Removal of lead (II) from aqueous solutions using rice straw

Lead (Pb2+) is a heavy metal which is utilized in several industries and can have severe impact on the environment and human health. Research work has been carried out lately on the feasibility of using various low cost materials in the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. In this study, the feasibility of utilizing raw rice straw for removal of Pb2+ from water through biosorption was investigated using batch equilibrium experiments. The effect of several operating parameters on the removal of Pb2+ using rice straw was studied, revealing the optimum parameters at an initial Pb2+ concentration of 40 mg/l were: 30 min contact time at a pH of 5.5, particle size 75–150 μm and a dose of 4 g/l. A maximum removal of 94% was achieved under optimum conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used for the evaluation of the equilibrium experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity of rice straw calculated using the Langmuir isotherm was 42.55 mg/g.

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REACTIVE AZO DYE ADSORPTION USING ZEOLITIC MATERIAL: CONTACT TIME, pH, TEMPERATURE AND EFFECT OF SALTS

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v9.n17.2011.48_periodico17_pgs_48_59.pdf ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 09 (17) ◽

pp. 48-59

Author(s):

Carina Pitwak MAGDALENA ◽

Denise Alves FUNGARO ◽

Patricia CUNICO

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Coal Ash ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Reactive Dye ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Synthetic Dyes

Textile effluents, when not correctly treated, cause a high impact to the environment. The synthetic dyes are used in the fibber dying process, but part of them is discarded to receiving water body. The adsorption is a technique that has been used successfully for an effective removal of color. In this work, the adsorption of reactive dye Remazol Red RB from aqueous solution using zeolite of coal ash as low cost adsorbent was studied. The zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with NaOH solution. The effect of experimental parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature and adding salt was investigated. The kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficients > 0.99. The equilibrium was reached after 360 min of contact time. The experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of zeolite of coal ash for Remazol Vermelho RB was 1.20 mg g-1 with adsorption efficiency between 75 and 91%. The dye adsorption was more efficient in the presence of salts.

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ADSORPTION OF FLUORIDE USING SIO2 NANOPARTICLES AS ADSORBENT

International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research ◽

10.29121/ijetmr.v2.i2.2015.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Davoud Balarak ◽

Yousef Mahdavi ◽

Ali Joghatayi

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Contact Time ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Second Order ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

High Doses

Presence of Fluoride in water is safe and effective when used as directed, but it can be harmful at high doses. In the present paper SiO2 nanoparticles as a adsorbent is used for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. The effect of various operating parameters such as initial concentration of F-, Contact time, adsorbent dosage and pH were investigated. Equilibrium isotherms were used to identify the possible mechanism of the adsorption process. Maximum adsorption capacity of the SiO2 nanoparticles was 49.95 mg/g at PH=6, contact time 20 min, initial concentration of 25 mg/L, and 25±2 ◦C temperatures, when 99.4% of Fwere removed. The adsorption equilibriums were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that the data fitted to Langmuir (R2=0.992) better than Freundlich (R2=0.943) model. Kinetic analyses were conducted using pseudo first-and second-order models. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by a pseudo second-order model. These results indicate that SiO2 nanoparticles can be used as an effective, low-cost adsorbent to remove fluoride from aqueous solution.

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Biosorption of Basic Textile Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Pongamia pinnata as Adsorbent

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.877.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 877 ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Bhargavi Gunturu ◽

Geethalakshmi Ramakrishnan ◽

Renganathan Sahadevan

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Methylene Blue ◽

Low Cost ◽

Mass Transfer Rate ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Dye Uptake ◽

Adsorption Parameters

In the present study, the efficiency of biosorbent derived form Pongamiapinata to remove a basic textile dye Methylene Blue from an aqueous solution was evaluated in batch system. The influence of adsorption parameters such as biosorbent dosage (0.2-1.0g/L), PH (2-10) and initial dye concentration (30-110 mg/L) on the biosorption process was studied. It was noticed that adsorbent dosage has negative effect on dye uptake, could be due to reduced mass transfer rate of dye on to adsorbent. High equilibrium uptake was observed at PH 8. However, initial dye concentration has shown linear relationship with dye uptake. As the dye concentration increases, the number of dye molecules available to be adsorbed on to adsorbent surface increases. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of methylene blue was analyzed through Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The data best fit with Freundlich model than Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting the adsorption was by multilayer mechanism. Maximum adsorption capacity (Q ̊) was found to be 40.49mg/g. It can be concluded from the study that the adsorbent derived from P.pinnata can be a potential low cost competent of activated carbon for textile dyes removal.

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Biochars derived from bamboo and rice straw for sorption of basic red dyes

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254637

Author(s):

Ebenezer Ampofo Sackey ◽

Yali Song ◽

Ya Yu ◽

Haifeng Zhuang

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Second Order ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Acceptor Interaction ◽

Equilibrium Data ◽

Pseudo Second Order

The primary purpose of this study is to eliminate Basic Red 46 dye from aqueous solutions utilizing batch experiments by adsorption on biochars prepared from bamboo and rice straw biomass. Biochars prepared from bamboo (B), and rice straw (R) was pyrolyzed at 500°C (B500 and R500). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and surface area and porosity analyzers were used to characterize the B500 and R500 samples. The characterization results indicated that the biochars possessed an amorphous porous structure with many functional groups consisting primarily of silicates. The adsorption rate of BR46 was evaluated using two kinetic models (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order), and the results indicated that the pseudo-second-order model fitted to the experimental data well (R2>0.99). Nearly 24 h was sufficient to achieve equilibrium with the dye adsorption for the two biochars. R500 had a greater adsorption efficiency than B500. As pH levels increased, the dye’s adsorption capability increased as well. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to investigate the equilibrium behavior of BR46 adsorption, and the equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model (R2>0.99) compared to the Freundlich model (R2>0.89). The maximum adsorption capacities of BR46 are 9.06 mg/g for B500 and 22.12 mg/g for R500, respectively. Additionally, adsorption capacity increased as temperature increased, indicating that adsorption is favored at higher temperatures. The electrostatic interaction is shown to be the dominant mechanism of BR46 adsorption, and BR46 acts as an electron-acceptor, contributing to n-π EDA (Electron Donor-Acceptor) interaction. Thermodynamic parameters for the dye-adsorbent system revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and feasible. The values of the adsorption coefficient (Kd) were on the order of 102−103. Kd of R500 was greater than that of B500, indicating that R500 had a greater adsorption capacity. The results showed that R500 could be used as a low-cost alternative adsorbent for removing BR46 from effluents.

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BIJI BUAH BISBUL (Diospyros blancoi) SEBAGAI BIOSORBEN Cr(III)

Jurnal Sains Natural ◽

10.31938/jsn.v8i2.157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Nina Ariesta ◽

Risansyah Rifansyah ◽

Dian Arrisujaya ◽

Mamay Maslahat

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Low Cost ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Adsorption Efficiency ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Batch Method ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Biosorption Equilibrium

Velvet Apple Fruit Seeds (Diospyros blancoi) as Biosorbent of Cr(III) Velvet Apple Fruit (Diospyros blancoi) has not been explored more in Indonesia. The purpose of research was to explore the use of Velvet Apple Fruit seeds as adsobent of Cr(III) in waste. Biosorbent of velvet apple fruit seeds in removing Cr (III) metal ions has been investigated using batch method. Several parameters were used to determine absorption optimum conditions such as solution pH, contact time and biosorbent dosage. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used in determining biosorption equilibrium. FTIR and SEM-EDX were used to characterize the velvet apple fruit seeds biosorbent. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms showed the velvet apple fruit seeds biosorbent had a maximum adsorption capacity of 5.592 mg/g. The adsorption efficiency of Cr (III) ion by velvet apple fruit seeds was 81.78%. The results showed that velvet apple fruit seeds potentially as an alternative low-cost biosorbent for removing heavy metal ions in solution.Keywords: biosorption, heavy metals, alternative biosorbent, waste water treatmentABSTRAK Buah bisbul di Indonesia belum tereksplor dengan baik potensinya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk megetahui potensi biji buah Bisbul sebagai adsorben logam Cr(III) pada limbah. Biosorben biji buah bisbul (Diospyros blancoi) dalam menyerap ion logam Cr(III) telah diteliti dengan menggunakan metode batch. Beberapa parameter digunakan untuk menentukan kondisi optimum penyerapan seperti pH larutan, waktu kontak dan dosis biosorben. Model isoterm Langmuir, Freundlich dan Temkin dipakai dalam menentukan kesetimbangan biosorpsi. FTIR dan SEM-EDX digunakan dalam mengkarakterisasi biosorben biji buah bisbul. Isoterm adsorpsi kesetimbangan menunjukkan biosorben biji buah bisbul mempunyai kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum 5,592 mg/g. Efisiensi penyerapan ion Cr(III) oleh biji buah bisbul mencapai 81,78%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biji buah bisbul berpotensi sebagai alternatif biosorben murah dalam menghilangkan ion logam berat dalam larutan.Kata kunci: biosorpsi, logam berat, alternatif biosorben, pengolahan air limbah

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Biosorption of Cadmium onto Pseudomonas fluorescens: Application of Isotherm and Kinetic Models

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.49 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 171-172 ◽

pp. 49-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chang Li Yu ◽

Zhi Peng Lu ◽

Fa Zhi Ge ◽

Er Li Zhao

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Rate Equations ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽

Isotherm And Kinetic Models

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were performed to study the adsorption of cadmium on pH, Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass adsorbent with respect to initial Cd(II) concentration, contact time and biomass dose. The experimental data were modeled by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Langmuir model resulted in the best fit of the adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cd(II) was 66.25 mg/g (pH 5.0 and 5 g/L biomass dose). Kinetics of adsorption followed second-order rate equations. The FTIR results of Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass showed that biomass has different functional groups and these functional groups are able to react with metal ion in aqueous solution. The results of the present study suggest that Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass can be used beneficially in treating industrial effluents containing heavy metal ions.

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Phenol adsorption from wastewater using cashew nut shells as adsorbent

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9771 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 966

Author(s):

Kartik Kulkarni ◽

Varsha Sudheer ◽

C R Girish

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Waste ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Multilayer Adsorption ◽

Phenol Adsorption ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Experimental Parameters ◽

Order Kinetic Model

The potential of agricultural waste cashew nut shells as an adsorbent for removing phenol from wastewater is presented in this paper. The adsorbent was treated with 3M sulphuric acid in order to improve the properties. The experimental parameters such as adsorbent dosage, concentration and temperature were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). The isotherm data were tested with different isotherm models and it obeyed Freundlich Isotherm showing the multilayer adsorption. The kinetic data satisfied pseudo-first order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 35.08 mg/g proving the capability of cashew nut shells for removing phenol from wastewater.

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Adsorption of UV254 in Kerian River water onto ZeliacTM: Analysis using linear and non-linear forms of isotherm models

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001968 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

River Water ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Low Cost ◽

Error Function ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Linear Analysis ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Non Linear

The composite media, ZeliacTM was developed with the initial aim to provide low cost adsorbent with promising adsorption capacity. This study was conducted to investigate the removal of UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) in Kerian river water using ZeliacTM as the media. Batch experiments study was carried out to determine the optimum removal of UV254 by ZeliacTM. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to investigate the adsorption mechanism. The results from batch study exhibit that ZeliacTM is capable to remove 74.4% UV254 at the dosage of 7g/100 ml. Linear isotherm analysis suggests that the best fitting linear line is Freundlich isotherm with R2 values of 0.9294 indicating multilayer adsorption. Similarly, non-linear regression analysis reveals that the adsorption of UV254 by ZeliacTM is attributed by physisorption. The non-linear Freundlich isotherm gives a better fit to the adsorption of UV254 than Langmuir isotherm with R2 values of 0.9488. The results are supported with low values of X2, ARE, HYBRID and MPSED from the error function analysis.  Additionally, it is noted that the linear analysis overestimates the constant parameters’ values for Freundlich isotherm, which cause larger errors as estimated by the error function analysis. Hence, non-linear analysis is more appropriate in explaining the batch experiment data.

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Adsorption of Mn2+ from Aqueous Solution Using Manganese Oxide-Coated Hollow Polymethylmethacrylate Microspheres (MHPM)

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1155/2021/5597299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Dhiraj Dutta ◽

Jyoti Prasad Borah ◽

Amrit Puzari

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Manganese Oxide ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Coated Sand

Results of investigation on adsorption of Mn2+ from aqueous solution by manganese oxide-coated hollow polymethylmethacrylate microspheres (MHPM) are reported here. This is the first report on Mn-coated hollow polymer as a substitute for widely used materials like green sand or MN-coated sand. Hollow polymethylmethacrylate (HPM) was prepared by using a literature procedure. Manganese oxide (MnO) was coated on the surface of HPM (MHPM) by using the electroless plating technique. The HPM and MHPM were characterized by using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Optical and scanning micrographs were used to monitor the surface properties of the coated layer which revealed the presence of MnO on the surface of HPM. TGA showed the presence of 4-5% of MnO in MHPM. Adsorption isotherm studies were carried out as a function of pH, initial ion concentration, and contact time, to determine the adsorption efficiency for removal of Mn2+ from contaminated water by the synthesized MHPM. The isotherm results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of MnO-coated HPM to remove manganese contaminants from water is 8.373 mg/g. The obtained R 2 values of Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm models were 1 and 0.87, respectively. Therefore, R 2 magnitude confirmed that the Langmuir model is best suited for Mn2+ adsorption by a monolayer of MHPM adsorbent. The material developed shows higher adsorption capacity even at a higher concentration of solute ions, which is not usually observed with similar materials of this kind. Overall findings indicate that MHPM is a very potential lightweight adsorbent for removal of Mn2+ from the aqueous solution because of its low density and high surface area.

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Biochar from Agricultural by-Products for the Removal of Lead and Cadmium from Drinking Water

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102933 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2933

Author(s):

Edgar Pineda Puglla ◽

Diana Guaya ◽

Cristhian Tituana ◽

Francisco Osorio ◽

María J. García-Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals

This study reports the adsorption capacity of lead Pb2+ and cadmium Cd2+ of biochar obtained from: peanut shell (BCM), “chonta” pulp (BCH) and corn cob (BZM) calcined at 500, 600 and 700 °C, respectively. The optimal adsorbent dose, pH, maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics were evaluated. The biochar with the highest Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal capacity is obtained from the peanut shell (BCM) calcined at 565 °C in 45 min. The optimal experimental conditions were: 14 g L−1 (dose of sorbent) and pH between 5 and 7. The sorption experimental data were best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. High removal rates were obtained: 95.96% for Pb2+ and 99.05. for Cd2+. The BCH and BZM revealed lower efficiency of Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal than BCM biochar. The results suggest that biochar may be useful for the removal of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) from drinking water.

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