Control of odour nuisance in urban areas: the efficiency and social acceptance of the application of masking agents

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Brahim Abed ◽  
Gabriela Markovska ◽  
Thierry Dezenclos ◽  
Aït Amara

This paper presents and discusses the results of the project named ‘Jasmin’ implemented in Algiers to control the strong odours of the river named Oued El Harrach, one of the largest rivers in the centre of the city. Pending the achievement of curative solutions, a temporary option for mitigation of nuisance odour by masking agents was implemented in the vicinity of the main bridges. The efficiency of this technology has been followed by means of an odour panel with the participation of representatives of all stakeholders. A sociological study by means of 1,000 questionnaires and face-to-face interviews of the local population demonstrated the benefits and the positive outcomes of the attenuation of odour nuisance: 70% of the surveyed population is satisfied or very satisfied with the application of masking agents and 96% of respondents support the continuation of the project. In terms of size and public access, the project Jasmin is a world-first demonstration of odour control in urban areas in developing countries.

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Rubén Giménez García ◽  
Ramón García Marín ◽  
José Serrano Martínez ◽  
Manuel Pulido Fernández

The spatial pattern of the urban development recently experienced by large urban areas is significantly changing the traditional city model based on its compactness. It is generating new forms of urban organization that imply morphological, territorial, social, and functional changes. We analyzed the spatial impact generated by the construction of the Altorreal resort in the Murcia region and its effects on the local population (e.g. number of inhabitants). The results obtained highlight the importance of this resort in terms of space and population compared with other neighborhoods of the city.


Author(s):  
Kanteler Despoina ◽  
Katsaros Evangelos ◽  
Bakouros Yiannis

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of death and is regarded as a significant public health issue. Immediate treatment with an automated external defibrillator (AED) increases OHCA patient survival potential. For AEDs to be used and fulfil their lifesaving potential, they need to be in close proximity to the victim and accessible at the time of a cardiac arrest. The current paper sheds light upon an optimized location-allocation method achieving full coverage with immediate accessibility in an urban context given a limited number of available AEDs for deployment using GIS. The case study is the Region of Western Macedonia (RWM) in Greece for a pilot AED placement program for the Governance of RWM. The focus of the current study is the capital city of RWM, Kozani. The initial number of the defibrillators (120) that are needed to be distributed is very small and cannot cover the needs for every major city or rural area in the region. Out of the 120 AEDs, the challenge is to find the minimum required number of AEDs to allocate in the city providing full coverage and accessibility. This paper focuses only on one city, however, the same methodology was applied to allocate AEDs in the other selected cities of the region. The rural dimension and methodology are not in the scope of this paper. <br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Road network data, spatio-temporal analysis of accessibility network, digital elevation model, land uses, population density, seasonal fluctuations and socio-demographic variables were used. GIS algorithms such as spatial analysis, kernel density, hot spot analysis, maximal covering location problem (MCLP) tests, proximity algorithms, buffer zoning, were a few of the tests made in order to find the most efficient positions and maximize coverage keeping in mind that access to an AED until defibrillation time must not exceed the time range of five minutes. <br> <strong>Results</strong>: optimised sites and allocated AEDs in urban areas we managed to achieve full city coverage with 17 AEDs. In every part of the city, people can have access to a nearby AED with its critical radius of less than or equal to 250m achieving defibrillation in the critical period of 5 minutes. The results are promising for the establishment and expansion of optimised AED deployment in cities. <br> <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The progress of the project must be monitored and there are still unresolved problems that need to be tackled to provide a robust allocation of future defibrillators. Further research to enhance our understanding on public access defibrillation and optimize the accessibility and functionality of the medical health care services is needed. A network of engaged and informed citizens ready to act is required for a successful public access defibrillation program.</p>


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marta Wlodarczyk ◽  
Jorge Morarji R. Dias Mascarenhas

Abstract Most of the rehabilitations of river sections with their banks in cities has often been inappropriate. The reason for this is that designers do not understand the natural functioning of a river and they are synthesizing and sterilizing these urban spaces, distorting its natural functioning. Besides, there are clear proofs that these rehabilitations are useless, contributing to the devaluation of the river ecosystem without improving its relationships with the city. The other effect of the water lines destructions are the educational terms, broadcasting a wrong idea of the functioning of the river. This article tries to show briefly, how a river works, what arethe natural characteristicswhich should be valued by a rehabilitation and what has gone wrong in recent rehabilitation works. Using the theoretical drawings, based on examples from real life, and supported by photographs, the authors present also the possible negative consequences of the urban mistakes for the sake of operating of cities. The paper shows some techniques of natural engineering, using natural materials and vegetation that may be employed. This may become a green intervention, making these techniques much more economic and educational, improving life quality thanks to public access to attractive parks and squares by rivers.


2020 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Nataliya Komar

Introduction. Migration is a global phenomenon that has no borders and affects all countries without exception. Subjective and objective reasons determine migration flows in the world. More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. Popular and attractive, with their infrastructure, dynamic labor force market, development of integration and consolidation, inclusion, countries / destination cities of migrants who are looking for a better life and more possibilities for employment and social protection. Cities meet the urgent needs of migrants and respond to amount of integration challenges. The majority of cities, which are under considerable pressure from migrants, especially refugees, are awareness that well-managed migration can bring not only challenges but also opportunities and initiatives which can benefit from the economy and society, especially in the long time period. The goal of the article is to research the European continent as a location for migrants and refugees and also to analyze challenges and opportunities for cities destination under influence of migrant’s flows. Method (methodology). The methodological basis of the article are the following general scientific and empirical methods, such as: historical, systemic, generalization method, grouping, comparative method. Results. According to the ratings, Germany (Berlin), Great Britain (London), France (Paris), Poland (Gdansk) are the most popular countries / cities for migrants in the European continent. Migrants may be a burden to the city, because in its turn mentioned one spends public money on their upkeep. At the same time, migrants may be more talented and skilled workers, less demanding than local population. That is why a government and business of destination city of migrants can cooperate effectively in order to maximize potential of immigrants in cities. The main factors which attract migrants in destination cities are economic opportunities of ones. In particular, the attractiveness of Berlin for migrants is due to the fact that the city is innovative, creative and open to thought. Apart from the city has also dynamic labor market and low labor costs. It is worth noting that the majority of developed countries have demographic issues and aging nation, while young people in developing countries look for work due to imbalances in the domestic labor market. Migration, in the following destination cities (Berlin, Athens, Paris), has made its adjustments in the field of infrastructure, education, health care, urban planning, etc. In particular, the private and public sectors combine own attempts in order to solve migration issues in the long term period.


Author(s):  
Fabiana Calçada de Lamare Leite ◽  
Aline Patrícia Henz

As recentes transformações econômicas, sociais e culturais produzem modificações no planejamento das áreas urbanas, principalmente a disposição de espaços de lazer, também caracterizados como atrativos turísticos. Sendo a cidade um ambiente de encontro, trocas e realizações, associando sua diversificação e possibilidades de apropriação ao dinamismo, a urbanidade torna-se um atributo importante para o estabelecimento e manutenção do convívio social. Na lógica da atividade turística, a cidade é entendida como um produto que deve ter seus atributos desenvolvidos e direcionados à satisfação dos turistas. Para despertar o interesse do visitante, o planejamento local deve utilizar parâmetros de configuração dos instrumentos e equipamentos da cidade. A temática da atratividade associada à visitação, esta estritamente relacionada ao consumo do espaço. Consumo, que pode ser entendido como alvo de conhecimento, interesse em vivenciar determinado espaço com suas particularidades que o identificam, despertando a motivação em usufruir de suas singularidades. O objetivo central deste artigo é qualificar os principais parques urbanos de Curitiba apresentados como atrativos turísticos, no entendimento de que esta disposição espacial somada a oferta de serviços e infraestrutura potencializam sua atratividade para a atividade turística. De acordo com a Prefeitura Municipal, Curitiba dispõe de 17 parques urbanos (PMC, 2007), no entanto, esse trabalho limita-se a apresentar oito parques que estão inseridos no roteiro realizado pela Linha Turismo. A escolha desse universo justifica-se pelo fato de que essas localidades são atendidas pela Linha Turismo, um serviço turístico já consolidado na cidade que atende a diversos pontos, agregando atratividade e valor turístico por sua funcionalidade. A metodologia é de abordagem qualitativa e como técnicas, a pesquisa utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e observação direta. Foi possível demonstrar que a lógica de organização da cidade, esta cada vez mais relacionada a lógica da atividade turística e que, é interesse de ambas a integração e a socialização de interesses. O planejamento da cidade ocorrendo de maneira articulada ao planejamento do turismo é a condição para a ocorrência de um turismo atrativo e competitivo para a localidade. Além disso, as duas práticas ocorrendo de maneira articulada podem beneficiar o desenvolvimento local, influenciando na qualidade de vida da população local e, consequentemente, beneficiando a atividade turística. Urban Parks at Curitiba (PR, Brazil): Spatiality, Planning and Tourism ABSTRACT Recent economical, social and cultural transformations are causing changes on the planning of urban areas, mainly those relative to the disposition of leisure spaces, also characterized as touristic attractions. As the city is an environment of encounter, exchange and fulfillments, with its diversity and appropriation possibilities being associated to dynamism, urbanism becomes an important asset for the establishment and maintenance of social cohabitation. Under the logics of touristic activity, cities are comprehended as a product that requires its attributes to be developed and directed towards the satisfaction of tourists. So as to stimulate the visitor’s interest, local planning must apply configuration parameters of the city´s instruments and equipment. The issue about attractiveness in relation to visits, is strictly linked to space consumption. Consumption can be understood as the aim for knowledge, the interest to enjoy certain space with the characteristics that make it particular, motivating towards the use of its singularities. The main objective of this article is to describe the main urban parks of Curitiba presented as tourist attractions, which are presented as touristic attractions, as it is considered that such a spatial disposition, added to a service and infrastructure offer, augment their attractiveness for touristic activities. According to the Municipal Mayor´s office, Curitiba has seventeen (17) urban parks (PMC, 2016), however this research is limited to eight parks that are included in the itinerary deigned by the Linha Turismo. The selection of this universe is justified by the fact that they are places attended by the Linha Turismo, a consolidated touristic service in the city, which attends different spots, adding attractiveness and touristic value due to its functionality. It was possible to demonstrate that the city´s configuration logic is increasingly related to touristic activity, and that both issues appreciate the integration and socialization of interests. City planning, when articulated to tourism planning, is the basic condition to accomplish a touristic attractiveness and competitiveness for such a place. Furthermore, when both practices are articulated in their evolution, they benefit local development, thus having an impact on the wealth of the local population, and also benefitting touristic activity. KEYWORDS: Tourism; Planning; Urban Parks; Curitiba (PR, Brazil).


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Mikhail I. Zhabskiy ◽  
Faina V. Novoselova ◽  
Кirill А. Tarasov

The parasocial relation is a reality of interaction of the communica- tor, integrated into a complex media structure, and of his fans. The relationship between them are regulated not by a mutuality of rights and obligations. The film star as a communicator addresses a (de facto) anonymous audience. At the same time the formers message is received, pondered upon and mastered individually which engenders the spectators impression of a face-to-face interaction. In the capacity of a film star the given actor comes on as a good virtual acquaintance for a large number of the audience, kindred to them in spirit, bringing out their amicability, a desire to become actually acquainted. In pursuit of commercial goals, the film industry purposefully constructs and utilizes this feature of an actor. Fielding itself on the screen in a specific social role, the film star thanks to the fans parasocial relation to it promotes for the mass consciousness behavior patterns, norms and values of the given society that are embodied in it. The article adduces sociological evidence for the transplantation in the transit period of the 1990s into young Russians mass consciousness of values disseminated by Western cinema. The film star also constitutes a factor of the competitiveness of a given cinematography on a given spectator market. In this regard the Russian cinema loses to Hollywood on its home market. As a sociological study has shown (the city of Kirov, 2016), Russian-filmgoer rating of stars is headed by American masters: Johnny Depp with 60% of the spectator votes; Leonardo Di Caprio 58%; Anjelina Joli 56%. The top three of Russian actors noticeably lag behind: Sergey Bezrukov 55%, Daniil Kozlovsky 44%; Konstantin Khabensky 43%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8367
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Corazza ◽  
Giordano Carassiti

The maturity of a city to operate a Mobility as a Service (MaaS) ecosystem has been often analyzed in the literature. This and the consideration that MaaS is mostly found in areas with long-enforced transit-oriented policies and efficient multimodal supply raise the research question of whether it would be possible to operate MaaS in urban areas where mobility management is addressed according, on the contrary, to a conservative approach. A field study developed in Rome as a case in point, aimed at analyzing the actual feasibility of local MaaS operations, indicates that limitations are due to the citizens’ low willingness to pay. This is originated by a general underestimation of transit costs and made harsher by the inveterate use of passenger cars as the prevailing modal choice. The paper analyzes the results achieved, collected via a questionnaire, and highlights additional barriers to implement MaaS strictly related to its social acceptance, rather than to its technical viability, as to which the city, instead, is mature. The lesson learnt is that MaaS might be operationally (or technically) feasible even in challenging contexts, like Rome’s, but the prerequisite is to create supporting policies, for which a number of actions are outlined and elaborated, with the research goal to advance knowledge in this field, especially for decision-makers and potential stakeholders who might perceive MaaS as a too-demanding option for the context they operate in.


Author(s):  
Waldir Leonel ◽  
Mercedes Abid Mercante ◽  
José Sabino ◽  
Mauro Henrique Soares da Silva ◽  
Milton Augusto Pasquotto Mariano

O Município de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, tem desenvolvido a atividade de turismo desde o início dos anos 1990, levando à necessidade de infraestrutura física e turística para atender às demandas do fluxo de turistas, bem como à população local. Essas ações influenciam na mudança da paisagem. O referencial teórico suscitou questionamentos sobre a atividade do turismo praticado no Município. Para abranger as diversas variáveis que interferem no destino turístico, esta investigação utilizará uma proposta metodológica fundamentada nos conceitos de Geossistema–Território–Paisagem (GTP). Com a aplicação deste modelo, os aspectos do geossistema, do território e da paisagem são elementos intrínsecos que envolvem a sociedade em sua ampla discussão, visto a necessidade de se compreender o processo social e ambiental na constituição desses elementos. Busca-se analisar de forma multitemporal a dinâmica da mudança da paisagem e suas influências na evolução do turismo em Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, o qual teve um rápido desenvolvimento, no estabelecimento de empreendimentos turísticos, nos últimos 30 anos, apresentando diferentes impactos antrópicos que possam comprometer a sua qualidade ambiental. Assim, buscou-se compreender a dinâmica de evolução, no meio rural e urbano do Município, por meio da identificação de aspectos relacionados às mudanças da paisagem. Foram analisados dados elaborados inicialmente em gabinete, na confecção de mapas-base, utilizando o SPRING 5.2.6 (Sistema de Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas). Após esta etapa, foi realizado o trabalho de campo, com registros de notas e de fotografias. Os dados levantados foram agrupados e sistematizados por categorias que contêm informações que atendam aos objetivos do Modelo GTP. Dessa forma, os resultados contribuem para avaliar a trajetória do cenário local e realizar reflexões sobre as influências sofridas pela atividade econômica ali estudada, notadamente o turismo. Verificou-se nas imagens grande alteração no uso do solo, havendo decréscimo de vegetação em geral, corpo hídrico e solo exposto, aumento da vegetação de pastagens, área urbana, de atrativos turísticos e de lavouras temporárias. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças entre os anos de 1984 e 2014 na mudança da paisagem. As análises multitemporais contribuíram na compreensão da necessidade do planejamento em relação ao uso e ocupação de determinadas áreas, minimizando impactos decorrentes das ações antrópicas. Relationship between tourism and landscape dynamics in Bonito (MS, Brazil) in view of the GTP model (Geosystem-Territory-Landscape) ABSTRACT The city of Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, has developed the tourism activity since the early 1990s, influencing the need for physical infrastructure and tourism to meet the demands of the flow of tourists and the local population. These actions influence the changing landscape. The theoretical framework has raised questions about the tourism activity practiced in the city. To cover the different variables that affect the tourist destination, this research uses a methodology based on the concepts of Geosystem-Territory-Landscape (GTP). With the application of this model, aspects of geosystem, territory and landscape are intrinsic elements involving society in their broad discussion, as the need to understand the social and environmental process in the formation of these elements. Seeks to analyze multi-temporal shape the landscape changing dynamics and their influence on the evolution of tourism in Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, which had a rapid development in the establishment of tourism enterprises in the last 30 years, with different human impacts, that might compromise their environmental quality. Like this, we sought to understand the dynamics of development in rural and urban areas of the municipality, through the identification of aspects related to landscape changes. Data were analyzed initially developed in office, in the preparation of base maps using the 5.2.6 SPRING (Georeferenced Information Processing System). After this step was carried out fieldwork, with records of notes and photographs. The collected data were grouped and systematized by category containing information that meets the objectives of the GTP Model. In this way, the results contribute to evaluate the trajectory of the local scene and conduct reflections on the influences suffered by economic activity there studied, notably: tourism. It was the major change images in land use, with decrease of vegetation in general, water body and exposed soil, increasing vegetation pastures, urban, tourist attractions and temporary crops. The results showed differences between the years 1984 and 2014 in changing the landscape. The multi-temporal analysis contributed to the understanding of the need for planning in relation to the use and occupation of certain areas, minimizing impacts of anthropic actions. KEYWORDS: Society; Environment; GTP, Tourism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Pallavi Dalal ◽  
Sunita Kothari

Lakefront in the densely populated area is a place of relish, where people can enjoy and relax. As these kinds of areas are famous in urban context to provide ample visual and physical public access to water and land. The immediate alliance between settlement and water is inherent since decades, as many urban areas in the world located near to the waterfront. All these areas are directly or indirectly dependent on water for their day to day survival. Since last two decades development strategies are shifting from agriculture to industrial, these bring extensive changes in lakefront development. In precise, lakefront has become less significant for human life. This paper discusses the extensive phenomenon of lakefront development in Thane city, which is known as the “City of Lakes”, because of manifold lakes found over there. At present most of the lakes present in city are at the verge of disappearance due to reckless development. Therefore it is necessary to emphasize at historical and social aspect of lakes taking into account the overall picture and presenting the opportunities to integrate and emphasize multidisciplinary approach with social and cultural life of people.


Author(s):  
Alice Kozumplíková ◽  
Ludmila Floková ◽  
Dana Hübelová

For development strategic planning in urban areas, it is important to take into account, that the area is not homogenous in terms of economic, social or environmental. Ensuring fair authority’s approach is crucial for sustainable development of the area. An environmental quality index for city districts of Brno is proposed in this study. The aim of this study is to create an index, which uses public data and enables identification of city districts, which show higher vulnerability to environmental injustice. Employing GIS, data, which represent both environmental benefits, such as green and blue infrastructure, as well as environmental burden, e. g. air pollutants and noise level, was processed. Then the composite indicator was constructed. The case study showed that two basic areas can be distinguished within the city of Brno. In the northern part, urban areas with higher index values are clustered, which shows that the environmental benefits outweigh the burden. On the other hand, in the south there are city districts with a lower index value. This means that the environmental burden here is high and is not balanced by environmental benefits, which is a cause of an overall deterioration of amenities of the local population. Thus, a higher risk of environmental injustice can be identified here.


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