scholarly journals Preventive strategies for reuse and recycling of wastewater within the HDG production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina A. Villamar ◽  
Katherine Salazar ◽  
Karla Montenegro-Rosero ◽  
Luis Huaraca ◽  
Kennedy C. Conceicao
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Pinch ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent ◽  
Total Water Demand

Abstract The hot-dip galvanizing consumes raw materials, supplies, and influence in the quantity/quality of wastewater, opening advantage for its segregation, reuse, and recycling. Therefore, the aim was to establish strategies for segregation, recycling, and preventives process of wastewater from a hot dip galvanizing enterprise (>10,000 t/year of galvanizing steel or gs). A mass balance (inputs-outputs by 1 t gs), Sindex considering organic and inorganic parameters for segregation/recycling, and Water Pinch (Zn, COD, TDS) for reuse opportunities were determined. Flows diagrams were based on three scenarios that combine segregation/reuse/recycling, comparing saving water, energy, costs, and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions. Results (mass balance) demonstrated that the water consumption in the rising phases (2,355.2 L/t gs) corresponding to 95% of the total water demand. The best scenario combined reuse/segregation/recycling, which decreased up to 36% of treated wastewater, up to 40% of chemicals consumption, about 41% of treatment cost, close to 38% of energy consumed, up to 17% of CO2-eq emissions by wastewater treatment. Therefore, taking preventive measures without the need of technological changes (treatment) can achieve on efficient water management within of the hot dip galvanizing production in developing countries.

Destruction of food stocks by insects of the fireworm family: hygienic aspects and preventive measures (review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
N. A. Alesho ◽  
I. N. Provorova
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Hygienic Condition ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Dried Vegetables

A review of the literature on the issue of damage to food stocks by insects of Pyralidae. Pyralidae — the most dangerous and widespread pests of food stocks, significantly affecting the sanitary and hygienic condition and quality of products of bakeries, bakeries, confectionery factories, flour and cereals and other food enterprises, warehouses and stores. They damage not only grain, flour and products from them, but also all types of dried fruits, dried vegetables, nuts, soy and chocolate candies, as well as various seeds, medicinal raw materials and herbariums, feed, cake, bran, tobacco, spices, coffee beans, cocoa beans, cork. Variants of damage caused by these insects to food stocks are described. Methods of prevention of food supply contamination and pest control are analyzed and systematized.

scholarly journals METHODICAL APPROACHES TO HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS AND THE JUSTIFICATION OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES ON THE TERRITORY OF ACCOMMODATION OF THE ENTERPRISES OF THE PETROCHEMICAL AND REFINING INDUSTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur K. Valeev ◽  
R. A. Suleimanov ◽  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
A. G. Malysheva ◽  
L. R. Rakhmatullina
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Introduction. Operation of enterprises of petrochemical and oil refining industries is accompanied by significant pollution of air, soil, underground and surface water sources with a complex of toxic chemical compounds, which in turn has an adverse impact on the health and living conditions of the population. In order to carry out a correct assessment of the ecological and hygienic situation and reduce the risk to public health in regions with developed petrochemistry and oil refining, there is a need to optimize the existing mechanism of sanitary and epidemiological supervision of the quality of environmental facilities, to develop effective hygienic recommendations and targeted measures to reduce the level of anthropogenic impact and to prevent poor living conditions. Material and methods. The analysis of quality of objects of the environment according to departmental laboratories in territories of placement of the enterprises of petrochemistry and oil refining for 2007-2018 is carried out; results of scientific and practical researches and publications on the studied problem for 2004-2017. Results. There are identified the major sources and reasons for the admission of harmful chemical substances in the environmental objects from the petrochemical and refining industries. The most part of the enterprises of branch was established to operate for a long time, the outdated equipment, the power-consuming while there are used imperfect technologies characterized by insignificant depth of processing of raw materials and representing danger of ecological risk for objects of the environment. The list of priority indices recommended for the control of atmospheric air, soil, water bodies in the areas of petrochemistry and oil refining is based on. Developed and tested an algorithm of assessment of environmental quality and the health risk of the population in the territories with developed petrochemical industry and oil refining. On the basis of the obtained results, approaches to the development of hygienic recommendations and targeted measures to reduce the tested man-made load of the territories are proposed. Conclusion. The proposed methodological approaches will optimize the assessment of an ecological and hygienic situation, develop preventive measures to reduce the level of man-made impact and prevent poor living conditions in regions with developed petrochemistry and oil refining.

METHOD OF GRINDING OF GRAIN RAW MATERIALS FOR FEED PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Ю. ШАЗЗО ◽  
Е.В. СОЛОВЬЁВА ◽  
В.А. МАКИЯН ◽  
Е.А. СТЕПАНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Module Size ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Different Cultures

Исследовано влияние подготовки зернового сырья на качество получаемого комбикорма. Объектом исследования было зерно пшеницы фуражной, кукурузы, сои, ячменя. Для получения комбикорма зерно измельчали на плющильном станке Neuero (Германия), на котором в зависимости от технологических свойств перерабатываемого зерна можно измельчать его или получать плющеные продукты. Установлено, что при измельчении зерна пшеницы фуражной, кукурузы, сои, ячменя влажностью до 12 полученные частицы зерна разных культур значительно различаются по величине и образуется до 25 мелкодисперсной фракции, что ухудшает в дальнейшем процесс смешивания, а также увеличивает потери продукта. При плющении зерна пшеницы фуражной, кукурузы, сои, ячменя после его увлажнения до 13,513,9 и отволаживания в течение двух часов количество мелкодисперсной фракции в полученном продукте уменьшается в 34 раза, частицы плющеного зерна разных культур незначительно отличаются по величине, а показатель модуля крупности увеличивается в 1,33 раза в зависимости от культуры, поэтому полученные плющеные продукты из зерна разных культур легко смешиваются. Производство комбикорма с использованием плющильного станка Neuero по предложенной схеме подготовки зернового сырья на животноводческих предприятиях и в личных подсобных хозяйствах экономически выгодно, поскольку сократит транспортные и энергетические расходы, что, в свою очередь, существенно снизит себестоимость животноводческой продукции. Influence of preparation of grain raw materials on quality of the obtained compound feed is investigated. Grain of fodder wheat, corn, soybeans, barley was the object of research. To obtain feed grain was processed on the flattening machine Neuro (Germany), which, depending on the technological properties of the processed grain can grind it or obtain flattened products. It was found that when grinding grain of feed wheat, corn, soybeans, barley with humidity up to 12, the obtained grain particles of different cultures differ significantly in size and up to 25 of the fine product is formed, which further worsens the mixing process, and also increases product losses. With the flattening of wheat forage, corn, soybeans, barley after the moisture up to 13,513,9 and binning within two hours the amount of fine fraction in the resulting product is reduced in 34 times, particles flattened grain different cultures differ slightly in size, and an indicator module size increases are 1,33 times, depending on the culture, so the resulting flattened products of grain of different cultures are mixed easily. The production of compound feed using flattening machine Neuro on the proposed scheme of preparation of grain raw materials for livestock enterprises and household farms cost-effective, as it will reduce transport and energy costs, which in turn will significantly reduce the cost of livestock production.

DEVELOPMENT IN STAGES-SUMMARIZE SCHEME FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES AT THEIR DISCHARGE IN WATER

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Г. КОРОТКОВА ◽  
А.М. ЗАКОЛЮКИНА ◽  
А.А. ГЛЫТЯН
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Exchange Unit ◽  
Selection Of

На основе выборки из литературных источников представлены данные по показателям качества сточных вод (СВ) отечественных молокоперерабатывающих предприятий до очистки. Диапазон изменений основных показателей составил: рН от 4,7 до 11,5; ХПК от 1300 до 3000 мг О2/л; содержание взвешенных веществ от 350 до 950 мг/л, жиров 900 мг/л; максимальное значение БПКполн 2400 мг О2/л. На основе анализа технологических схем очистки сточных вод, применяемых в молочной промышленности, предложена обобщенная поэтапная схема стадий очистки и дан перечень оборудования, используемого на каждой стадии, при сбросе очищенных стоков в водоем. Обоснована необходимость каждой стадии очистки и предложенного оборудования, применяемого в зависимости от качественного состава исходных СВ. Применение на заключительной стадии ионообменной установки или установки обратного осмоса способствует доочистке СВ до показателей качества очищенной воды, соответствующей требованиям к восстановленной воде, полученной из СВ. Подбор оборудования является индивидуальным для каждого предприятия в связи с разнообразными свойствами сырья и ассортиментом выпускаемой продукции. On the basis of a sample from the literature data on indicators of quality of wastewater of domestic dairy enterprises before treatment are presented. The range of changes of the main indicators were: pH from 4,7 to 11,5; COD from 1300 to 3000 mg O2/l; content of suspended solids from 350 to 950 mg/l, fat 900 mg/l; the maximum value of BOD is 2400 mg O2/l. On the basis of the analysis of technological schemes of wastewater treatment used in the dairy industry, summarize step-by-step scheme of wastewater treatment is proposed and a list of equipment used at each stage of treated wastewater at their discharge in water is given. The need for each stage of treatment and the proposed equipment used depending on the quality of the original wastewater is justified. The use of the ion-exchange unit or installation of reverse osmosis at the final stage contributes to the tertiary treatment of wastewater to the quality indicators of purified water that meets the requirements for recovered water obtained from wastewater. Selection of equipment is individual for each enterprise due to the various properties of the raw materials and the range of products manufactured.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MAKANAN KHAS KOTA CURUP KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onsardi Onsardi
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The title of this study is the Strategy of Increasing Consumer Food Loyalty in CurupCity, Rejang Lebong Regency (Case Study in "Henvian" Typical Food Industry). Thisresearch is based on the importance of strategies in increasing business and consumerloyalty to products sold.Strategies to increase business and consumer loyalty can bedone with a SWOT analysis. Place of this research is the "Henvian" shop that sellstypical Rejang lebong food. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative.Informants in this study were people who were considered to know for certain about theHENVIAN Specialty Food Store in Curup City, Rejang Lebong Regency. The dataanalysis technique used in this study is a SWOT analysis to determine the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a typical Rejang Lebong food business.By using SWOT analysis techniques that consist of strengths (weakness), weaknesses(weakness), opportunities (opportnity) and threats (threath). The results of this studycan be concluded that the internal factors that are the strength of the marketing strategyare the quality of the product that is good at a price affordable to the public andtourists, service that is friendly and responsive to consumer needs, as well astechnological advancements that facilitate the promotion of business. Internal factorsthat are a weakness are often lack of stock, there are some products that do not meet thestandard packaging, the product shelf life is short, employees do not use uniforms.External factors that become opportunities are a fairly high economic community,abundant raw materials while external factors that are a threat are the manycompetitors, an unstable economy, the price of basic needs increases. Based on theresults of the SWOT analysis of internal and external factors, the strategy used is toimprove product quality by improving the appearance of packaging and quality ofcontent and quality of service by providing uniforms to employees and providingstandards of service to consumers. .Keywords: Strategy, Consumer Loyalty, SWOT

Typical errors and violations of biotechnics of artificial breeding of pacific salmon

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grinberg
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Strict Compliance

In two parts of the article, more than 70 errors and violations of the Biotechnics of artificial breeding of Pacific salmon in salmon hatcheries are collected and summarized, which lead to an immediate or delayed deterioration of the quality of reared fry and a decrease in their survival rate. Deviations from the biological basis of fish farming are shown and possible consequences of such errors or violations are predicted. In the first part of the article (#7,2020) there were General errors (throughout the entire fish-breeding process), as well as violations of Biotechnics during the work with producers, collecting eggs and preparing them for incubation, in the second part-violations of Biotechnics during the incubation of eggs, holding pre-larvae, rearing and release of young. Their correction, prevention or minimization of consequences will significantly improve the quality of sexual products and offspring from producers, increase the linear and weight gain of juveniles during rearing, improve the coefficient of feed payment, reduce the time of rearing, improve the epizootic situation by developing immunity in fry and mobilizing other protective reactions of their body, significantly reduce waste at all stages of the production process, increasing survival by 10–15%. In conclusion, it is noted that the first and most important condition for an efficient salmon hatchery is the creation of optimal environmental conditions at each stage of the production process. The second condition is strict compliance with the Biotechnics of artificial salmon breeding and the complex of veterinary and sanitary, fish-breeding and meliorative and therapeutic and preventive measures. The third is the availability of competent specialists who regularly improve their skills in accredited Universities to implement, control and manage the first two conditions.

EFFICIENCY OF USING GENODIAGNOSTIC TEST IN ASSESSMENT OF PERINATAL INFECTION OF YOUNG ANIMALS IN PREVENTION OF LEUKEMIA OF CATTLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
N.G. Kozyreva ◽  
◽  
I.Yu. Abashin ◽  
L.A. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Perinatal Infection ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Drinking Milk

This article presents the results of determining the level of perinatal infection of calves with the bovine leukemia virus at the age from birth to colostrum intake and 1-1.5 months after birth when drinking milk from healthy individuals, excluding the alimentary transmission route, with an infection frequency of 5.4% in the surveyed farm. Improvement of molecular diagnostics based on genomic analysis in the scheme of complex antiepizootic/recreational measures for bovine leukemia has been carried out in order to improve the quality of dairy products. As part of the implementation and improvement of the scheme of preventive measures, a positive trend was found, expressed in a tendency to a 3.6-fold decrease in the frequency of detection of BLV infection of young animals. In the course of work, the efficiency of the use of a gene diagnostic test - multiplex PCR-RT – as a tool for the specific prevention of bovine leukemia of calves in the early stages of the disease was shown: the relative diagnostic sensitivity of the PCR-RT technique is at a level not lower than that of the serological method and differs in the side of overestimation by 3.8 times.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document