, изучение фразеологии на настоящем этапе следует фокусировать на соотношении: фразеологическая единица – значение – употребление. Introduction. The given analysis is about 475 modern phraseological units that contribute to the formation of the phraseological picture of the world. The study examines the relationship of semantics and the form of phraseological units, due to the situation of communication. The phraseology of a language as part of the linguistic picture of the world is included in the framework of the study of cognitive linguistics. Aim. This study is aimed at identifying and describing modern phraseological units, as an example of allegorical expression in the communication process to achieve certain cognitive goals. Material and methods. The presented empirical material in the article is an actual selection from a modern literary text (Under My Skin, The Door That Led To Where, End Game, Liccle Bit, The Art of Being Normal – 2015 publication). Examples were obtained by reading fiction of modern British authors (J. Dawson, S. Gardner, A. Gibbons, A. Wheatle, L. Williamson), by the method of continuous sampling. Results and discussion. The analysis allowed us to consider the cognitive aspect of phraseological units. It is established that a broad approach to the study of phraseology expands the boundaries of phraseological doctrine and allows you to consider more structural and semantic forms of phraseological units. The following modern phraseological units are considered and analyzed in the article: phraseological units, phraseological units derivatives and author formations. The semantic features of derivatives of phraseological units and copyright formations are analyzed in the framework of modern phraseology of the English language. It is shown that the structural complexity of phraseology is based on the cognitive aspect of its semantic structure. Conclusion. The analysis made it possible to identify the structural range of phraseological units and consider their transformative processes according to semantics and situational use. The study shows that the modification of phraseological structures and the introduction of new idiomatic phrases (derivatives of phraseological units and author’s idiomatic expressions) are due to linguistic and cultural needs in the expression of society. All analyzed modern phraseological units of the English language are considered as operational units of thinking of the present time and are a means of reflecting the linguistic picture as a whole. The linguistic picture of the world is a reflection of the external and internal world of a person, his thinking and speech. The modern phraseology of the English language reflects changes in human comprehension, understanding and interpretation of the outside world. The phraseological unit has a complex structure and belongs to a special linguistic category, which leads to an increase in the interest of cognitive research. Thus, the study of phraseology at this stage should be focused on the phraseological unit, its meaning and its usage.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2381-2391
Author(s):  
Mariya P. Kalashnyk ◽  
Uriy I. Loshkov ◽  
Oleksandr V. Yakovlev ◽  
Anton O. Genkin ◽  
Hanna S. Savchenko

The article considers musically-acoustic thesaurus of collective and individual, a complex structure, which composition of multiple parts is effectuated by multiple channels of receiving information from the outside and ways of manipulation with it, that is turning of separate facts into systematic knowledge stored in memory. This structure consists of two groups with duplex connection. The first one is the knowledge of the world as a sonic phenomenon and of human auditory activity, as well as of the experience of absorbing the information received, principles of manipulation with it, overall – fulfills inherent inclination of individual towards usage of auditory images as a requirement for appearance of musical ones. All the sonorities are bracketed in two groups: extra-musical and musical itself. The latter group consists of musical units of acoustically-sonic environment, having utility, practical significance for a person, allowing orientation in given spacetime. At the same time, they are potentially opened to emotional experiences and aesthetic approach towards them. Acoustically-sonic environment possesses basic traits of organization, being reflected in mind by such characteristics as cyclicity, variability, combinationalism, montage structure, simultaneity, interdependency of “shape” and “background”. In a thesaurus of a collective and individual external environment is imprinted in two ways: as undifferentiated background noise and as separate units, creating relief. The memory contains them both, creating thus sonic image of the world. The knowledge, appearing thus, is stored in thesaurus in compressed type, acquiring its full and kinetic form in cases of contact with reality.


Author(s):  
T.T. ABDUKADYROVA ◽  
◽  
T.A. TSUTSASHVILI ◽  

The purpose of this article is a scientific understanding of the methodological and theoretical problems of the linguistic aspect in intercultural communication. The importance of this article is due to the fact that the focus is on the study of linguistic aspects that can affect communication between native speakers of different languages. The linguistic aspect is not limited to identifying semantic features of words in different languages. It also covers the comparison of various communicative situations, ways of dividing the world by language means, and the comparison of speech behavior of representatives of different cultures. The result of the research is the conclusion that the language aspect of intercultural communication should focus not on finding "equivalents", but on studying extralinguistic differences, taking into account that concepts in two different languages may differ. The "meaning" of a word is the thread that connects the language world with the world of reality for the speaker.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-238
Author(s):  
T. G. Putilina

Life / death contrasting is fundamental to the reconstruction of national paintings of the world. In each culture, the experiences associated with opposition life / death are expressed in specific traditions and rites and, accordingly, are enshrined in the language in a certain way. The author’s language picture of the world is based on the common language picture of the world, which is formed as a result of the generalization of knowledge received by native speakers. In literary works, it is often the opposition to life / death that contains semantic features that reflect the author’s linguistic picture of the world. Of particular interest to the study are the memories of famous writers, in which they presenttheir impressions of iconic historical events and creative personalities. It is in such texts that the author’s features of the language are clearly manifested, characteristic language means for expressing a certain attitude towards people and their position in the current situation. The material of our study is the collection “Damned Days” by writer Ivan Bunin. The scientific novelty of the work is that the work of I. Bunin is considered in a new aspect, from the point of view of analyzing the meanings of words and expressions used in the text to contrast two worlds, the world of old Russia and the world of Bolshevik Russia, and the language means used by the writer. The work concludes that I. Bunin uses techniques to negatively characterize people, with the help of which the semantics of characters from the “world of death” are actualized. By using zoomorphisms, describing a person with the inclusion of inanimate objects, listing diseases, comparing with the corpse and words with a negative connotative color, the author shows that the described characters do not belong to real living people. Thus, the author verbally “displaces” people hated by him from the world of the living and paints a special, inverted “antiworld” – “world of the dead.” This world is also defined by the author of the work as “horror,” “terrible” with the use of corresponding lexes. In the author’s picture of the world, Bolshevik Russia is a “dead” world, opposed to the “living” world of old Russia. The author uses language tools such as metaphors, comparisons, occasionalisms. Vocabulary has a negative connotation, sometimes bright to such an extent that it is invective. The world of old Russia is opposed to this world. Its representatives are called the opposite in meaning: these are beautiful, healthy, believing people.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Mariya P. Kalashnyk ◽  
Uriy I. Loshkov ◽  
Oleksandr V. Yakovlev ◽  
Anton O. Genkin ◽  
Hanna S. Savchenko

Musically-acoustic thesaurus is a complex structure which composition of multiple parts is effectuated by multiple channels of receiving information from the outside and ways of manipulation with it. The manipulation is turning of separate facts into systematic knowledge stored in memory. Musically-acoustic thesaurus of collective and individual consists of two groups with duplex connection which are the knowledge of the world as a sonic phenomenon and of human auditory activity and the experience of absorbing the information received, principles of manipulation with it. They fulfill inherent inclination of individual towards usage of auditory images as a requirement for appearance of musical ones. All the sonorities are bracketed in two groups: extra-musical and musical itself. The latter group consists of musical units of acoustically-sonic environment, having utility, practical significance for a person, allowing orientation in given spacetime. At the same time, they are potentially opened to emotional experiences and aesthetic approach towards them. Acoustically-sonic environment possesses basic traits of organization, being reflected in mind by such characteristics as cyclicity, variability, combinationalism, montage structure, simultaneity, interdependency of shape and background.


Author(s):  
N.V. Kozhanova

The article considers the peculiarities of the modern German vacancy advertisement in the context of opposition of monocode and polycode texts. The author pays special attention to the fact of belonging of such texts to two semiotic systems (the German and the English language) that may be viewed as the basic verbal constituents of the vacancy advertisement joined in a whole by the common objective typical of this type of texts. The author analyzes English inclusions in German vacancy advertisement texts that reflect ethnical specific information referring to English picture of the world. The article points out the issue of correlation between English and German language pictures of the world remains debatable The results of the analysis allows to make the conclusion that the increasing number of such vacancy advertisements is an evidence of significant changes characteristic of all levels of communicative practice.


Author(s):  
Oksana Soshko

The article focuses on the peculiarities of the semantics of phraseologisms with a thermal component denoting emotional characteristics of a person on the material of the Ukrainian, German and English languages. The work is carried out in line with the anthropocentric paradigm, in the framework of which attention is directed to a person as a subject of research, especially to his way of perceiving and conceptualizing the world. Common, similar, and national features that are different in terms of phraseological imagery should be determined by comparing relatively small segments in the phraseology of Ukrainian, German, and English through a multidimensional analysis of their structural and semantic features. The article discusses the components of phraseological units with any thermal indicator – both for cold and high temperature. In the field of phraseology the cultural identity is manifested mainly in the figurative basis (inner form) of phraseological units, despite the fact that the types of rethinking of the studied phraseologisms are reduced primarily to metaphor, metonymy and figurative simile. Unique phraseological units as a reflection of the originality of national culture, mentality and language can be present in all groups of studied units, thus, some components with temperature characteristics are part of phraseological units of all studied languages, while others are less common or identified on the basis of a separate language.


Author(s):  
Б.В. Кунавин ◽  
И.А. Лазарова

Актуальность рассматриваемой проблемы в общелингвистическом аспекте связана с региональным варьированием русского языка, а в частноязыковедческом плане с недостаточной его изученностью на территории РСО-А. Такое изучение дает возможность познакомиться с особенностями его функционирования в поликультурном пространстве, взаимодействием с различными сферами осетинской языковой картины мира, а также выявить региональные культурные маркеры. Цель исследования состоит в изучении в коммуникативном пространстве РСО-А лексико-семантических особенностей регионального варианта русского языка, обусловленных лексическими заимствованиями из осетинского языка, отражающими воздействие осетинской культуры на русскую региональную культуру. Для достижения поставленной цели использовались следующие методы: описательный (сбор материала, обработка, интерпретация и обобщение), включающий приемы сопоставления, типологизации анализируемого материала; социолингвистический (методика наблюдения, включающая анкетирование, интервьюирование, эксперимент); лингвокультурологический, предусматривающий исследование языковых явлений в тесной связи с культурой носителей языка. Научная новизна работы заключается в том, что в ней исследованы актуальные, социально и культурно значимые для современного местного русскоязычного социума осетинские регионализмы, выявлены сферы языковой картины мира носителей русского языка, наиболее подверженные влиянию со стороны осетинского языка. Установлено, что функционирование осетинских локализмов носителями русского языка обусловлено психологическим, социальным, культурным взаимодействием с носителями осетинского языка. Динамика функционирования регионализмов зависит не только от их собственного языкового «веса», но и культурной значимости. Доказано, что использование русскоязычными говорящими осетинских регионализмов не ощущается ими в качестве непрестижного, а рассматривается как средство их идентификации в культурном пространстве своего региона, что обусловлено как историческими, так и социокультурными причинами. В результате исследования авторы пришли к выводу о связи регионального варианта русского языка на территории РСО-А с процессом заимствования, который демонстрирует различную степень освоения и тем самым устойчивого и ситуативного употребления заимствованного из осетинского языка слова в русском высказывании. Лексико-семантическая специфика регионального варианта русского языка на территории РСО-А заключается в том, что он включает в свой состав определенное количество осетинских регионализмов, заполняющих существующие лакуны в основном в сфере бытового общения. Употребление осетинских регионализмов носителями русского языка всегда мотивировано: регионализм выступает в качестве единицы особого номинативного, семантического, экспрессивного содержания, функционирующей в ситуации непринужденного общения, когда социальный контроль за речью проявляется в меньшей степени. Именно эти качества обеспечивают устойчивость региональных явлений в русском языке. Регионализмы неоднородны в лексико-грамматическом и семантико-тематическом аспектах. The relevance of the problem under consideration in the general linguistic aspect is associated with regional variation of the Russian language, and in the special linguistic plan with insufficient knowledge of it in the territory of North Ossetia-Alania. Such study makes it possible to get acquainted with the features of its functioning in a multicultural space, interaction with various areas of the Ossetian language picture of the world, as well as identify regional cultural markers. The purpose of the study is to study in the communicative space of North Ossetia-Alania the lexical and semantic features of the regional version of the Russian language, due to lexical borrowings from the Ossetian language, reflecting the impact of Ossetian culture on Russian regional culture. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: descriptive (collection of material, processing, interpretation and generalization), including methods of comparison, typology of the analyzed material; sociolinguistic (observation technique, including questioning, interviewing, experiment); linguoculturological, involving the study of linguistic phenomena in close connection with the culture of native speakers. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it investigated the Ossetian regionalisms that are relevant, socially and culturally significant for the modern local Russian-speaking society, identified areas of the linguistic picture of the world of native speakers of the Russian language that are most affected by the Ossetian language. It is established that the functioning of Ossetian localisms by native speakers of the Russian language is due to psychological, social, cultural interaction with native speakers of the Ossetian language. The dynamics of the functioning of regionalisms depends not only on their own linguistic "weight", but also on cultural significance. It is proved that the use of Ossetian regionalisms by Russian-speaking speakers is not perceived by them as non-prestigious, but is considered as a means of identifying them in the cultural space of their region, which is due to both historical and sociocultural reasons. As a result of the work done, the following results were obtained. The regional version of the Russian language in the territory of the North Ossetia-Alania is associated with the borrowing process, which demonstrates a different degree of development and thereby the sustainable and situational use of the word borrowed from the Ossetian language in the Russian utterance. The lexical and semantic specificity of the regional version of the Russian language on the territory of North Ossetia-Alania lies in the fact that it includes a certain number of Ossetian regionalisms that fill the existing gaps mainly in the field of everyday communication. The use of Ossetian regionalisms by native speakers of the Russian language is always motivated: regionalism acts as a unit of special nominative, semantic, expressive content, functioning in a situation of informal communication, when social control over speech is manifested to a lesser extent. It is these qualities that ensure the sustainability of regional phenomena in the Russian language. Regionalisms are heterogeneous in the lexical-grammatical and semantic-thematic aspects.


Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Kravets ◽  

The paper deals with connotations of the lexeme der Gott in German proverbs. As proverbs have an evaluative character, they are a rich field for searching connotative meanings. Evaluative judgments in such set expressions as proverbs reflect cultural traditions and basic values of the German nation. In German proverbs a component der Gott has a stable position as a subject and interacts with various predicates. The groups of proverbs with combinations of the subject der Gott with predicates containing evaluation, that is, the views about what things are good or evil. The results of the current study enable to conclude that the proverbs can express both positive and negative connotations of motivated and unmotivated events. Among them positive ones prevail. Various connotations of the lexeme der Gott in German proverbs prove that the concept of «God» objectified in the German language with the token der Gott is considerably significant in the German culture. Thus, a paremic picture of the world enables to determine the place of the concept «God» in the linguistic world picture of German native speakers.


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