scholarly journals Gaya Arsitektur di Perumahan Dinas Militer Angkatan Darat, Cimahi, Jawa Barat

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Milla Ardiani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
West Java ◽  
Military Rank ◽  
The Military

Cimahi is a city in West Java that owns many relics of the Dutch architectural heritage built in the early 20th century. The majority of buildings are military buildings that have a hierarchy according to the military rank, seen from the styles presented at the army's military housing. The building style has no longer presented either Indische empire style or modern colonial style. The architectural style in the transitional period at that time adapted the tropical climate of Indonesia with the visible formation of the Dutch. This paper is the result of research done by observation and a survey at the Army Military Housing, Cimahi, West Java. Data were analyzed quantitatively to analyze the number of houses and ornaments dismantled and its original form. In addition, qualitative methods are also used to analyze the demolitions done by the building occupants. 

The formation of ‘gong-yi’ in modern China: A philological perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-614
Author(s):  
Huanyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
New Thinking

The Chinese term ‘ gong-yi’ (公益), which is usually translated as ‘philanthropy’ or ‘public interest’ in English, has long been regarded as a new modern concept which originated from Japan in the early 20th century. This study, however, finds that it appeared in China no later than the middle of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, its usage had three major meanings: economic benefits; national interests; and local public affairs. The ‘national interest’ meaning of the term was most likely introduced into Japan and was brought back into China in the late 19th century along with the new thinking of the Meiji Restoration. ‘ Gong-yi’, with its newly coined meaning, was used as an ideological term to express ideas about reformation in early 20th century China. It was in this capacity that the Chinese ‘ gong-yi’ was swiftly popularized and often referred to the reformation as national interest. At the same time, the denotation of ‘ gong-yi’ was sometimes ambiguous, wavering between ‘the nation’ and ‘the local’. It reflected the volatile conflict between the state and the local over legitimate control of ‘public’ resources in a transitional period. In my view, the question of to what extent this interlock between the emergence of modern ‘ gong-yi’ and the nation’s modern transition might have shaped the historical formation of Chinese citizenship yields insights for the investigation of the nature of Chinese philanthropy and its essence in the public spirit.

scholarly journals Characteristics of development of Tajik jewelry art at the turn of the 21st century

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01226
Author(s):  
Zarrina Umarova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Characteristic Features

The paper identifies and analyzes the characteristic features of the development of Tajikjewelry art in the late 20th - early 21st centuries. The author believes that at this time, after a long period of oblivion, there is a marked way to restoration of many lost and nearly forgotten folk traditions in Tajik jewelry art. This period of time can be distinguished as a transitional period in the history of Tajik jewelry art development. This issue carries a significant value in the history of Tajikistan because the jewelry art in the period from the 80ies ofthe 20th century to the early 20th century was previously not subjected to a dedicated study, which results in certain gaps in the research of modern Tajik jewelry art. Studying the characteristics of the development of jewelry art at the turn of the 21st century and of the problems faced by master jewelers (zargars) at that time will aid in the future to identify the most efficient ways of developing this industry and facilitate its becoming one of the export-oriented areas, taking into account that the Republic of Tajikistan possesses all the necessary natural resources.

scholarly journals SIMETRISITAS SEBAGAI KOSMOLOGI RUANG JAWA PADA RUMAH KOLONIAL DI KAMPUNG BUBUTAN SURABAYA (The Symmetricity of Colonial House as Javanese Space Cosmology at Kampung Bubutan Surabaya)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Risqi Cahyani ◽  
Lisa Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Antariksa Antariksa
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The 19Th Century

Symmetricity is part of the Javanese Cosmology that describes the perfection of Javanese. Symmetricity has been the main principle in Javanese house, not only in the faade of the house but olso the hierarchy of spatial inside. Kampung Bubutan is the ancient settlement experienced two phases of Government which strongly influenced the architectural character, which at the time became the Kingdom of Mataram (15th century) and the colonialism of the Netherlands (17th century up to the 19th century). The remains of the era of colonialism in Surabaya can still be felt by many colonial buildings surounding in the settlement. This study will explore how the principles of Javanese symmetricity in Kampung Bubutan colonial house, by using descriptive qualitative methods. Can the Javanese symmetricity still become principal in colonial house and survive? The results shows that the symmetricity of fasade became decreased at the last peroide of 19th century, when the NA-Romantiek was popular. Spatial symmetricity at the colonial houses have inconsistancy since the beginning of 19th century until the early 20th century. The main hierarchy of the spatial Javanese House, which are pendopo (verandah), pringgitan (foyer), dalem (living room) and senthong (bedroom), have become inconsistence since the end of 19th century periode

scholarly journals Tracing Pan-Slavism in Official Documents of the Military Department of the Russian Empire in the Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
П.П. Рыхтик
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

Рассматривается проблема влияния идеологической концепции панславизма на систему отношений великих держав и малых акторов в Балканском регионе начала ХХ века. Дается взгляд на теорию панславизма как явления мировой общественно-политической мысли, зародившегося в XIX веке и представляющего собой многосоставное и неопределенное понятие, наполнявшееся различным смыслом отдельными теоретиками. Особое внимание уделяется чертам русского панславизма как одного из ответвлений данного течения, наиболее актуального в рамках общественно-политического дискурса поздней Российской империи. Указывается на влияние на русский панславистский дискурс следующих основных факторов: актуальных задач балканской политики России, образов «братьев-славян», формировавшихся в русском общественно-политическом сознании в XIX — начале ХХ века, и связанной с данным образом метафоры «славянской взаимности»; развитие и усиление популярности в России к рубежу XIX–XX веков идей славянофилов. Приводится анализ постепенного проникновения элементов панславистского дискурса из комплекса идей поздних славянофилов, в частности на основе работ и речей В. И. Ламанского, в тексты официального характера (планы, донесения, аналитические записки) Генерального штаба (Главного штаба) Российской империи в начале ХХ века, посвященные вопросам русского военного и политического влияния в системе международных отношений на Балканах начала ХХ века. Делается вывод об особенностях данного идеологического проникновения панславистской концепции в ее взаимодействии с образом «малых» южнославянских народов в сознание подданных Российской империи, с мифом о «братьях-славянах», об актуальной политической обстановке, в которой находилась Россия. The article traces the influence of the ideology of Pan-Slavism on the interaction of major and minor countries in the Balkans in the early 20th century. Pan-Slavism is treated as a social and political philosophy which originated in the 19th century to become a versatile and heterogeneous concept, which is differently interpreted by different theoreticians. The article focuses on Russian Pan-Slavism as a variety of this philosophy typical of social and political discourse of the late Russian Empire. The article highlights the great influence exerted upon Russian Pan-Slavism by the following factors: Russian objectives in the Balkans, the idea of Slavic fraternity, the popularity of Slavophilism in Russia at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries. The article analyzes the process of gradual penetration of Pan-Slavic ideas shared by late Slavophiles, V. I. Lamansky in particular, into official texts (plans, reports, analytical notes) issued by the General Headquarters of the Russian Empire in the early 20th century and devoted to the discussion of Russian military and political influence on the system of international relations in the Balkans in the early 20th century. The author focuses on the peculiarities of the Pan-Slavic penetration and the image of Southern Slavs in the Russian Empire. The author also focuses on the idea of Slavic fraternity and the political situation in Russia.

scholarly journals The specifics of formation of the late modern architectural style in Odessa

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Olga Polonskaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Modern Style ◽  
Late Modern

The paper set out to analyze the architecture of three Revenue Houses built in Odessa in the early 20th century, in the Late Modern period by L.M. Chernigov, the architect, on request of A.P. Russov. The analysis’ results show the process of forming of the late Modern style based on the single rational planning by means of an eclectic façade designing technique, decorating the buildings in the early decorative Modern style up till the late Rational Modern, when the rational planning type corresponded to the rational façade design.

scholarly journals THE ARTISTRY OF THE OLD BUILDING OF BARNAUL RAILWAY STATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Elena V. Rusakovich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Research Findings

The article considers the artistry in the architecture of the first railway station building in Barnaul (1914-1915). Typologically, it is a special purpose building in the emerging railway style. This is a listed architectural heritage building of Siberia dating back to the early 20th century. It is important to ensure description and conservation of this heritage building in connection with the program of railway station modernization being implemented in Russia. The architectural features of the building are considered in relation to the processes occurring in the architecture of Russia and railway design, and to the regional architectural environment and the author's intent. An art-historical analysis of the station building's architecture is performed. The stylistic appurtenance and originality of the project are summarized. It is to be hoped that the unique building will be preserved and the research findings will be used in the modernization of Barnaul’s railway station forecourt.

scholarly journals The military apartment fee in Belarus (second half of the 19th – early 20th century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr B. Arlukevich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The article reveals the influence of the military housing tax on the socio-economic development of municipal centers and the processes of urbanisation in Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. On the basis of a wide range of sources, it is proved that during the period under review, the amount of funds collected by the population in cities and towns with the active mediation of local self-government institutions for the rental of army headquarters, infirmaries, warehouses, officers’ apartments, rent and construction of soldiers’ barracks was comparable to the total income of magistrates and thus deprived them of the necessary reserve for saving and developing public utilities and infrastructure. On this basis, the collection of apartment money can be considered one of the key economic factors that determined the specifics of the development of the Belarusian city during the modernisation period. Until now the collection of funds in the framework of post-conscription in the territory of the Belarusian provinces has not become the subject of special research. Most of the facts presented in the work are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Publications of Russian Newspapers and Magazines of the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century as a Source on the History of the Kazakh National Liberation Movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4 (28)) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Zakish T. Sadvokasova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

The article provides an overview of newspaper and magazine publications of the second half of the 19th - early 20th century on the problem of the Kazakh national liberation movement. The participation of Kazakhs in the Pugachev uprising, the uprisings of I. Kutebarov, I. Taimanov, K. Kasymov, protests against the introduction of tsarist reforms on the territory of Kazakhstan and others are presented in the materials. The authors of latter are Russian officials, the military and others. Their value lies in the coverage of events, based on documents were discovered by the authors or written from eyewitnesses.

scholarly journals Discourse of war in Oleksa Stefanovych’s poetry

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Тетяна Рязанцева
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Religious Poetry ◽  
The Real ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Military ◽  
Real Places

The is article focuses on the military topics and poetics in the patriotic and religious poetry of Oleksa Stefanovych (1899—1970), one of the most interesting Ukrainian diaspora writers. The question of his personal war experience remains open, but the topic of war and the struggle for independence is an important element of his poetry. The e material for analysis is taken from his Apocalyptic cycle “The World’s End” (“Kinetssvitnie”) inspired by the events of the WWII, from his patriotic poems dedicated to the heroes of Kruty and Oleh Olzhych, and from the fragments of his unfinished poetic works on the tragic events of Bazar (“Do Bazaru”) and Brody (“Do Brodiv”). Based on Aleida Assman’s descriptions concerning the peculiarities of memory representations in literature, the author demonstrates the main points of Stefanovych’s creative strategy. It is focused on the sacralization and mythologization of real places, figures, and events connected with the struggle for Ukrainian statehood in the early 20th century and the participation of Ukrainians in the events of the WWII. Stefanovych sacralizes space and time by putting the real tragedies of Ukrainian history into the Apocalyptic context and interweaving the motifs of martyrdom and heroism. In his poetic universe the sites of historical events become the places of worship, memory or trauma tightly connected with the paradoxical experience of military defeat that turned to be the moral victory. The typical stylistic traits of Stefanovych’s poetry are defined as the balance between the high symbolism and accuracy of naturalistic details, the extreme level of dramatic tension and exact moral accents.  

scholarly journals Changes in the composition of the land snail fauna of Mt. Ciampea, West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Ayu Savitri Nurinsiyah ◽  
Bernhard Hausdorf
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Previous Survey ◽  
West Java

Mt. Ciampea is a limestone outcrop surrounded by human settlements in West Java. To update the inventory of land snail species from Mt. Ciampea and to compare it with the previous records, we sampled land snails at eight plots (10m x10m) in January 2013 and May 2014. In total, 1702 specimens belonging to 16 families and 34 species were collected. Stomacosmethis jagori (Cyclophoridae) was the dominant species comprising 24% of the individuals. The number of species was similar to a previous survey, in which 38 species were recorded, but the species composition was different. Sixteen of the previously recorded species were not found in our survey, but we could record 13 species that were not known from Mt. Ciampea so far. Among them were two invasive species, Lissachatina fulica (Achatinidae) and Bradybaena similaris (Camaenidae) that colonized the area since the early 20th century. A more detailed survey will be necessary to ascertain whether and which previously recorded species are actually extinct on Mt. Ciampea.

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