scholarly journals Jackfruit as an Object of Drying: A Hygroscopic Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 612-620
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Nguyen ◽  
Igor Aleksanyan ◽  
Albert Nugmanov ◽  
Lyubov Titova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermodynamically Equilibrium ◽  
Mathematical Approximation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Relationship

Statics of drying is based on the laws of interaction between the gas medium and the dehydration facility, which seek a thermodynamically equilibrium state. Jackfruit is a wet thermolabile material. With a static equilibrium between the product and the environment, the water content in a hygroscopic state depends on the type of the product, its energy, humidity, and a number of parameters, e.g. temperature and partial pressure of the vapor on the surface. The paper introduces graphical dependences of the activity of water of jackfruit slices on humidity at various ambient temperatures. The authors also give its analogy in semilogarithmic coordinates. It helped to define a range of humidity that determined the type of connection between the moisture of the object and the dry residue. The laws of the mechanism of heat and mass transfer are relevant in determining the dynamics of the dehydration process. Their study can help to intensify the process of moisture removal with rational operating parameters. The present study featured the equilibrium states in the system, which made it possible to find the driving force of moisture transfer and to evaluate the heat carrier potential, as well as to substantiate the values of the parameters and the environment during storage and transportation of the finished dry product. The value of relative moisture content in equilibrium was determined by isothermal sorption curves. The value depends on the pre-treatment of the drying object, the conditions of its contact with the external environment, as well as by the energy and type of relationship between the dry residue and the moisture. The empirical results were arranged in the form of graphical dependences, which made it possible to theoretically obtain their mathematical approximation. The equations of dependence between the equilibrium moisture content of the material and the relative humidity of the vapor-air medium included a lot of constants, which also needed to be determined empirically. The mathematical dependences approximate the isothermal sorption curves, i.e. the relationship between the product’s moisture and water activity indices. The dependences can be used to conduct a thermodynamic analysis of the sorption process and determine the free, bound, and internal energies of the process of moisture absorption by the capillary-porous object of study. The hygroscopic examination of jackfruit is also necessary when making design decisions for the rational implementation of technological operations, including the storage and transportation of dry jackfruit slices.

Assessing Freeze-Thaw Damage in Segmental Retaining Walls Units by Mass Loss, Moisture Gain, and Relative Dynamic Modulus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Cesar T. Chan ◽  
Kenneth C. Hover
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Cast Concrete ◽  
The Relationship

Segmental retaining walls (SRWs) constructed of dry-cast concrete masonry units are used in transportation-related applications for which freeze-thaw (FT) durability is evaluated on the basis of percent mass-loss accumulated after multiple FT cycles as per ASTM C1262. This study compared mass loss, mass gain owing to absorption during (FT) exposure, and relative dynamic modulus (RDM) as per ASTM C215. Application of RDM required accounting for the influence of the shape and moisture content of SRW coupons on resonant frequency, with corrections that are likewise applicable to ASTM C666 for ordinary concrete. It was demonstrated that mass loss does not exclusively indicate surface damage, and the relationship between mass loss and RDM is unique to each specimen. Mass gain (as moisture absorption) during testing emerged as a key index of damage, with rapid escalation of mass loss and reduction in RDM at the number of FT cycles required to increase the moisture content of the residual coupon by about 1%.

scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF CHERRY FRUITS DURING STORAGE BY THE CORRELATION PLEYADE METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
O. V. Vasylyshyna
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Of Correlation

The article shows the relationship between the physicochemical parameters of cherry fruits, pre-treated with polysaccharide compositions, during storage by the method of correlation galaxies. Since cherry fruits spoil quickly, their quality deteriorates after harvest, which leads to microbiological spoilage, weight loss. An important factor in preventing microbiological spoilage of fruits is their proper storage and packaging. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the physicochemical parameters of cherry fruits, pre-treated with polysaccharide compositions, before storage by the method of correlation galaxies. The object of study were the fruits of cherries varieties Alpha and Memory Artemenko. For research, the fruits were sprayed with a solution of salicylic acid; chitosan with salicylic acid, dried, removed at the consumer stage of maturity, laid down for storage. Unprocessed fruits took control. Physico-chemical parameters of cherry fruits during storage are interconnected and form one correlation galaxy in which the main indicator is the intensity of respiration. Pre-treatment with a solution of chitosan with salicylic acid had a positive effect on maintaining the quality of cherry fruits. Significant changes during the storage of cherry fruits occurred during the treatment of chitosan fruits with salicylic acid. Strong correlations were found between the intensity of respiration and the activity of the catalase enzyme (r = −0,95 and −0,93) and the content of tannins and dyes (r = −0,94 and −0,91). The calculations made it possible to derive regression equations that allow predicting the activity of catalase and the content of tannins and dyes of cherry fruits knowing the intensity of respiration of fruits during storage.

scholarly journals An Extended Thickness-Dependent Moisture Absorption Model for Unidirectional Carbon/Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Azisyahirah Azizan ◽  
Mahzan Johar ◽  
Salvinder Singh Karam Singh ◽  
Shahrum Abdullah ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content ◽  
Upper Boundary

Moisture absorption tests for materials that exhibit non-Fickian behavior generally require a relatively long period to reach saturation. Therefore, it would be beneficial to establish a relationship between the moisture content and the thickness to minimize the experimental time and cost. This research characterizes the moisture absorption behavior of AS4/8552 carbon/epoxy composites. Specimens were prepared at 4, 8, and 16 plies and immersed in distilled water at 60 °C. The relationship between the non-Fickian parameters (Fickian to non-Fickian maximum moisture content ratio ϕ, non-Fickian diffusivity per square thickness α, and non-Fickian initiation time to) and thickness was characterized using a thickness-dependent model. A comparison with other materials revealed that all three non-Fickian parameters are able to be fitted using a power law. Nevertheless, the upper boundary for the applicability of this model was not determined in this study. The Weibull distribution plots indicate that the probability of non-Fickian moisture absorption is influenced by ϕ and α at approximately 62% within a normalized thickness range of 2–3. In regards to to, it is 82% at a normalized thickness of 6. Therefore, the Weibull distribution is proposed for the assessment of non-Fickian moisture absorption based on the material’s thickness.

Energetic relationships for crushing of soil clods

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
István Patay ◽  
Virág Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Rigid Support ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Specific Energy Requirement ◽  
The Relationship

Clod crushing is a principal problem with soils of high clay content. Therefore, there is a need for determining the conditions for clod breaking and clod crushing. The objective of the work was to develop a special purpose tool for single clod breaking both by rigid support of the clod and by a single clod supported by soil and to develop a machine for clod crushing. Furthermore, the purpose was to determine the relationship between the specific energy requirement for clod crushing in the function of soil plasticity and the soil moisture content by the means of the developed tool and machine. The main result of the experiments is summarized in a 3D diagram where the specific energy requirement for soil clod crushing is given in the function of the moisture content and the plasticity index for different clay soils.

Actor Relations in Interregional Cooperation Policy Dynamics Case Study: The Banjar Bakula Metropolitan Area Development Program in South Kalimantan Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Taufik Abrain
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Cooperation Policy

Several studies have shown that the success of interregional cooperation may be influenced by coordination, commitment, participation, variance of cooperation, structure, format of cooperation, and political will. Nevertheless, these factors do not stand alone since actor relations as a determining aspect is capable of driving those factors effectively. This article aims to examine the aspect of actor relations as a contributing factor that determines successful cooperation among regions. This is a qualitative research with the policy of inter-regional cooperation of the Banjarbakula Program, South Kalimantan Province from February 2017 to February 2018, set as its object of study. The result of this study states that the success of inter-regional cooperation is influenced by the relationship of actors in development factors as suggested by previous experts. The actors involved in the inter-regional cooperation examined in this case had become triggers of coordination, commitment, and participation toward success and failure, as well as the effectiveness of regional cooperation policy. Structural obstacles, ego-centric character, minimum budget availability, and non-visionary planning could be overcome as long as actor relations were properly managed.

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of moisture content on the contact angle and surface tension measured on birch wood surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Benkreif ◽  
Fatima Zohra Brahmia ◽  
Csilla Csiha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wood Surfaces

AbstractSurface tension of solid wood surfaces affects the wettability and thus the adhesion of various adhesives and wood coatings. By measuring the contact angle of the wood, the surface tension can be calculated based on the Young-Dupré equation. Several publications have reported on contact angle measured with different test liquids, under different conditions. Results can only be compared if the test conditions are similar. While the roles of the drop volume, image shooting time etc., are widely recognized, the role of the wood surface moisture content (MC) is not evaluated in detail. In this study, the effect of wood moisture content on contact angle values, measured with distilled water and diiodomethane, on sanded birch (Betula pendula) surfaces was investigated, in order to find the relationship between them. With increasing MC from approximately 6% to 30%, increasing contact angle (decreasing surface tension) values were measured according to a logarithmic function. The function makes possible the calculation of contact angles that correspond to different MCs.

Shear Strength Monitoring System Based on Measurement of Shear Wave Velocity and Moisture Content

2014 ◽  
Vol 635-637 ◽  
pp. 750-754
Author(s):  
Peng Hu ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Yi Wei Xu ◽  
Nan Ying Shentu ◽  
Quan Yuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Bender Elements ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Soil Shear Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Expound the importance of soil shear strength measurement at mudslide hidden point to release the loss caused by the disaster, explain the relationship between shear wave velocity, moisture content and shear strength, design the shear strength monitoring system combining the shear wave velocity measured by Piezoelectric bender elements and moisture content.

scholarly journals Study on the Moisture Absorption and Thermal Properties of Hygroscopic Exothermic Fibers and Related Interactions with Water Molecules

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Cui ◽  
Shuyi Gao ◽  
Ruiyun Zhang ◽  
Longdi Cheng ◽  
Jianyong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Heating Performance ◽  
Hygroscopic Behavior ◽  
Water Sorption Capacity ◽  
Main Factor

The aim of this paper is to study the hygroscopic behavior of hygroscopic exothermic fiber-based materials and to obtain a better understanding of the thermal performance of these fibers during the moisture absorption process. The temperature distribution of different kinds of hygroscopic exothermic fibers in the process of moisture absorption, observed by infrared camera, demonstrated two types of heating performance of these fibers, which might be related to its hygroscopic behavior. Based on the sorption isotherms, a Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) multi-layer adsorption model was selected as the optimal moisture absorption fitting model to describe the moisture absorption process of these fibers, which illustrated that water sorption capacity and the water–fiber/water–water interaction had a significant influence on its heating performance. The net isosteric heats of sorption decreased with an increase of moisture content, which further explained the main factor affecting the heat dissipation of fibers under different moisture contents. The state of adsorbed water and water vapor interaction on the fiber surface were studied by simultaneous thermal analysis (TGA-DSC) measurement. The percentage of bound and unbound water formation at low and high humidity had a profound effect on the thermal performance of fibers. It can therefore be concluded that the content of tightly bound water a strong water–fiber interaction was the main factor affecting the heating performance of fibers at low moisture content, and the content of loosely bound water reflected that water sorption capacity was the main factor affecting the heating performance of fibers at high moisture content. This was further proven by the heat of desorption.

Size Effect on Mechanical Properties of LVL

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
Qing Fang Lv ◽  
Ji Hong Qin ◽  
Ran Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Relationship

Laminated veneer lumber is taken as an object of study, and use LVL specimens of different sizes for compression test and tensile test. The goal of the experiment is to investigate the size effect on compressive strength and tensile strength as well as the influence of the secondary glued laminated face, which appears in the secondary molding processes. The results show that both compressive strength and tensile strength have the size effect apparently and the existence of the secondary glued laminated face lower the compressive strength of LVL specimens. Afterwards, the relationship between compressive strength and volume along with tensile strength and area are obtained by the test results.

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