Effects of different culture media on biodegradation of triclosan by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Penicillium sp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Ertit Taştan ◽  
Caner Özdemir ◽  
Turgay Tekinay
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Penicillium Sp

Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent and a persistent pollutant. The biodegradation of triclosan is dependent on many variables including the biodegradation organism and the environmental conditions. Here, we evaluated the triclosan degradation potential of two fungi strains, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Penicillium sp., and the rate of its turnover to 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Both of these strains showed less susceptibility to triclosan when grown in minimal salt medium. In order to further evaluate the effects of environmental conditions on triclosan degradation, three different culture conditions including original thermal power plant wastewater, T6 nutrimedia and ammonium mineral salts medium were used. The maximum triclosan degradation yield was 48% for R. mucilaginosa and 82% for Penicillium sp. at 2.7 mg/L triclosan concentration. Biodegradation experiments revealed that Penicillium sp. was more tolerant to triclosan. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs also showed the morphological changes of fungus when cells were treated with triclosan. Overall, these fungi strains could be used as effective microorganisms in active uptake (degradation) and passive uptake (sorption) of triclosan and their efficiency can be increased by optimizing the culture conditions.

292 MULTILINEAGE POTENTIAL OF CANINE MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM BONE MARROW

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
H. J. Song ◽  
E. J. Kang ◽  
B. G. Jeon ◽  
G. J. Rho
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Cell Therapies

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow have unique self-renewal capability for multilineage differentiation and show promise in the field of medicine for cell therapies and tissue engineering. In the present study, we examined the maintenance of cell populations and the differentiation ability of canine MSCs into mesodermal lineages, oesteoblasts and adipocytes, under different culture conditions. MSCs isolated from bone marrow by Ficoll gradient treatment were cultured in (1) ADMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (basic medium), (2) basic medium supplemented with 10 ng mL–1 basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), (3) basic medium supplemented with 1000 IU mL–1 human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF), and (4) basic medium supplemented with 10 ng mL–1 bFGF and 1000 IU LIF. In Experiment 1, under a phasecontrast microscope (40�), morphological changes of MSC populations, including the appearance of more spherical shapes and extending processes arranged into network-like structures, were observed in all media with cytokines added, but not in basic medium. In Experiment 2, MSCs cultured under different conditions at 3–5 passages were induced into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, and their characteristics were evaluated based on the formation of mineral nodules by alkaline phosphatase-positive cells, von Kossa and alizarin red staining of osteoblasts, and oil red O staining of lipid vacuoles following the protocol described earlier (Jin et al. 2007 Int. J. Dev. Biol. 51, 85–90). Only MSCs cultured in basic medium were successfully differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes. In conclusion, this study indicates that supplementation of culture media with cytokines might have a negative effect on the pluripotency maintenance of canine MSCs. Further studies are required to evaluate more characteristics of gene expression in canine MSCs.

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of Frontonia leucas (Ehrenberg) (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Hymenostomatida) under different environmental conditions in a lotic system

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 758-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Júnio P. Dias ◽  
Marta D'Agosto
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Ciliary Action ◽  
Lotic System

The objective of this study was to record and describe the morphological changes and the ingestion mechanisms of Frontonia leucas (Ehrenberg, 1833) according to the food type and to relate the food ingested with the different environmental conditions in a lotic system, namely São Pedro stream, located in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We sampled three points on a monthly basis from August 2002 to June 2003, each of which receiving different levels of untreated sewage. We prepared culture media for the ciliate specimens containing filtered water from each point and the types of food observed inside F. leucas (cyanobacteria, diatoms, desmids and testate amoebas). We observed the ingestion mechanisms of F. leucas in vivo, under a phase contrast optical microscope, using instantaneous sampling and sequence sampling as behavior observation methods, noting the following parameters: dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, conductivity and water temperature. We noted the F. leucas ciliates ingesting diatoms and desmids at collection point 1 and filamentous cyanobacteria, testate amoebas (Arcella and Centropyxis) and rotifers at points 2 and 3. The present work records for the first time the ingestion of testate amoebas of the genus Centropyxis by F. leucas. We noted five ingestion mechanisms by F. leucas while feeding on cyanobacteria and testate amoebas of the genus Centropyxis, three of these related to the ciliary action and two involving physical changes in the cytoplasm. For ingestion of diatoms, desmid (Closterium) and Arcella, the mechanisms involving ciliary action alone were sufficient for ingestion, since these preys are smaller than the ciliate under study. The autecological data registered for F. leucas were 1.98-8.01 mg l-1 O2, pH 6.9-8.73, 58-390 µS/cm and 19.5-26.2ºC, confirming its ample ecological valence.

scholarly journals Rapid Metabolome and Bioactivity Profiling of Fungi Associated with the Leaf and Rhizosphere of the Baltic Seagrass Zostera marina

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Erik Petersen ◽  
Michael Marner ◽  
Antje Labes ◽  
Deniz Tasdemir
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
The Baltic

Zostera marina (eelgrass) is a marine foundation species with key ecological roles in coastal habitats. Its bacterial microbiota has been well studied, but very little is known about its mycobiome. In this study, we have isolated and identified 13 fungal strains, dominated by Penicillium species (10 strains), from the leaf and the root rhizosphere of Baltic Z. marina. The organic extracts of the fungi that were cultured by an OSMAC (One-Strain–Many-Compounds) regime using five liquid culture media under both static and shaking conditions were investigated for their chemical and bioactivity profiles. All extracts showed strong anti-quorum sensing activity, and the majority of the Penicillium extracts displayed antimicrobial or anti-biofilm activity against Gram-negative environmental marine and human pathogens. HPLC-DAD-MS-based rapid metabolome analyses of the extracts indicated the high influence of culture conditions on the secondary metabolite (SM) profiles. Among 69 compounds detected in all Penicillium sp. extracts, 46 were successfully dereplicated. Analysis of SM relatedness in culture conditions by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed generally low similarity and showed a strong effect of medium selection on chemical profiles of Penicillium sp. This is the first study assessing both the metabolite and bioactivity profile of the fungi associated with Baltic eelgrass Z. marina.

Ultrastructural Study of a differentiating human colon carcinoma cell line

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Sylvie Polak-Charcon ◽  
Mehrdad Hekmati ◽  
Yehuda Ben Shaul
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Human Colon Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Colon Cell

The epithelium of normal human colon mucosa “in vivo” exhibits a gradual pattern of differentiation as undifferentiated stem cells from the base of the crypt of “lieberkuhn” rapidly divide, differentiate and migrate toward the free surface. The major differentiated cell type of the intestine observed are: absorptive cells displaying brush border, goblet cells containing mucous granules, Paneth and endocrine cells containing dense secretory granules. These different cell types are also found in the intestine of the 13-14 week old embryo.We present here morphological evidence showing that HT29, an adenocarcinoma of the human colon cell line, can differentiate into various cell types by changing the growth and culture conditions and mimic morphological changes found during development of the intestine in the human embryo.HT29 cells grown in tissue-culture dishes in DMEM and 10% FCS form at late confluence a multilayer of morphologically undifferentiated cell culture covered with irregular microvilli, and devoid of tight junctions (Figs 1-3).

Modulation effects of hexamethylene bisacetamide on growth and differentiation of cultured human malignant glioma cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Nan Li ◽  
Zi-Wei Du ◽  
Qiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hexamethylene Bisacetamide ◽  
Human Malignant Glioma

✓ The modulation effects of hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), a differentiation-inducing agent, on growth and differentiation of cells from human malignant glioma cell line SHG-44 were studied. At cytostatic doses (2.5 mM, 5 mM, 7.5 mM, and 10 mM for 15 days), HMBA exerted a marked inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Exposure to HMBA (5 mM and 10 mM for 12 days) also resulted in an accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase and a decrease of cells in S phase as analyzed by flow cytometry. The reversible effects of 7.5 mM HMBA and 10 mM HMBA on cell proliferation and 10 mM HMBA on disruption of cell cycle distribution were observed when HMBA was removed from culture media on Day 6 and replaced with HMBA-free media. Colony-forming efficiency (CFE) in soft agar was remarkably decreased by HMBA (2.5 mM, 5 mM, 7.5 mM, and 10 mM for 14 days), and in 7.5 mM HMBA— and 10 mM HMBA—treated cells, the CFEs were reduced to 25% and 12.5%, respectively, of that in untreated cells. Cells treated with HMBA (5 mM and 10 mM for 15 days) remained tumorigenic in athymic nude mice, but the growth rates of the xenografts were much slower than those in the control group. The effects of HMBA on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, CFE, and growth of xenografts were dose dependent. A more mature phenotype was confirmed by the morphological changes from spindle shape to large polygonal stellate shape and remarkably elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in cells exposed to HMBA (5 mM, 10 mM for 15 days). Our results showed that a more differentiated phenotype with marked growth arrest was induced in SHG-44 cells by HMBA.

scholarly journals Characterization of Drug-Resistant Lipid-Dependent Differentially Detectable Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3249
Author(s):  
Annelies W. Mesman ◽  
Seung-Hun Baek ◽  
Chuan-Chin Huang ◽  
Young-Mi Kim ◽  
Sang-Nae Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Lipid Resuscitation

An estimated 15–20% of patients who are treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are culture-negative at the time of diagnosis. Recent work has focused on the existence of differentially detectable Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli that do not grow under routine solid culture conditions without the addition of supplementary stimuli. We identified a cohort of TB patients in Lima, Peru, in whom acid-fast bacilli could be detected by sputum smear microscopy, but from whom Mtb could not be grown in standard solid culture media. When we attempted to re-grow Mtb from the frozen sputum samples of these patients, we found that 10 out of 15 could be grown in a glycerol-poor/lipid-rich medium. These fell into the following two groups: a subset that could be regrown in glycerol after “lipid-resuscitation”, and a group that displayed a heritable glycerol-sensitive phenotype that were unable to grow in the presence of this carbon source. Notably, all of the glycerol-sensitive strains were found to be multidrug resistant. Although whole-genome sequencing of the lipid-resuscitated strains identified 20 unique mutations compared to closely related strains, no single genetic lesion could be associated with this phenotype. In summary, we found that lipid-based media effectively fostered the growth of Mtb from a series of sputum smear-positive samples that were not culturable in glycerol-based Lowenstein–Jensen or 7H9 media, which is consistent with Mtb’s known preference for non-glycolytic sources during infection. Analysis of the recovered strains demonstrated that both genetic and non-genetic mechanisms contribute to the observed differential capturability, and suggested that this phenotype may be associated with drug resistance.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Conditions on Nephron Number: Modeling Maternal Disease and Epigenetic Regulation in Renal Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4157
Author(s):  
Lars Fuhrmann ◽  
Saskia Lindner ◽  
Alexander-Thomas Hauser ◽  
Clemens Höse ◽  
Oliver Kretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Renal Development ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Renal Size ◽  
Maternal Disease

A growing body of evidence suggests that low nephron numbers at birth can increase the risk of chronic kidney disease or hypertension later in life. Environmental stressors, such as maternal malnutrition, medication and smoking, can influence renal size at birth. Using metanephric organ cultures to model single-variable environmental conditions, models of maternal disease were evaluated for patterns of developmental impairment. While hyperthermia had limited effects on renal development, fetal iron deficiency was associated with severe impairment of renal growth and nephrogenesis with an all-proximal phenotype. Culturing kidney explants under high glucose conditions led to cellular and transcriptomic changes resembling human diabetic nephropathy. Short-term high glucose culture conditions were sufficient for long-term alterations in DNA methylation-associated epigenetic memory. Finally, the role of epigenetic modifiers in renal development was tested using a small compound library. Among the selected epigenetic inhibitors, various compounds elicited an effect on renal growth, such as HDAC (entinostat, TH39), histone demethylase (deferasirox, deferoxamine) and histone methyltransferase (cyproheptadine) inhibitors. Thus, metanephric organ cultures provide a valuable system for studying metabolic conditions and a tool for screening for epigenetic modifiers in renal development.

Biophysical stimulation for in vitro engineering of functional cardiac tissues

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (13) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Korolj ◽  
Erika Yan Wang ◽  
Robert A. Civitarese ◽  
Milica Radisic
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Cardiac Lineage ◽  
And Function ◽  
Tissue Models

Engineering functional cardiac tissues remains an ongoing significant challenge due to the complexity of the native environment. However, our growing understanding of key parameters of the in vivo cardiac microenvironment and our ability to replicate those parameters in vitro are resulting in the development of increasingly sophisticated models of engineered cardiac tissues (ECT). This review examines some of the most relevant parameters that may be applied in culture leading to higher fidelity cardiac tissue models. These include the biochemical composition of culture media and cardiac lineage specification, co-culture conditions, electrical and mechanical stimulation, and the application of hydrogels, various biomaterials, and scaffolds. The review will also summarize some of the recent functional human tissue models that have been developed for in vivo and in vitro applications. Ultimately, the creation of sophisticated ECT that replicate native structure and function will be instrumental in advancing cell-based therapeutics and in providing advanced models for drug discovery and testing.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of the pyrethroid pesticide cyfluthrin by the halophilic bacterium Photobacterium ganghwense isolated from coral reef ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Jayasree ◽  
K. S. Sobhana ◽  
Priyanka Poulose ◽  
Keerthi R. Babu ◽  
S. Jasmine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Mineral Medium ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticide ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Epinephelus Malabaricus

A halophilic bacterial strain T14 isolated from the mucus of coral Acropora sp. was found to be highly effective in degrading the pyrethroid pesticide, cyfluthrin. T14 was identified as Photobacterium ganghwense (GenBank Accession No. MT360254) based on phenotypic and biochemical characteristics as well as by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The pyrethroid degrading efficiency of P. ganghwense T14 strain was examined under different culture conditions. It was observed that P. ganghwense T14 was able to utilise cyfluthrin as a sole carbon source and was found to grow on mineral medium with pesticide concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg l-1. Optimal temperature and pH conditions for efficient cyfluthrin degradation by P. ganghwense T14 were determined as 30° C and 8 respectively. Degradation of cyfluthrin by P. ganghwense T14 was quantitated by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Mineral medium supplemented with 100 mg l-1 cyfluthrin and inoculated with P. ganghwense T14 (106 cells ml-1) recorded 92.13% pesticide decomposition within 120 h. Cytotoxicity assay on a fish cell line EM4SpEx derived from the grouper Epinephelus malabaricus, revealed a drastic reduction in cyfluthrin toxicity as evidenced by reduction in the intensity of cell destruction as well as morphological changes when exposed to P. ganghwense T14 treated filtrate, in comparison with that of parent cyfluthrin filtrate. Results of the study clearly indicated potential bioremediative use of P. ganghwense T14 in cyfluthrin contaminated sites.

scholarly journals BCG Substrains Change Their Outermost Surface as a Function of Growth Media

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sandra Guallar-Garrido ◽  
Farners Almiñana-Rapún ◽  
Víctor Campo-Pérez ◽  
Eduard Torrents ◽  
Marina Luquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Outermost Surface ◽  
Red Dye

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) efficacy as an immunotherapy tool can be influenced by the genetic background or immune status of the treated population and by the BCG substrain used. BCG comprises several substrains with genetic differences that elicit diverse phenotypic characteristics. Moreover, modifications of phenotypic characteristics can be influenced by culture conditions. However, several culture media formulations are used worldwide to produce BCG. To elucidate the influence of growth conditions on BCG characteristics, five different substrains were grown on two culture media, and the lipidic profile and physico-chemical properties were evaluated. Our results show that each BCG substrain displays a variety of lipidic profiles on the outermost surface depending on the growth conditions. These modifications lead to a breadth of hydrophobicity patterns and a different ability to reduce neutral red dye within the same BCG substrain, suggesting the influence of BCG growth conditions on the interaction between BCG cells and host cells.

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