scholarly journals COGNITIVE ASPECT OF ANALYSIS OF MODERN ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Елена Юрьевна Белозёрова
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The World ◽  
Derivatives Of

Введение. Проведен анализ 475 современных фразеологических единиц, которые способствуют формированию фразеологической картины мира. Рассматривается взаимосвязь семантики и формы фразеологических единиц, обусловленной ситуацией общения. Фразеология языка как часть языковой картины мира входит в рамки исследования когнитивной лингвистики. Цель статьи – выявить и описать современные фразеологические единицы как пример иносказательного выражения в процессе коммуникации для достижения определенных когнитивных целей. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили современные художественные тексты (Under My Skin, The Door That Led To Where, End Game, Liccle Bit, The Art of Being Normal, 2015 г.). Примеры были получены при прочтении художественной прозы современных британских авторов (J. Dawson, S. Gardner, A. Gibbons, A. Wheatle, L. Williamson) методом сплошной выборки. Результаты и обсуждение. Проведенный анализ позволил рассмотреть когнитивный аспект фразеологических единиц. Установлено, что широкий подход к изучению фразеологии расширяет границы фразеологического учения и позволяет рассмотреть больше структурно-семантических форм фразеологических единиц. Рассмотрены и проанализированы следующие современные фразеологические единицы: фразеологизмы, дериваты фразеологизмов и авторские образования. Семантические особенности дериватов фразеологизмов и авторских образований анализируются в рамках современной фразеологии английского языка. Показано, что структурная сложность фразеологизма основывается на когнитивном аспекте его семантической структуры. Заключение. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить структурный диапазон фразеологизмов и рассмотреть их преобразовательные процессы согласно семантики и ситуативного употребления. Исследование показывает, что модификация фразеологических структур и введение в употребление новых оборотов идиоматического характера (дериватов фразеологизмов и авторских образований) обусловлены лингвокультурными потребностями в выражении социума. Все анализируемые современные фразеологические единицы английского языка рассматриваются как оперативные единицы мышления настоящего времени и являются средством отражения языковой картины в целом. Языковая картина мира представляется отражением внешнего и внутреннего мира человека, его мышлением и речью. Современная фразеология английского языка отражает изменения человеческого осмысления, понимания и интерпретации внешнего мира. Фразеологическая единица имеет сложную структуру и относится к особой лингвистической категории, что обусловливает повышение интереса когнитивного исследования. Таким образом, изучение фразеологии на настоящем этапе следует фокусировать на соотношении: фразеологическая единица – значение – употребление. Introduction. The given analysis is about 475 modern phraseological units that contribute to the formation of the phraseological picture of the world. The study examines the relationship of semantics and the form of phraseological units, due to the situation of communication. The phraseology of a language as part of the linguistic picture of the world is included in the framework of the study of cognitive linguistics. Aim. This study is aimed at identifying and describing modern phraseological units, as an example of allegorical expression in the communication process to achieve certain cognitive goals. Material and methods. The presented empirical material in the article is an actual selection from a modern literary text (Under My Skin, The Door That Led To Where, End Game, Liccle Bit, The Art of Being Normal – 2015 publication). Examples were obtained by reading fiction of modern British authors (J. Dawson, S. Gardner, A. Gibbons, A. Wheatle, L. Williamson), by the method of continuous sampling. Results and discussion. The analysis allowed us to consider the cognitive aspect of phraseological units. It is established that a broad approach to the study of phraseology expands the boundaries of phraseological doctrine and allows you to consider more structural and semantic forms of phraseological units. The following modern phraseological units are considered and analyzed in the article: phraseological units, phraseological units derivatives and author formations. The semantic features of derivatives of phraseological units and copyright formations are analyzed in the framework of modern phraseology of the English language. It is shown that the structural complexity of phraseology is based on the cognitive aspect of its semantic structure. Conclusion. The analysis made it possible to identify the structural range of phraseological units and consider their transformative processes according to semantics and situational use. The study shows that the modification of phraseological structures and the introduction of new idiomatic phrases (derivatives of phraseological units and author’s idiomatic expressions) are due to linguistic and cultural needs in the expression of society. All analyzed modern phraseological units of the English language are considered as operational units of thinking of the present time and are a means of reflecting the linguistic picture as a whole. The linguistic picture of the world is a reflection of the external and internal world of a person, his thinking and speech. The modern phraseology of the English language reflects changes in human comprehension, understanding and interpretation of the outside world. The phraseological unit has a complex structure and belongs to a special linguistic category, which leads to an increase in the interest of cognitive research. Thus, the study of phraseology at this stage should be focused on the phraseological unit, its meaning and its usage.

scholarly journals NOMINATIVE FIELD OF THE CONCEPT MARRIAGE AND ANALYSIS OF THE SYNONYMOUS RANGE OF ITS KEY UNIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Nadiya Ivanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

The research focuses on the study of the actualization of the concept MARRIAGE in the context of the linguocognitive and linguocultural paradigm. The article analyzes the means of modeling the concept MARRIAGE in the British language picture of the world, its content, structure and cognitive interpretation. The concept-cognitive MARRIAGE is considered in the direction of anthropocentrism with consideration of modern achievements of cognitive linguistics, and also the place of this concept in construction of the British national picture of the world is defined. In the English language tradition, this social phenomenon is expressed through the lexical-semantic field of the concept MARRIAGE. The composition of other basic concepts of linguistic consciousness largely depends on the concept MARRIAGE. The article presents the results of etymological analysis. It plays a big role in determining the typology of culture and the need for this analysis helps to establish the source of origin of the conceptualizer. The analysis of dictionary definitions made it possible to investigate all the meanings of lexical units of the outlined nominative field. This allowed us to understand the nature and types of semantic structure of words that belong to different semantic groups and semasiological subclasses, as well as to look at the epidemiological relations of the key. In order to describe the complex structure of the organization of a multi-valued keyword, the notion of lexical-semantic variant is used. Basic characteristics of the concept MARRIAGE are possible to be found in the dictionary definitions and the complex structure of the concept is defined as a field structure, that is: denotative central content with semantic nucleus, peripherality and connotative surrounding.

TO THE PROBLEM OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS REFLECTION IN DICTIONARIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Е.М. Григорьева
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Graphic Illustration ◽  
Characteristic Features

Постановка задачи. Статья посвящена детальному анализу фразеологизмов английского языка различных тематических групп и особенностям их регистрации в англо-английских и англо-русском словарях и справочных пособиях. Рассматривается ряд характеристик, которые отличают фразеологические единицы от свободных словосочетаний. Кроме того, исследуется вопрос включения пословиц в состав фразеологического фонда того или иного языка. Впоследствии отобранные методом сплошной выборки фразеологические единицы классифицируются по различным основаниям, а также проводится детальный анализ особенностей их отражения в представленных изданиях. Результаты. Осуществляется классификация фразеологизмов по следующим категориям: функция в коммуникации, определяемая их структурно-семантическими особенностями, а также тематическое деление. Отдельно рассматриваются фразеологизмы-эвфемизмы, относящиеся к нескольким тематическим группам, среди которых смерть, ругательства и беременность. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности организации микроструктуры (словарной статьи) каждого отдельно взятого издания. Выводы. На основании проведенного анализа регистрации английских фразеологизмов сделаны выводы о том, что данная лексика получает подробное и точное отражение в справочниках. Проведенный анализ теоретической литературы показал правомерность включения пословиц во фразеологический фонд, поскольку они принадлежат к культурному наследию того или иного народа и воспроизводятся в речи в исходной форме. Тип и адресат справочника определяют особенности организации словарной статьи, а также компоненты, которые входят в нее (дефиниция, переводной эквивалент, иллюстративный пример, грамматическая, стилистическая, региональная и этимологическая пометы, графическая иллюстрация). Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the phraseological units of the English language of various thematic groups and the features of their registration in the English-English and English-Russian dictionaries and reference books. Features that distinguish phraseological units from free phrases are studied. More than that, the question of belonging proverbs to phraseological stock is studied. Then phraseological units selected by the continuous sampling method are classified according to different grounds, and a detailed analysis of the features of their reflection in the analyzed sources is carried out. Results. Phraseological units are classified into some categories according to the following criteria: function in communication, determined by their structural and semantic features and thematic division. Phraseological units-euphemisms related to several thematic groups, including death, curse words and pregnancy are studied. The characteristic features of microstructure organization of each individual source are described. Conclusion. The analysis of English phraseological units registration showed that this lexis is reflected in dictionaries in a proper way. Theoretical literature analysis shows justification of proverbs inclusion into phraseological stock as they are a part of national cultural heritage and are reproduced in speech in the basic form. Further, the author comes to a conclusion that dictionary type and addressee of the reference book determine features of microstructure organization and their components (definition, translation equivalent, illustrative example, grammar, stylistic, regional and etymological labels, graphic illustration).

scholarly journals Conceptualization of Shame and Remorse in the Even Linguistic World View

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
R. P. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
World View ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article introduces a comprehensive analysis of the key concepts in the Even linguistic world view, i.e. shame and remorse. These concepts are represented by the following lexical units in the Even dialects: haldyun has analogies in all languages of the Tungus-Manchu group; nyumar, nyumarin and khadarin are recorded in the Eastern dialect of the Even language; kherkehyi is common in the Lamunkhin dialect. The semantic structure of these lexemes is complex and includes similar concepts of shyness, embarrassment, modesty, and humbleness. The work used the descriptive method, the continuous sampling method, and the conceptual analysis, as well as the methods of definition (highlighting semantic features), etymological analysis, collecting and processing of field data. In the national consciousness of the Even, shame and remorse are concepts that reflect the assessment of one’s behavior in society and attitude to the world. In addition, they also demonstrate strong emotional content.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH OF THE STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD “POLITICAL ACTIVITY” WITHIN SOCIO-POLITICAL LEXIS OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
O. V. Minenko ◽  
Y. S. Snisarenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
National Language ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

The article deals with the semantics of lexical units of unrelated languages. Problems of studying the lexical level of related and unrelated languages are of particular interest, since the specificity of the national language systems is the most clearly reflected in the lexis. The study of common and different structural semantic features makes it possible to disclose the peculiarity of the native language and culture on the background of language contacts. The studied language systems belong to different types, and the comparison of languages of different types without regard to their genetic links is the greatest value for any research, since it contributes significantly to the correct understanding of the significance of the analyzed speech phenomena. The subject of the analysis is lexemes of socio-political meaning in the Ukrainian and English languages. The study of socio-political lexis is of considerable interest to linguistics, because it reflects one of the most important spheres of life of modern society – political. The study of such an active lexical category as socio-political lexis, contributes to the understanding of language phenomena, due to the evolution of the semantics of lexical units. Socio-political lexis is characterized by blurring of its boundaries, semantic dispersion and sphere of usage. In order to systematize the linguistic material, the lexical-semantic field of the studied lexical units was identified – “Political activity”, within which an anаlysis of the dynamic prosesses in the socio-political lexis was carried out in their correlation with the factors of a social nature. The peculiarity of the lexical-semantic field is that it is allocated on the basis of the logical division of the broad concept, but at the same time it is the actual linguistic division of the man’s representations of objective reality. The field approach to the organization of the vocabulary is one of the main principles of systematization of linguistic phenomena, through which the relationship, interdependence and hierarchy of linguistic units are revealed. This makes it possible to study not separate lexemes, but systems of lexical units and the reflection of their semantic links. Lexical-semantic fields are highly organized and intergrated conceptual spheres, elements of which are mutually delimiting one another, and their importance derives from the system as a whole. Each field analyzes the scope of experience, concrete or abstract; divided and classified in a unique way, reflecting a scale of values of society and a special vision of the world. As a result of the study of structural-semantic features of the lexical-semantic field “Political activity”, it became known that in English it is represented by larger number of lexical units. This advantage can be explained by the greater stability of the British political system in comparison with the Ukrainian. The presence in the lexical vocabulary of the English language of a greater number of borrowed lexical units with political meaning can be explained by the fact that Great Britain has more economic and political contacts with other countries of the world than Ukraine.

scholarly journals GLUTONYMS IN THE CONCEPTOSPHERE «ALIMENTACIÓN»

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Mishukova O.M.
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
French And English ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
National Cuisine

Purpose. The purpose of the article is the study of lexical units with a gastronomic component – glutonyms which belong to the conceptosphere “Alimentación” within the Spanish-speaking gastronomic picture of the world.Methodology. The methods used during the study include the method of continuous sampling and the method of component analysis. They have been used to study the actual material, which is 2161 glutonyms, among which are the names of dishes and holidays with gastronomic component, extracted from Spanish lexicographical sources and periodicals.Results. The study allows us to talk about glutonyms as one of the most important fragments of the linguistic picture of the world. The presented glutonyms belong to the conceptosphere “Alimentación” that is divided into microconcepts, united on the basis of common semantic features. Therefore, it has been divided into 12 microconcepts. During the analysis and structuring it has been found that the largest number of glutonyms belongs to the microconcepts “products” – 717 glutonyms; “the process of preparation and consumption of food and drinks” – 635 glutonyms; category “dishes”, which also includes “sauces and snacks” – 288 glutonyms; category of items related to the process of preparation and consumption of food and drinks – 125 glutonyms; other microconcepts are less productive. Also, the statement that the conceptosphere “Alimentación” is open for exchange of vocabulary with other languages has been confirmed: among the analyzed glutonyms there are borrowings from other languages, in particular, from Italian, French and English, which represent the names of products, drinks, cooking methods, names of utensils, professions and special institutions. Of particular interest, there are lexical units that belong to glutonyms only when they fall into a certain context, they can have different meanings that should be taken into account during translation.Conclusions. The results of the study once again emphasized that glutonyms, which belong to the lexical units of the household sphere, therefore belong to the most mobile part of the lexical structure of the language, so all changes are reflected in them more clearly and faster. The national cuisine is not a closed system, it is constantly evolving, reflecting the features and characteristics of the views inherent in this culture, as well as the transformations that take place in it. In turn, this is reflected in the language.Key words: gastronomic discourse, glutonym, conceptosphere, concept, microconcept, linguoculture. Мета. Метою статті є дослідження глютонімів – лексичних одиниць із гастрономічним компонентом, що належать до концептосфери «Alimentación» з урахуванням особливостей іспанськомовної гастрономічної картини світу.Методи, застосовані під час виконання дослідження, включають метод суцільної вибірки та метод компонентного аналізу, які було направлено на вивчення фактичного матеріалу, що становить 2161 глютонім, серед яких також є назви страв та свят з гастрономічним компонентом, вилучені із іспанських лексикографічних джерел та періодичних видань.Результати. Проведене дослідження дозволяє говорити про глютоніми як про один із найбільш значущих фрагментів мовної картини світу. Представлені глютоніми належать до концептосфери «Alimentación» яка у свою чергу поділяється на мікроконцепти, об’єднані на основі спільних семантичних ознак. Так, дослідження розглядає 12 мікроконцептів. Під час ана-лізу та структурування виявилося, що найбільша кількість глютонімів належить до мікроконцептів «продукти харчування» – 717 глютонімів; «процес підготовки, приготування та споживання їжі та напоїв» – 635 глютонімів; категорія «страв», до якої також входять «соуси та закуски» – 288 глютонімів; категорія предметів, пов’язаних обслуговувати процес підготовки, при-готування та споживання їжі та напоїв – 125 глютонімів; а усі інші виявилися менш продуктивними. Тако підтвердилося твер-дження про те, що концептосфера «Alimentación» є відкритою для обміну лексикою з іншими мовами: серед проаналізованих глютонімів зустрічаються запозичення з інших мов, зокрема, з італійської, французької та англійської мови, що представляють назви продуктів, напоїв, методів приготування, назви посуду, професій та спеціальних закладів. Окремий інтерес викликають лексичні одиниці, що належать до глютонімів тільки потрапляючи у певний контекст – вони можуть мати різне значення, що слід враховувати під час перекладу.Висновки. Результатидослідження ще раз наголосили на тому, що глютоніми, які відносяться до лексичних одиниць побутової сфери, належать до самої рухомої частини лексичного складу мови, таким чином всі зміни відображаються у них виразніше й швидше. Національна кухня не є закритою системою, вона постійно еволюціонує, відображаючи особливості й характерні риси у поглядах, притаманні даній культурі, а також трансформації, які у ній відбуваються. У свою чергу, це зна-ходить своє відображення у мові.Ключові слова: гастрономічний дискурс, глютонім, концептосфера, концепт, мікроконцепт, лінгвокультура.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC WORD FORMATION OF DIALECT VERBS:

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Chupryakova ◽  
Svetlana S. Safonova ◽  
Gulnat T. Abikenova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Production ◽  
National Language ◽  
Constructive Thinking ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World

The article is dedicated to the research of semantic word formation of verbs in the language space of Russian subdialects. From the point of cognitive linguistics, the semantic verb derivatives are observed in the system of subdialects. The analysis of several word-formative models is given and structural-semantic and paradigmatic relations between derivatives and inflections in the sphere of different dialect verb groups are described in this research. It is proven that, in the reviewed semantically derived dialect verbs, the subjective-evaluative connotation, usually of the negative nature, is present – from the cognitive aspect it is represented as one of the main features of derivative verb units. It is noted that such factors as the abilities to think and feel prompt the dialect carrier to create new words: dialect carrier’s ability to create new words signals about their language sense and constructive thinking. Semantic derivation enriches the dialect language not only with new lexemes, but also with new word-formative relations. Realization of such powerful potential of Russian dialects shows the independence of derivative processes in the dialectic word production. It is proven that the research of dialect vocabulary provides a great opportunity to generalize word-formative processes, including semantic verb derivation and a Russian national language on different evolution stages. Moreover, derivative processes are equally important for construction and understanding of language picture of the world as lexical-phraseological or stylistic phenomena.

scholarly journals Poetical Text as the Specific Way of the Reflection of Reality

2018 ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Moskvichova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
World Model ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
British Poetry ◽  
The World ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Cognitive Paradigms

The article is dedicated to the embodiment of reality in the poetic model of the world of the British poetry by means of the linguistic and poetic analysis of tropes as the way to actualize cognitive processes in the formation of the world model. By means of linguistic, poetic and cognitive analysis the cognitive aspect of the poetry of the British romantic, modern and post-modern periods is investigated. From the position of cognitive linguistics and cognitive poetics poetry is analyzed as the embodiment in the poetical works the result of cognition of a poet and his interpretation of reality on the background of his physical, social and cultural experience. Reconstruction of the poetical model of the world on the base of British poetical texts is accentuated on the notion of poetry and poetic texts, on the reflection of reality in poetry, on esthetic aspect of poetry and on linguistic and communicative peculiarities of poetry. The article is actual as the generalization of linguistic, poetic and cognitive paradigms aimed to the construction of the model of the world of different cultural and historic periods. The aim and the results of investigation are determined by the specification of the poetical viewpoint embodied in the British poetry of romantic, modern and post-modern periods.

scholarly journals ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF LATIN AND FRENCH ORIGIN: COMPONENT “WILDLIFE”

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Dmytro Bihunov ◽  
Svitozara Bihunova ◽  
Kateryna Tretiakova
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Borrowings enrich the English language during the whole history of its development and the extent of borrowings in the lexico-graphic stock of the language is rather big. In its turn, the English phraseological stock is characterised by the great number of Romance elements due to the certain historical conditions of the development of Great Britain. But despite the fact that phraseological units are highly informative units which keep the knowledge and experience of different nations, the problem of the borrowed phraseological units remains an unstudied sphere within the cognitive linguistics. As the problem of the phraseological borrowing has not been examined properly in the linguistic literature, the article deals with English phraseological units of Latin and French origin with component “wildlife”. The authors have singled out English phraseological units with wildlife components. Then the etymological investigation of the borrowed phraseological units has been conducted. Also an attempt has been made to analyze the inner form of the wildlife component in English phraseological units of Latin and French origin. It has been noticed that they contain the human knowledge of the world and the role of people in it. Besides, the similarity of the images and associations, connected with the investigated wildlife component, is caused by rather identical cognition of the world around – the world of nature.

scholarly journals Structural-semantic Features and Translation Specifics of German Phraseological Units with a Colorative Component

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Larysa Shchyhlo ◽  
Alina Antipova
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
German Language ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Attitude Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
Systematic Knowledge

The proposed study deals with structural and semantic features, as well as translation specifics of German phraseological units with a colorative component. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that the presence of color notation in the composition of phraseological units with a colorative component make such units difficult to translate. At the same time, in Ukrainian translation studies there is a lack of systematic knowledge and comprehensive research on the peculiarities of the translation of German phraseological units with a colorative component. Phraseological units that use the names of colors are accompanied by evaluative connotations and correlated with a holistic picture of the world of a particular national culture. Therefore, it is not surprising that in recent years, phraseological units with a colorative component have often attracted the attention of researchers. Phraseological units accompany a person throughout his life. They give a description of the world, human activities, and the person himself. At the same time, each object of our reality is characterized by a certain color, even if it is barely noticeable and indistinct. A person perceives color not only as an objective characteristic, but also as a moral and aesthetic category. This category expresses attitude, assessment, norm. Having obtained deep symbolic semantics in the process of the development of the German language, the colors reflect the linguistic view of the world through the prism of which native speakers perceive reality. The structural and semantic difficulties of translating German phraseological units with a colorative component are due to the fact that in addition to the complex structure of such phraseological units and their figurative meaning, the difficulties of translating German phraseological units with a colorative component also include culturally specific information. Correct interpretation and translation of such phraseological units requires from the translator background knowledge, skill in mastering the techniques and means of translation.

scholarly journals СПОСОБИ ТВОРЕННЯ ТЕРМІНІВ ГАЛУЗЕЙ ФІЗІОТЕРАПІЇ ТА ЕРГОТЕРАПІЇ

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Chumakova K.O.
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject

The article deals with the methods of term formation in the fields of physical therapy and ergotherapy which are currently gaining popularity in Ukraine. The research covers the structural and semantic features of the mentioned terminological units.The objective of the research is to study the structural features of these terms in the English language. The mentioned objective, in turn, requires the fulfillment of the following tasks:– to analyze the morphological characteristics which are typical for the researched terminological units;– to identify the main ways of their formation;– to identify the structural models used for the formation of the researched multicomponent terms.The methods applied in this research included both linguistic ones, such as: the continuous sampling method, the method of morphemic analysis and word-building analysis, structural and etymological analysis, and general scientific ones, namely: quantification method, systematization and classification, generalization.The results of the research are defined as: a) the creation of physio- and ergotherapeutic terms glossary; b) the overview of the term formation methods; c) the identification of the most common patterns used to form multicomponent terminological units in the studied fields.Conclusions. Over the past decades, terminological units have become the subject of numerous linguistic studies worldwide. Despite the fact that terminological units belong to the lexical system of the language and, therefore, the methods of their formation are the same as those used for common lexemes formation, the ratio of certain nomination processes can differ. The research demonstrated that the ratio of monolexeme terminological units and polylexeme physio- and ergotherapeutic terms is 20% to 75% respectively. The majority of monolexeme terms are formed by means of affixation. The majority of multicomponent terminological units consist of two elements, and the most frequent pattern is N + N. Abbreviated terms (5% of the total number of the researched terminological units) are used parallelly with their full forms. Статтю присвячено дослідженню способів творення терміноодиниць галузей фізичної терапії та ерготерапії, що наразі набувають популярності в Україні. Дослідження фокусується на структурних і семантичних характеристиках зазначених терміноодиниць.Метою наукової розвідки є дослідження структурних особливостей зазначених термінів в англійській мові. Для її досяг-нення у дослідженні необхідно виконати такі завдання:– проаналізувати морфологічні характеристики, які є типовими для досліджуваних терміноодиниць;– визначити основні способи їх творення;– визначити структурні моделі, що використовуються для творення мультикомпонентних термінологічних одиниць досліджуваної галузі в англійській мові.Методи, використані в дослідженні, включали як суто лінгвістичні (наприклад, метод суцільного вибору, метод морфем-ного та словотворчого аналізу, методи структурно-семантичного й етимологічного аналізу), так і загальнонаукові (наприклад, метод кількісних підрахунків, систематизацію та класифікацію, узагальнення).Результатами цього дослідження є: а) складання глосарію фізіо- та ерготерапевтичних термінів; б) огляд основних мето-дів їх творення в англійській мові; в) визначення найчастіше використовуваних моделей.Висновки. Упродовж останніх десятиліть терміносистеми привертають дедалі більшу увагу лінгвістів. Незважаючи на той факт, що терміноодиниці належать до лексичної системи мови (а отже, для них характерні ті ж способи творення, що застосовуються для творення загальновживаних лексем), співвідношення різних процесів номінації може відрізнятися. Серед досліджених термінів галузі фізіотерапії та ерготерапії в англійській мові 20% представлені монолексемними терміноодини-цями, тоді як 75% є мультикомпонентними термінами. Більшість термінів-слів утворено за допомогою афіксації. Більшість полілексемних одиниць складається з двох елементів, а найбільш уживаною структурою таких термінів є N + N. Абревіатури (5% загальної кількості досліджених терміноодиниць) вживаються паралельно з повними їхніми формами.

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