scholarly journals Terraced Lands in Developed Countries: A Future Potential Hazard?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Future Potential

scholarly journals Targeting Growth Factor Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer: Towards Inhibiting Chemoresistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntombikayise Xelwa ◽  
Geoffrey Patrick Candy ◽  
John Devar ◽  
Jones Omoshoro-Jones ◽  
Martin Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cancer Chemoresistance

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly cancers, ranking amongst the top leading cause of cancer related deaths in developed countries. Features such as dense stroma microenvironment, abnormal signaling pathways, and genetic heterogeneity of the tumors contribute to its chemoresistant characteristics. Amongst these features, growth factors have been observed to play crucial roles in cancer cell survival, progression, and chemoresistance. Here we review the role of the individual growth factors in pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. Importantly, the interplay between the tumor microenvironment and chemoresistance is explored in the context of pivotal role played by growth factors. We further describe current and future potential therapeutic targeting of these factors.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND DETERMINATION OF ITS RISK FACTORS IN KORANGRAPADY, UDUPI DISTRICT, COASTAL KARNATAKA, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Steffi Veientlena ◽  
Prabu P
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Anthropometric Measures

Objective: Hypertension is a global public health problem that estimates about 4.5% of overall disease burden. It is a general health challenge in economically developing and developed countries. High blood pressure prevalence is increased from 11.2% to 28% (p<0.001) and 23–42.2% in rural and urban area according to the study done in Delhi for about 20 years. It is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim was to identify the significant correlates of hypertension in a rural village in south India. Methods: Data were collected through a door-to-door survey among the residents of the village. Data collected was related to demographics and anthropometric measures. Blood pressure was measured with the help of the medical supervisor. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test for comparison between attributes. The potential hazard factor of hypertension was found by performing binary logistic regression model.Result: Of 299 participants considered for the study, 50 were hypertensive contributing to the overall prevalence of 16.72% with 95% confidence interval of 0.1292–0.2137, in which females have the prevalence rate of 17.8% and males with the prevalence rate of 15.5%. The study outcome identified education level, occupation, and family history of hypertension is the predicted risk factors.Conclusion: The high blood pressure prevalence is low and comparable with the studies conducted in other rural regions of India. More studies are, however, required to decide the appropriation and determinants of hypertension in different parts of this region.

Cancer Registries

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Sabine Siesling ◽  
Freddie Bray ◽  
Roberto Zanetti ◽  
Tomohiro Matsuda ◽  
Anna Gavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Potential Hazard

Abstract: Cancer registries provide insight into the burden of cancer by systematically recording data on new (pre)malignancies and/or in-situ tumours within a specific region, area, or treatment setting (e.g. hospital-based care). An understanding of the burden for a patient group at the population level is given by indicators such as incidence, survival, treatment modalities and timing, and prevalence. Mortality data are often obtained through national or regional death registries. Registries play a vital role in research into the causes of cancer, both by providing data on patterns and trends, and in different types of epidemiological studies (in particular, in their ability to follow up groups of persons exposed to a potential hazard). They comprise an essential element in the planning and monitoring of cancer control strategies as well as for identifying priorities in public health. Increasingly, registries in developed countries have begun to gather more data on treatments and outcomes (such as recurrences), which can be used for monitoring quality of care, guideline adherence, and outcome research.

scholarly journals The Integration and Reliance on Technology to Enhance the Independence and Accountability of Company Directors in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Friedrich Hamadziripi ◽  
Howard Chitimira
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Company Directors ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

The most indispensable means of change in contemporary business society is technology because it offers convenience to both businesses and their clients. Almost every business has been influenced by technology. Traditional corporate governance systems have been affected as technology has ceased to be a mere business enabler but is now a source of a company's future potential opportunities. The infusion of corporate governance and technology has been quite slow in South Africa. This may either be attributed to the fact that it is costly to do so, at least in the short term, or that company directors in South Africa do not yet trust technological measures with corporate decision-making input. Consequently, the impact of decision support technology on corporate entities and their governance has received less academic interest in South Africa than in developed countries. This article seeks to discuss the integration and reliance on technology to enhance corporate governance principles in developing countries like South Africa. The article also discusses the practical challenges and the benefits to be anticipated by directors in South Africa when they integrate technology in decision making to enhance their independence and accountability.

Development of a Rapid Survey Method of Sampling and Analysis for Asbestos in Ambient Air

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 630-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. W. Melton ◽  
D. L. Kiefer ◽  
W. M. Henry ◽  
R. J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Identification And Quantification

A methodology has been developed and demonstrated which is capable of determining total amounts of asbestos fibers and fibrils in air ranging from as low as fractional nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3) of air to several micrograms/m3. The method involves the collection of samples on an absolute filter and provides an unequivocal identification and quantification of the total asbestos contents including fibrils in the collected samples.The developed method depends on the trituration under controlled conditions to reduce the fibers to fibrils, separation of the asbestos fibrils from other collected air particulates (beneficiation), and the use of transmission microscopy for identification and quantification. Its validity has been tested by comparative analyses by neutron activation techniques. It can supply the data needed to set emissions criteria and to serve as a basis for assessing the potential hazard for asbestos pollution to the populace.

Emerging Nutrition Gaps in a World of Affluence - Micronutrient Intake and Status Globally

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Eggersdorfer ◽  
Paul Walter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
New Science ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Intake

Nutrition is important for human health in all stages of life - from conception to old age. Today we know much more about the molecular basis of nutrition. Most importantly, we have learnt that micronutrients, among other factors, interact with genes, and new science is increasingly providing more tools to clarify this interrelation between health and nutrition. Sufficient intake of vitamins is essential to achieve maximum health benefit. It is well established that in developing countries, millions of people still suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However, it is far less recognized that we face micronutrient insufficiencies also in developed countries.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Italian Single-Center Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Aleksova ◽  
Rita Belfiore ◽  
Cosimo Carriere ◽  
Salam Kassem ◽  
Salvatore La Carrubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
High Exposure

Abstract. Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin deficiency that has been increasing in developed countries; it was also suggested as an emerging risk factor for developing of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction. The primary source of vitamin D is its cutaneous synthesis under exposure to sunlight. It has been suggested that 30 min of sun exposure twice weekly leads to sufficient vitamin D synthesis. The residents of Trieste (Italy) are well-known for their high exposure to sunlight in all seasons. We aimed to investigate the vitamin D status in subjects with acute myocardial infarction living in this area. Methods: Vitamin D status was identified in 478 subjects diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Results: The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 14.5 [7.8 - 22.7] ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were present in 324 (68 %) and 107 (22 %) subjects, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was less frequent among subjects enrolled in the period from July to the end of September (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis vitamin D deficiency was predicted by older age (p = 0.02), female gender (p = 0.002), higher body mass index (p = 0.05), autumn/winter sampling (p < 0.001), increased parathyroid hormone (p = 0.03) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.003). Conclusions: We observed very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among subjects with myocardial infarction in all seasons of enrollment. However, it was lower in the summer when sun exposure is higher. The exposure to sunlight may be a cost-saving therapeutic strategy for the management of vitamin D deficiency.

Quantification of Vitamin A in Fortified Rapeseed, Groundnut and Soya Oils Using a Simple Portable Device: Comparison to High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Renaud ◽  
Jacques Berger ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Sylvie Avallone
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Assay Precision

Vitamin A deficiency is still one of the major public health problems in least developed countries. Fortification of vegetable oils is a strategy implemented worldwide to prevent this deficiency. For a fortification program to be effective, regular monitoring is necessary to control food quality in the producing units. The reference methods for vitamin A quantification are expensive and time-consuming. A rapid method should be useful for regular assessment of vitamin A in the oil industry. A portable device was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for three plant oils (rapeseed, groundnut, and soya). The device presented a good linearity from 3 to 30 mg retinol equivalents per kg (mg RE.kg- 1). Its limits of detection and quantification were 3 mg RE.kg- 1 for groundnut and rapeseed oils and 4 mg RE.kg- 1 for soya oil. The intra-assay precision ranged from 1.48 % to 3.98 %, considered satisfactory. Accuracy estimated by the root mean squares error ranged from 3.99 to 5.49 and revealed a lower precision than HPLC (0.4 to 2.25). Although it offers less precision than HPLC, the device estimates quickly the vitamin A content of the tested oils from 3 or 4 to 15 mg RE.kg- 1.

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