scholarly journals PERGUMULAN KEBERAGAMAAN DI DUNIA BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-278
Author(s):  
M Baharudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Western World ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Universal Truth ◽  
Practical Life ◽  
Discussion Note

Abstract: This paper aims to find the answer to a fundamental question: what is religion? How is the phenomenon of religionin the western world? And how religious the Western world in this contemporary Era? In the discussion note several things, among others: 1). Religionisa systemof beliefs and practicesof life according to these beliefs. Religionis the rules on how to live a physically and mentally. Religionisa reference of life in its various aspects, including aspects of common life or social life. 2). In medieval times, religionis seenas having an absolute and universal truth concretely been visualizedin the Western world. 3). In the post modernera of modernity and religion is criticize dan dindistortion, the era of religion merely a matter of discussion and separated with practical life, religionis also considered to hinder the progression of man. Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan menemukan jawaban mendasar atas pertanyaan: apa itu agama? Bagaimana fenomena agama di dunia Barat? Dan bagaimana keberagamaan dunia Barat pada Era kontemporel ini? Dalam pembahasan diketahui beberapa hal antara lain: 1). Agama ialah sistem kepercayaan dan praktek hidup yang sesuai dengan kepercayaan tersebut. Agama ialah peraturan tentang cara hidup lahir batin. Agama adalah acuan hidup berbagai aspeknya, termasuk aspek kehidupan bersama atau kehidupan sosial. 2). Pada abad pertengahan, agama dipandang sebagai yang memiliki kebenaran mutlak dan universal yang secara kongkrit pernah divisualisasikan di dunia Barat. 3). Pada era modernitas dan post¬modern agama dikritik dan di distorsi, pada zaman tersebut agama sekedar menjadi bahan diskusi dan dipisahkan dengan kehidupan praktis, agama juga dianggap menghalangi progresivitas manusia. Keywords: Pergumulan, Keberagamaan, Dunia Barat

scholarly journals Western Medical Rehabilitation through Time: A Historical and Epistemological Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Western World ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Renaissance Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Everyday Reality

Medical rehabilitation is the process targeted to promote and facilitate the recovery from physical damage, psychological and mental disorders, and clinical disease. The history of medical rehabilitation is closely linked to the history of disability. In the ancient western world disabled subjects were excluded from social life. In ancient Greece disability was surmounted only by means of its complete removal, and given that disease was considered a punishment attributed by divinities to human beings because of their faults and sins, only a full physical, mental, and moral recovery could reinsert disabled subjects back in the society of “normal” people. In the Renaissance period, instead, general ideas functional for the prevention of diseases and the maintaining of health became increasingly technical notions, specifically targeted to rehabilitate disabled individuals. The history of medical rehabilitation is a fascinating journey through time, providing insights into many different branches of medicine. When modern rehabilitation emerges, around the middle of the twentieth century, it derives from a combination of management approaches focusing on the orthopaedic and biomechanical understanding of patterns of movement, on the mastering of neuropsychological mechanisms, and on the awareness of the social-occupational dimension of everyday reality.

scholarly journals Everyday Technology in South and Southeast Asia: An introduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID ARNOLD ◽  
ERICH DeWALD
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Western World ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Collective Inquiry ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Methodologies

That technology matters—and matters profoundly—to the humanities and social sciences is no longer in dispute. But exactly how it informs our understanding of society, now and in the past, remains a matter of scholarly contention. It might be argued that, as the history and sociology of technology moves away from its principal point of origin in the study of Euro-American societies, the questions that technology poses have, if only by virtue of their relative novelty, a particular resonance for the constituent regions of modern Asia—and not least for the societies of South and Southeast Asia that form the subject of this special issue. It is not a question of adopting an approach as unsubtle and outmoded as technological determinism, or of simply extending to one corner of the Asian landmass a set of ‘global’ theories and histories, with technology as their underpinning, already established and familiar in other contexts. Rather, it is a case of finding and developing a perspective on technology which helps to illuminate the inner histories and local narratives of these regions and which brings to the wider discussion of technology something distinctive, distilled from the outlook and experience of one part of the non-Western world. A desire to move beyond scholarship's still-dominant paradigms of colonialism, nationalism, and development, to explore the multivalent nature of ‘everyday life’ and enquire into ‘the social life of things’ as locally constituted, to examine modernity's diverse material forms, technological manifestations, and ideological configurations, to locate the regional roots as well as the exogenous origins of social change and cultural transformation, to situate subaltern experience alongside middle class mores and elite appropriation—all these interlocking considerations have begun to form part of a collective inquiry into the technological histories and cultures of South and Southeast Asia. A scholarly search is clearly under way to establish new methodologies and meanings, new contexts, and conjunctures, which will inform and reinvigorate the history, sociology, anthropology, and geography of these regions and redefine their place within the burgeoning field of science and technology studies.

scholarly journals The Critique of Liberal Capitalism in the Light of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalistic Concept of Socio-Economic Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-188
Author(s):  
Ryszard Ficek
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Western World ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Liberal Capitalism ◽  
Contemporary Reality

The subject of the presented article is the analysis of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s personalistic vision of social life in the context of the liberal capitalism concept. The author’s interpretation of the source materials aims to display Wyszyński’s praxeological and ethical reflection and place it in the context of the socio-economic aspects of human life, characteristic of liberal capitalism. The exploration of the above research will analyze the source texts and their reinterpretation using the inductive-deductive method. The above paper’s primary research goal is to show the moral message of Cardinal Wyszyński in the context of the Christian vision of involvement in socio-economic life and its application to the specific reality of contemporary public life. The author of the article asks whether the moral message rooted in the personalistic vision of the human person presented by Cardinal Wyszyński can be applied to the contemporary reality of social, political, and economic life, where liberal capitalism seems to be the dominant ideology of the Western world? The answer to such questions is essential, especially in the context of the revival of “collectivist” populism, which, combined with the ideas of the so-called “Ideological pluralism,” emphasizing the moral ambivalence of “liquid” postmodernity, becomes a severe challenge to the entire modern world

How to perform and interpret the sweat test

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Brown ◽  
Laura Jenkins ◽  
Alastair Reid ◽  
Anne Leavy ◽  
Glen McDowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disease ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
Western World ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Sweat Testing ◽  
Life Threatening

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-threatening autosomal-recessive disease affecting Caucasians in the western world. The sweat test is the main diagnostic test for CF. It is indicated as part of the clinical assessment for infants that have picked up on the national neonatal screening programme. It may also be requested where clinical suspicion of a diagnosis of CF exists despite normal screening results. This article outlines the physiological basis behind sweat testing and the technical aspects of performing the test. Indications for performing the test are also considered. The article aims to provide clinicians with a guide to interpretation of results.

Cystic fibrosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Terry Robinson ◽  
Jane Scullion
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Western World ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Inherited Disease ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Life Threatening

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common, life-threatening, and recessively inherited disease in the Western world. This chapter provides an overview of the condition, including its aetiology, pathology, and genetics. It then covers the clinical presentations and confirmation of diagnosis of CF, complications (respiratory, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, bowel, hepatic, reproductive, and diabetic). Anyone recognized as having high risk of having a baby with CF and in whom pregnancy is contemplated, or who has a newborn with CF, should be offered screening and early genetic advice. Care and management are described in detail, including nutrition, physiotherapy, infection control, antibiotics, the transition from paediatric to adult care, transplant, and end-of-life care.

Responsible Belief and Our Social Institutions

Philosophy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
René van Woudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Western World ◽  
Right To Know ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Education And Law

AbstractThe idea that we can properly be held responsible for what we believe underlies large stretches of our social and institutional life; without that idea in place, social and institutional life would be unthinkable, and more importantly, it would stumble and fall. At the same time, philosophers have argued that this idea is strange, puzzling, beyond belief, false, meaningless or at any rate defective. The first section develops the alleged problem. The burden of this paper, however, is not to discuss the merits of this idea but rather to measure the damage in case the idea turns out to be defective indeed. This is done by substantiating the claim that this idea indeed underlies large and important stretches of our social and institutional life. Section 2 substantiates that claim by presenting the results of a web search on the use of what I call “deontological epistemic expressions”, i.e. expressions in which deontological and epistemological notions (both broadly construed) are combined; examples are “obligation to believe”, “not permitted to forget”, “right to know”. The ubiquitous use of these expressions, I argue, is linguistic evidence for the claim that the contested idea indeed pervades our social life. Linguistic evidence, however, can be frail and misleading. From the fact that we say that the shade is moving we cannot conclude that shades really exist; likewise it may not be permitted to conclude from the ubiquitous use of deontological epistemic expressions that there really are doxastic obligations (and hence doxastic responsibilities). The third section, therefore, moves beyond the linguistic evidence and discusses two social institutions, viz. education and law as we find them in modern Western societies, and argues that they cannot be made sense of unless the contested idea is in place. Educational and legal systems of course vary greatly throughout the Western world. Such differences as exist, however, are irrelevant for the claim I will be making in this paper. The final section states the conclusion.

scholarly journals MAQASHID SYARI’AH SEBAGAI EPISTEMOLOGI PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fahri Yahya Ainuri
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Common Life ◽  
The Law

Abstract As Indonesian people, of course we are familiar with religious groups with transnational ideologies that are oriented towards replacing government systems with Islamic systems (Imamat / Khilafah) based on the Qur'an and Hadith. Actually there is nothing wrong with the group's vision because the khilahfah system is a product of ijtihad of the predecessor ulama and normatively does not contradict Islamic law. It's just that the effort to coerce to change the law which has become a collective agreement in a country can legally be said as an act of rebellion and the act is not constitutionally justified. To address this phenomenon, the writer wants to give an understanding that implicitly our country (Indonesia) has actually implemented laws that are in accordance with Islamic sharia because the Pancasila ideology which is used as a national and state paradigm is fully in line with the sharia maqashid as contained in the Koran 'and Hadith which fully aims to educate people to become human beings who are deified, humane, united, just manifested into a common life (social life). Keywords: Islamic maqashid, Epistemology, Pancasila Education. Abstrak Sebagai masyarakat Indonesia, tentu kita tidak asing dengan adanya kelompok beragama dengan ideologi transnasional yang berorientasi mengganti sistem pemerintahan dengan sistem Islam (Imamah/Khilafah) yang berlandaskan al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Sebenarnya tidak ada yang salah dengan visi kelompok tersebut karena sistem khilahfah merupakan produk ijtihad para ulama pendahulu dan secara normatif tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Hanya saja, usaha melakukan paksaan untuk merubah undang-undang yang sudah menjadi kesepakatan bersama dalam suatu negara secara yuridis bisa dikatakan sebagai tindakan pemberontakan dan tindakan tersebut tidak dibenarkan secara konstitusional. Untuk mensikapi fenomena tersebut penulis ingin memberikan pemahaman bahwa secara implisit negara kita (Indonesia) sebenarnya sudah menerapkan undang-undang yang sesuai dengan syari’at Islam karena ideologi pancasila yang dijadikan sebagai paradigma berbangsa dan bernegara sepenuhnya sejalan dengan maqashid syariah yang tertuang dalam al-Qur’an dan Hadis yang spenuhnya bertujuan untuk mendidik masyarakat menjadi manusia yang berketuhanan, berperikemanusiaan, bersatu, adil yang termanifestasi ke dalam kehidupan bersama (kehidupan sosial). Kata Kunci : maqashid syariah, Epistemologi, Pendidikan Pancasila.

scholarly journals COMMUNAL SPACE IN ISLAMIC ACTIVITY OF DUKUH KRAJAN, DESA KROMENGAN,KABUPATEN MALANG

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Winarni ◽  
Galih Widjil Pangarsa ◽  
Antariksa Antariksa ◽  
Lisa Dwi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Common Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Area ◽  
Space Function ◽  
Life Pattern ◽  
Communal Space

<p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract</strong></p> <p>Dukuh Krajan settlement is a one of the settlement that still hold and maintain the value of tradition, social and cultural  in the  daily and social life. Nowadays, the  phenomena that  happens in the  social-cultural community is the decrement of life pattern of the rural community consist of the value of togetherness and mutual cooperation. This transformation will affect changes of common space. It still needs a deeper research about the formed common spaces especially in the relation with Islamic activity in regular nor incidentally basis. With purpose so that the formed common space can be benficial to grow some communal senses and mutual cooperation in the next generation. The research using qualitative with rationalistic approach. With the data acquired from the filed observation and interview with social figure and the residence. Common space is a common area that formed from the participation of the residence. Space as a base of common life grow from the alliance by building those spaces for a joint interest. the physical room of the Islamic activity consist of two namely residence house Islamic activity and public facility Islamic activity. Those function can transform when the Islamic activity being held. Semi public spaces, semi private, and private will change into common space function. This is affected by the activity, user, time and the room atribute inside. The space application of one activity has a sequence which give the activity and the user a interpretation, in this case togetherness and communality.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>K</strong><strong>e</strong><strong>y</strong><strong>w</strong><strong>ords</strong>:  Common Space, Islamic Activity, Rural Settlement</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstrak</strong></p> <p>Permukiman Dukuh Krajan merupakan salah satu pedesaan yang  masih memegang dan mempertahankan nilai-</p> <p>nilai tradisi, sosial dan budaya baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari maupun kehidupan sosial. Dalam kehidupan sosial-budaya masyarakat  desa saat ini corak kehidupan masyarakat desa yang berupa nilai-nilai kebersamaan dan kegotong-royongan semakin menipis. Perubahan ini akan berpengaruh juga terhadap perubahan ruang- ruang komunal.   Untuk itu perlu diteliti lebih mendalam tentang ruang komunal yang terbentuk khususnya dalam kegiatan keislaman. Dengan tujuan agar ruang komunal yang terbentuk dapat bermanfaat untuk kepentingan sosial dan eksistensinya tetap ada dan terjaga dengan baik serta dapat bermanfaat dalam menumbuhkan rasa kebersamaan dan kegotong-royongan pada generasi berikutnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan rasionalistik. Dengan data-data diperoleh dari observasi lapangan  dan  wawancara  dengan  tokoh  masyarakat  dan  masyarakat  umum  setempat.  Ruang  komunal merupakan ruang bersama yang terbentuknya atas dasar partisipasi warga. Keruangan yang menjadi dasar dalam kehidupan bersama ditumbuhkan melalui kebersamaan dengan membuat ruang-ruang tersebut untuk kepentingan bersama. Ruang kegiatan keislaman fisik terbagi menjadi dua tempat yaitu kegiatan keislaman di tempat hunian warga dan kegiatan keislaman di fasilitas umum. Pada saat pelaksanaan kegiatan keislaman fisik ruang tersebut akan mengalami perubahan menjadi ruang komunal. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan atau aktivitas, pelaku, waktu, dan atribut ruang yang ada di dalamnya. Penggunaan ruang dalam suatu kegiatan memiliki suatu rangkaian yang menjadikan kegiatan dan pelakunya mempunyai makna, yaitu makna kebersamaan dan keguyuban.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>K</strong><strong>ata Kunci<em>: </em></strong>Ruang Komunal,Kegiatan Keislaman, Pemukiman Pedesaan</p>

COVID-19, the trauma of the ‘real’ and the political import of vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Ghandeharian ◽  
Maggie FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
Rapid Spread

Politics in the neoliberal/modern/Western world is structured based upon the assumption that political subjects are atomistic and self-sufficient; these assumptions suppress and deny (inter) dependency, relationality and vulnerability. Yet, the rapid spread of COVID-19 has devastated many communities, drastically changed political and social life, and foregrounded the ways in which vulnerability is an inescapable fact of our existence. Drawing upon Žižek’s reading of Lacan’s notion of the ‘real’ and the ethics of care, we analyse the COVID-19 pandemic so as to argue that vulnerability must be understood as a fundamental political concept that merits ongoing attention in our political systems.

Does Democracy “Travel”? Some Thoughts on Democracy and Its Cultural Context

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Turner Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Western World ◽  
The West ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Form Of Government

The fundamental question is whether the non-Western world is capable of developing our form of liberal democratic self-government, despite our differences in tradition and culture. The author taps on several critical differences of interpretation of what we consider to be integral to our form of government, such as John Locke's concept of “civil society”; the idea of “pluralism”; and the concept of “inherent human rights” counsel, which have distinctly different meanings in the West compared to those of Central and Eastern Europe. Interestingly, the differences are indicative of the profound cultural and historic differences of the societies engaged in the interpretation and adaption of these ideas. The author is optimistic in the regard of democracy “traveling,” provided that individuals recognize their own identity within the democratic society and acquire practice in exercising their freedoms. In this way, not only will democracy flourish under previously dictatorial regimes, but will continue to persist where it is already established.

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