scholarly journals The bacteriological quality of drinking water in Haldwani Block of Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Rawat ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jha ◽  
Arundhati Bag ◽  
Monil Singhai ◽  
Chandra Mohan Singh Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Tube Wells

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of water in Haldwani block, Nainital District, India. Stratified random sampling was used to categorize water sources and consumer points. In total, 108 samples were collected: 15 from the Gola river, 51 from water taps, 24 from water treatment plants and 18 from tube wells. Samples were tested for coliforms by the most probable number technique. Identification of species was done by standard procedures. Of 108 water samples, 58.8% were found to be polluted. All samples of water (n = 15) from different sites of the Gola river were found to be highly contaminated. Out of 24 water treatment plant samples, four samples were found unsatisfactory, while more than half (51.6%) of its supplies to water taps were polluted. From tube wells and their water taps, 88.8 and 60% samples were found safe for drinking respectively. Bacterial contamination of water treatment plants and their supplies indicates significant disparities in the efficiency of water treatment processes. Contamination of water taps of tube wells suggests leakage of pipes. There is an urgent need to improve these services to ensure the supply of safe water for consumers.

Application of Neurogenetic Modeling in Optimization of Water Treatment Plant Based on the Temporal Monitoring of Water Input Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Paulami De
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

This article addresses methods to adjust operating requirements in water treatment plants (WTPs) in order to increase the efficiency of water treatment plants based on the nature of the water inflows into the systems. In the past, various studies have suggested that the quality of water inflow into the WTP has an impact on the efficiency and economic viability of operating treatment plants. Among all other quality parameters, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the basic indicators about the overall quality of the water. Identification of a temporal pattern can help the engineers to adapt the WTP operations and can save the unnecessary wasting of plant resources. That is why the present article has proposed a new model that can predict the temporal patterns of various chemical parameters with the help of an analytic neuronal network. The model was applied to the case of a WTP that responds to a peri-urban catchment, leading to regular variations in the DO of water inflow. According to the performance metrics utilized the model was able to predict the temporal pattern at a lag of 1 hour.

Rehabilitation of water treatment plants with operational constrains: a study on turbidity removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Sookhak Lari ◽  
Morteza Kargar
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Long Term Effect

High-rate lamella settlers in clarifiers and triple media filters have been implemented in Isfahan water treatment plant (known as ‘Baba-Sheikh-Ali’) in Iran to upgrade existing clarification/filtration processes during the recent years. The applied technologies are mainly used to reduce finished water turbidity as the primary regional criterion on water quality. However, application of both technologies faced some operational limitations since they began to work. These problems are due to the existing layout of the process units and available materials. The current study focuses on performance of restricted application of the two technologies with respect to turbidity removal. Online measured turbidity data from a two-year field observation (since March 2010) are used. In particular, results show a more promising and long-term effect on turbidity removal due to tripling filter media rather than application of the lamella settlers in clarifiers. The reasons for these observations are discussed.

Detailed experimental and numerical characterization of turbulent flow in components of a water treatment plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2117-2130
Author(s):  
Ivan Matías Ragessi ◽  
Carlos Marcelo García ◽  
Santiago Márquez Damián ◽  
Cecilia Pozzi Piacenza ◽  
Mariano Ignacio Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Recirculation ◽  
Hydraulic Design

Abstract This paper presents a detailed characterization of turbulence in the incoming flow to the clarification component of a water treatment plant, ‘Los Molinos’ (Córdoba, Argentina). The main problems were related to the presence of turbulent flow patterns throughout the treatment, affecting the proper development of the physical processes required for water clarification. Namely: (a) a poor hydraulic design that could produce a non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the flow, recirculation zones and flow stagnation, and a non-uniform discharge distribution among the sedimentation units as a result of different cross-sectional dimensions of the transverse-channel, and (b) high turbulence intensity that affect the flocs' size as well as the efficiency of the settling tanks and filters. Firstly, a detailed in-situ experimental characterization of the turbulent flow was undertaken. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to characterize the flow turbulence, whereas for discharge measurements and mean flow velocity field an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was employed. Secondly, a numerical model, based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the - turbulence closure model, was validated with the experimental data. Finally, based on the results, a diagnosis and recommendations were made for the optimization of the hydraulic design of the water treatment plant.

scholarly journals Characteristics of water sludge from Cracow Water Treatment Plants – case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Gmurkowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

During water treatment a large amount of sludge is created – in the form of sewage and sediments. The largest amounts of sludge are produced during coagulation, ozonation and backwashing rapid filters. The quality and quantity of treated water, the type and dose of used coagulants are factors affecting the quantity, composition and properties of the sludge. Sludge produced during processing of drinking water is important problem and their quantity has been increasing. The study focuses on characteristics of water treatment sludge from four water treatment plants in Cracow. It includes theoretical and experimental part. The first part is based on analysis of literature and information obtained from MPWiK [3]. The second experimental part, concerns the analysis of dry matter, organic dry matter, capillary suction time and visual parameters: the color and consistency of the sludge. Result shows that every sludge contains organic matter. The highest concentrations of organic compounds and the largest diversity has been observed in the sludge collected in the Water Treatment Plant Raba, reaching even up to 70% of organic compounds in the dry mass of sludge.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impacts of Integrated Pollution on Water Quality of the Trans-Boundary Neris (Viliya) River

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Valentukevičienė ◽  
Lina Bagdžiūnaitė-Litvinaitienė ◽  
Viktoras Chadyšas ◽  
Andrius Litvinaitis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
Water Flows

The trans-boundary area between the Europe Union and other countries is highly susceptible to changes in water quality and variations in the potential pollution load that could influence its eco-systems significantly. The Neris (Viliya) River is one of the biggest surface water bodies in Lithuania and Belarus with an ecologically important area protected by international legislation. The study was aimed at evaluating the impacts of integrated pollution on water quality of the Neris River taking into account different storm-water flows and ecological scenarios. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative statistical evaluation was set up and calculation was done; different integrated pollution loads of the catchment area were estimated. The evaluation considered a decrease in river discharge due to changes in the regional storm-water flow and technological development that should lead to the growing covered surface and a reduction in the untreated storm-water flows. The obtained results indicated that, in the case of storm-water treatment, the total nitrate and phosphate concentrations will decrease, while in the cases of changes in combined suspended solid, the concentration of nutrients will decrease. Thus, a trans-boundary storm-water treatment plant of the Viliya River is required as it should eliminate pollution accumulation and restore its acceptable environmental status. A coordinated international project for the entire catchment of the Neris (Viliya) River based on the specifications and requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive (EU 2000) should be developed and implemented. Subsequently, ecological river-use policies should be established at the international level, which should offer considerable perspectives for the sustainable development of the area.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for iron and manganese removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Jader Martínez Girón ◽  
Jenny Vanessa Marín-Rivera ◽  
Mauricio Quintero-Angel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

Population growth and urbanization pose a greater pressure for the treatment of drinking water. Additionally, different treatment units, such as decanters and filters, accumulate high concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which in many cases can be discharged into the environment without any treatment when maintenance is performed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for Fe and Mn removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants, taking a pilot scale wetland with an ascending gravel bed with two types of plants: C. esculenta and P. australis in El Hormiguero (Cali, Colombia), as an example. The pilot system had three upstream vertical wetlands, two of them planted and the third one without a plant used as a control. The wetlands were arranged in parallel and each formed by three gravel beds of different diameter. The results showed no significant difference for the percentage of removal in the three wetlands for turbidity (98 %), Fe (90 %), dissolved Fe (97 %) and Mn (98 %). The dissolved oxygen presented a significant difference between the planted wetlands and the control. C. esculenta had the highest concentration of Fe in the root with (103.5 ± 20.8) µg/g ; while P. australis had the highest average of Fe concentrations in leaves and stem with (45.7 ± 24) µg/g and (41.4 ± 9.1) µg/g, respectively. It is concluded that subsurface wetlands can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment in the maintenance of drinking water treatment plants. However, more research is needed for the use of vegetation or some technologies for the removal or reduction of the pollutant load in wetlands, since each drinking water treatment plant will require a treatment system for wastewater, which in turn requires a wastewater treatment system as well.

scholarly journals Improving chemical cleaning of fouled membranes in a drinking water treatment plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2330-2337
Author(s):  
Susumu Hasegawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Naokazu Wake ◽  
Ryosuke Takagi ◽  
Hideto Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract Recently, membrane filtration systems have become increasingly common in drinking water treatment plants. In this industry, preventing membrane fouling is of utmost importance. Many studies on the relationship between raw water components and membrane fouling have been performed in laboratory conditions. However, very few studies have analyzed the components of foulants on the fouled membrane as operated in actual drinking water treatment plants. By analyzing these components in plant-conditions, membrane fouling will be more effectively prevented. In this study, we analyzed the components of foulants extracted with 0.1 N NaOH from a fouled membrane operated in a drinking water treatment plant in Japan. Our analysis revealed that the main foulants were humic substances. In order to dissolve the accumulated humic substances, additional chemical cleaning was attempted with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite. As a result, it was found that humic substances were dissolved and filtration resistance significantly decreased. Additionally, the removal of inorganic foulants was also greater after chemical cleaning with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite, as inorganic foulants trapped within humic substances were released to the membrane surface as hydroxides by the additional sodium hypochlorite cleaning and were dissolved by the periodic citric acid cleaning.

scholarly journals Effect of Good Hygiene Sanitation and Personal Hygiene Depot Management of Refill Drinking Water on the Quality of Drinking Water Reviewed from Most-Probable-Number Coliform in Kediri

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Indasah Indasah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Hygiene Management

Drinking water is a basic human need and must meet health requirements. Drinking water depots are a means of filling drinking water which is in the process of processing raw water using treatment and sterilization system. Drinking water depots as providers of drinking water must also meet the requirements of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management must also be maintained so that the water produced meets health requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management of refill drinking water depots on the quality of drinking water in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform in Kediri. The research design used was analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The population of all refill drinking water depots in Kediri is 57, with the sampling technique that is Simple Random Sampling, where a portion of refill drinking water depots in Kediri are 50. Data is collected by check list, questionnaire and laboratory examination. The results showed that most of the hygiene sanitation of the drinking water depot had fulfilled the requirements of 77%, the drinking water personal hygiene depot was good as much as 85% and those who met the drinking water requirements were 70%. The results of the hygiene feasibility analysis showed the value of Sig 0.000<0.05 (R=0.935) means that there was an effect of hygiene sanitation quality with water quality in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform. While the personal hygiene value of Sig 0.001 <0.05 (R = 0.528) indicates that there is a personal hygiene influence with water quality in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform. The results of Logistic Regression test showed that there were effects of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management of refill drinking water depots with water quality in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform with a significance value = 0.000 <a 0.05. This shows that the hygiene and the better personal hygiene at refill drinking water depots is increasingly fulfilling water quality requirements in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform

scholarly journals Conventional Water Treatment of Domestic Groundwater Supplies

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
Hussein Hamid Emran Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Sulfate Removal

The important of ground water is increasing in the future as a source of fresh waters; in addition, many countries contain a number of water treatment plants to treat surface water. Using conventional treatment plant in the cities to treat ground water will decrease the cost of ground water treatment and may be help to depend on both surface and ground water supplies. This paper studied the ability of treating ground water by conventional water treatment. The quality of the ground water source is studied in the mention area during study period. The chemical quality of ground water is tested and there is within the standards of drinking water except iron.  The conventional treatment was enhancing quality of treated water by increment of dissolved oxygen concentrations toward optimum value. Water treatment plant was effective for removal of iron from ground water of about 50%, in addition there is an effect of conventional treatment on sulfate removal (sulfate may be increase above standards in some ground water sources). The statistical analysis of data shows there is a correlation between quality parameters of raw and treated water and between iron and sulfate of treated water in the correlation matrix. In addition, confidence test was applied on the correlation coefficients using fisher's transformation .The analysis shows, that there is a positive period (0.244, 0.941) of confidence of 95% of correlation factors of iron and sulfate.

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