scholarly journals Strawberry Cultivar Evaluation Using Mathematical Indices

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1164
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh ◽  
Mamdouh A. Fanous ◽  
Michel J. Lareau ◽  
Deborah Buszard
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Single Index ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar

Three mathematical indices were developed to estimate: a) potential for early dollar return or early ripening (IE), b) concentrated cropping (IC), and deviation or similarity of a genotype to known cultivars (ID). Early ripening genotypes with high yield early in the season will have larger IE values than late genotypes with lower yield early in the season. Genotypes with few harvests will have larger IC values than those requiring several harvests. The ID index helps to identify and group genotypes with similar characteristics. These indices condense large numbers of values or arrays of traits into single index values, thereby simplifying genotype comparisons.

scholarly journals Mathematical Indices for Comparing Small Fruit Crops for Harvest Time and Trait Similarity

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh ◽  
Mamdouh A. Fanous
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Single Index ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Trait Similarity ◽  
Early Ripening

Three mathematical indices were developed to estimate: 1) potential for early dollar return or early ripening (IE), 2) concentrated cropping (IC), and 3) deviation or similarity of a genotype to known cultivars (ID). Early ripening genotypes with high yield early in the season will have larger IE values than late genotypes with lower yield early in the season. Genotypes with few harvests will have larger IC values than those requiring several harvests. The ID index helps to identify and group genotypes with similar characteristics. These indices condense numerous values or arrays of traits into single index values, thereby simplifying genotype comparisons.

Influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R.O. Myalkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
The Right

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.

scholarly journals Fractionation of lignosulphonates released during the early stages of delignification

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman G. Lewis ◽  
David A. I. Goring ◽  
Alfred Wong
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Gel Permeation

High-yield spent bisulphite liquor (HY-SBL) from sulphonated black spruce wood (Piceamariana) was fractionated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The GPC fractionation gave a wide bimodal distribution, whereas with HPLC, a more detailed resolution was seen with the bulk of the fraction giving several clearly defined peaks. The paucidisperse material was further concentrated by a bulk fractionation of the crude SBL which included complexing the lignosulphonates with dicyclohexylamine. The isolated paucidisperse material was found to be dialyzable and to constitute 90% of the lignosulphonate in the sample of SBL. If the bisulphite pulp obtained was recooked in fresh acid sulphite liquor to a lower yield, most of the lignosulphonate dissolved was widely polydisperse with no indication of the discrete components resolvable by HPLC. However, 25% of the lignin made soluble was in the form of the paucidisperse fractions. In all, we were able to obtain about 50% of the lignin in spruce wood as a relatively low molecular weight lignosulphonate resolvable into discrete fractions by HPLC.

scholarly journals Breeding of early ripening potato varieties under the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian foothill zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Aniuar Abazov ◽  
Khaset Abidov ◽  
Sultan Basiev ◽  
Khusein Nazranov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
The Russian Federation

Evolution and thousands of years of artificial selection have contributed to the formation of the widest variety of cultivated potatoes. Thanks to this, more than 4 thousand varieties of potatoes have been created in the world today. All of them are known to differ not only in habit, but also in the level of yield, ripening period, resistance degree to numerous diseases and pests, plasticity to certain climatic and soil conditions. The results of research and evaluation of 4 thousand hybrids of the 1st tuber generation (single-tuberous plants) of joint breeding of the Institute of Agriculture ISKh KBNTs RAN and FSBSI (Federal state budgetary scientific institution) “Federal Research Center (FRC) of Potato name after A.G. Lorkh” that passed the full scheme of breeding tests, 9 promising cross-breed populations with economically useful traits were identified: consistently high yield and resistance to a complex of viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. The selected cross-breeds are distinguished by early and medium early ripening periods with a growing season of 55-70 days and a maximum yield of 38.6-66.2 ton/ha, depending on the prevailing weather conditions during the growing season of potato plants in 2019-2020. The genotypes obtained are involved in the implementation of the federal scientific and technical program for the development of potato growing for 2017-2030. The main goal of the program is to create new varieties of early ripeness group of potatoes. The co-executors of this program are a number of research institutes of the Russian Federation, including the Institute of Agriculture ISKh KBNTs RAN. [1] As a result of many years of investigation, the promising cross-breed 2652-15 that emerged from breeding of the Malinovka variety with the backcross 93.20-12 under the name Zamir was transferred in 2020 for the State test of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasian region. Medium early variety for table use and mashed potatoes processing. Potential yield is 49.5 ton/ha. Tubers of an attractive rounded oval shape with shallow eyes weighing 85.5-108.4 g with a yellow color of the tuber and creamy flesh. The tubers are resistant to mechanical damage during combine harvesting, storability is good. Medium resistant to late blight in tops and highly resistant to tubers. Relatively resistant to rhizoctonia and common scab, banded and wrinkled mosaic of leaves.

Economic evaluation of growing new blackberry (Rubus caesius L.) cultivars under the conditions of the Western Lisosteppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. Telepenko ◽  
◽  
L.O. Barabash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Plantation Management ◽  
Investment Return ◽  
Early Ripening

The authors present the results of evaluating the economic efficiency of growing blackberry cultivars of different ripening terms in the plantation of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (NAAS) of Ukraine. The capital investments on the creation and management of 1 ha of the plantation were 517.3 thousand ₴ (under the planting plan 1.25 х 3.00 m), the trellis putting and laying being about 50 % of the mentioned sum. The productional costs on the fruit-bearing plantation management depended on the cv yield, expenditures for salaries and wages, fertilizing, protective means, fuel and lubricant use, plants covering for winter, the agricultural technics amortization etc. and were within 144.1-283.0 thousand ₴. The wholesale price of the early ripening varieties products was 80.0 ₴/kg. Thus the receipts of the realized products were within considerable limits. Cvs Thornfree, Asterina, Čačanska Bestrna and Chester were characterized with the lowest cost per 1 t of the products (22.61; 23.10; 23.43 and 24.97 thousand ₴ respectively while Nasoloda and Karaka Black with the highest one (38.98 and 37.85 thousand ₴ respectively). The profit per 1 ha of inland variety Nasoloda plantations was the lowest one among the presented cultivars, (42.74 thousand ₴) whereas the early ripening cvs Loch Tay and Brzezina ensured 380.79 and 335.18 thousand ₴ respectively. The same cvs distinguis hed themselves for the highest profitableness level (185.2 and 172.4 % respectively as well as for the shortest rates of the capital investments return recovery – 3.4 and 3.5 years respectively. The profitableness of cv Karaka Black was 111.3 % with the rate of return cost recovery 5.0 years because of the lower yield. This was economically favourable too though. The average and late ripening cultivars which formed the yield of 7.0-8.0 t/ha had the rate of the investment return 4.0-5.0 years. It should be noted that it was cv Thornfree that distinguishhed itself for the highest profitableness (121.1 %) among late ripening cvs with the rates of capital investments on the plantation establishment return 3.4 years.

Optimization of Hot Rolling Process for API-X60 Grade Line Pipe Steel With Lower Yield/Tensile Ratio for ERW Pipe Application

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Seop Ro ◽  
Nagaraj Nayak K. ◽  
Bharath Arikere ◽  
Saad Al-Shammary ◽  
Bimal K. Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hot Strip Mill ◽  
Coiling Temperature ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Line Pipe

The real challenge of achieving yield to tensile ratio (YR) lower than 0.85 along with YS & TS as per specification especially for ERW pipes was performed because the major concern with higher yield ratio is the resultant lower uniform elongation, lower work hardening exponent and also possible deformation under load (safety) when pipelines are used underground. A study was performed by controlling the HSM process parameters. To ensure tensile properties as per X60 grade with lower yield ratio, and good impact toughness, Finish Rolling Temperature (FRT), Coiling Temperature (CT) and Cooling Rate (CR) were varied at Hot Strip Mill in production scale. Generally, micro-alloyed steels show good strength as desired for X60 grade, along with high yield ratio up to 0.90 especially for lower thickness like 6.4mm due to thermomechanical rolling technology. The HSM process parameters for reducing yield ratio was focused on finding the effect of grain size and uniform microstructure. The results of coil form material showed that higher deformation temperature with normal CT and consistent water-cooling pattern could give optimum YS, TS with lower. YR. Comparatively, there was relatively high amount of change in YS, TS & YR with different combination of FRT, CT and CR. At customer end, after pipe making, it was found that yield ratio was lower than 0.85 with minimized YS drop due to Bauschinger effect. Interestingly, the tensile properties & yield ratio values were differing with respect to ERW pipe manufacturing methods (Cage forming & Linear forming processes). These were attributed to the differences in straining during pipe forming. The study indicated that API-X60 grade steel can be supplied with optimization of HSM process parameter to get desired yield and tensile properties as per specification with yield ratio of 0.84∼0.88 and also achieve desired yield and tensile results after ERW pipe making with yield ratio of 0.85 max.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomic analysis of two Saccharopolyspora spinosa strains reveals the relationships between primary metabolism and spinosad production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Xiaomeng Liu ◽  
Tie Yin ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Qiulong Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Saccharopolyspora Spinosa ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Close Relationship

AbstractSaccharopolyspora spinosa is a well-known actinomycete for producing the secondary metabolites, spinosad, which is a potent insecticides possessing both efficiency and safety. In the previous researches, great efforts, including physical mutagenesis, fermentation optimization, genetic manipulation and other methods, have been employed to increase the yield of spinosad to hundreds of folds from the low-yield strain. However, the metabolic network in S. spinosa still remained un-revealed. In this study, two S. spinosa strains with different spinosad production capability were fermented and sampled at three fermentation periods. Then the total RNA of these samples was isolated and sequenced to construct the transcriptome libraries. Through transcriptomic analysis, large numbers of differentially expressed genes were identified and classified according to their different functions. According to the results, spnI and spnP were suggested as the bottleneck during spinosad biosynthesis. Primary metabolic pathways such as carbon metabolic pathways exhibited close relationship with spinosad formation, as pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvic acid were suggested to accumulate in spinosad high-yield strain during fermentation. The addition of soybean oil in the fermentation medium activated the lipid metabolism pathway, enhancing spinosad production. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were suggested to be the most important amino acids and might participate in spinosad biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Скоростиглий сорт сої Авантюрин

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Л. Г. Білявська ◽  
Ю. П. Васецький ◽  
Ю. В. Білявський ◽  
А. О. Діянова
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The State ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
State Register ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Early Ripening

Головною метою досліджень було створення скоростиглих і високоврожайних сортів сої для всіх зон України з високою технологічністю, тривалістю періоду веґетації 80–95 днів,  урожайністю насіння 3,0–4,0 т/га, вмістом протеїну 40–43 %, вмістом жиру 22–26 %.  Для створення сортів і впровадження їх у Полтавській, Харківській, Сумській, Дніпропетровській областях використано джерела адаптивності до лімітуючих факторів (шляхом гібридизації) з метою оцінки на посухостійкість, стійкість проти хвороб, до кислих ґрунтів і комплексу кліматичних чинників. Базуючись на довготривалому практичному досвіді в селекції сої, методом гібридизації джерел адаптивності до стресових чинників довкілля виведено скоростиглий сорт з підвищеним базовим потенціалом – Авантюрин. Сорт занесено до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні. Представлено окремі вимоги до елементів агротехніки даного сорту. Soybean, its uses, genetic potential, customer and processer requirements are considered in the study. Growth of soybean demand has been stated. Ways of increasing soybean output in Ukraine in accordance with climatic zones of Ukraine are defined. Thereafter, ways and perspectives of formation of soybean variety resources in the country are considered. A great number of various soybean varieties, most of which with narrow environmental and geographical adaptation have been recorded into the State Register of plant varieties adaptable to distribution in Ukraine. According to the modern requirements soybean variety has to be high-yield, adaptive, possess high genetic potential and appropriate degree of resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors as well. The part of early ripening high-yielding soybean varieties has been growing. This crop is an excellent preceding crop for winter wheat. Nowadays the variety is a mean of yield growth as well as a factor of increasing economic efficiency of production. The main research objective was to select early ripening and high-yield soybean varieties for all zones of Ukraine with high processability degree, the duration of vegetation period of 80–95 days, seed yield of 3.0–4.0 t/hа, protein content of 40–43 % and fat content of 22–26 % as well.   In order to select and introduce the varieties in Poltava, Kharkiv, Sumy and Dnipropetrovs’k regions sources of adaptability to limiting factors (by hybridization) have been used with the aim to estimate drought-resistance, disease resistance, resistance to acid soil and complex of climatic factors as well. Field and laboratory-field experiments, phenological observations have been carried out in accordance with the State Standards of Ukraine and methodical recommendations of the state variety trial. Morphological and biological characteristics during the vegetation period have been described according to the unified classifier of the kind Glycine. Early ripening variety with increased basic potential has been selected by the method of hybridization of adaptability sources to stress environmental factors on the basis of many years' practical experience in the soybean selection field. Avantiuryn variety has been recorded into the State Register of plant varieties adaptable to distribution in Ukraine. Some requirements to the agrotechnics elements have been given. Plant height is 71–90 centimeters. Height of attachment of bottom bean is 12–15 сm. Weight of 1000 seeds is 180–200 grams. Protein content of seed is 38 %, fat content is 22 %. Potential grain yield in the conditions of Ukraine is 3.0–3.5 t/hа. The variety is characterized by increased adaptability to unfavourable growing conditions including growing on acid soil (pH 4.5–5.5). The variety grown for grain production is resistant to lodging and bean splitting. The variety is resistant to bacterial and virus diseases and slightly damaged by pests. Agrotechnics of Avantiuryn variety is standard. Seeding rate is 550–650 thousand germinable seeds per one hectare. The variety is well responsive to fertilization and presowing seed inoculation with biological preparations. This variety is recommended to be grown for grain production in Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Size equality of seed is 95 %.

scholarly journals Electrochemical alcohols oxidation mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide on nickel foam surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Behrouzi ◽  
Robabeh Bagheri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Zhenlun Song ◽  
Petko Chernev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
High Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
By Products

Abstract Alcohol to aldehyde conversion is a critical reaction in the industry. Herein, a new electrochemical method is introduced that converts 1 mmol of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI, 20 mol%) as a mediator; this conversion is achieved after 8.5 h at room temperature using a piece of Ni foam (1.0 cm2) and without adding an extra-base or a need for high temperature. Using this method, 10 mmol (1.08 g) of benzyl alcohol was also successfully oxidized to benzaldehyde (91%) without any by-products. This method was also used to oxidize other alcohols with high yield and selectivity. In the absence of a mediator, the surface of the nickel foam provided oxidation products at the lower yield. After the reaction was complete, nickel foam (anode) was characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and spectroelectrochemistry, which pointed to the formation of nickel oxide on the surface of the electrode. On the other hand, using other electrodes such as Pt, Cu, Fe, and graphite resulted in a low yield for the alcohol to aldehyde conversion.

scholarly journals Shallot Blondin variety as a source material for breeding for early maturity, keeping quality, productivity and yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
L. N. Novikova ◽  
B. N. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
High Yield ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
State Register ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Early Ripening

Relevance. Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a very useful and promising crop with high nutrition- al, taste and medicinal properties. Shallot is appreciated for its tender and juicy tasty greens, as well as early ripening of bulbs with a long shelf life. For widespread distribution and consumption, increasing demand and popularizing this culture, it is relevant to create new promising varieties with valuable economically useful characteristics that meet modern market requirements. When creating new varieties, it is important to search for sources of early maturity, keeping quality, productivity, yield and quality.The aim of the research was to study local varieties of shallots for a complex of valuable traits, select the best forms and create a new fruitful, white early-ripening white variety of the salad direction, possessing useful properties, good keeping quality of bulbs, resistant to unfavorable environmental factors for cultivation in the regions of the European part of Russia.Materials and methods. The initial material consisted of 18 varieties of the local population from the North Caucasian group, differing in morphometric, in particular the color of the bulb (yellow to white), biological and economic characteristics. The studies were carried out at the collection site of the Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch (Krasnodar Region, Krymsk). As a standard, we used two varieties included in the State Register with the color of the bulb from yellow (Off-season) to white (Snezhok).Results. The study of phenological, biological, morphometric and economic characteristics made it possible to select five promising forms that are valuable for the consumer: those with early maturity, productivity, light color, large long-term bulb, green feather productivity, winter hardiness and good taste. The best form – LSh 5-05, with a consistently high yield, long-term keeping quality of white bulbs, marketability, good mild taste and attractive appearance, is included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for admission to use as a shallot Blondin variety.

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