scholarly journals Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes recovered throughout the beef production chain and from patients with salmonellosis

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Realpe-Quintero ◽  
Jeannette Barba-León ◽  
Julia A. Pérez-Montaño ◽  
Carlos Pacheco-Gallardo ◽  
Delia González-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Clinical Cases

Salmonella is one of the major foodborne pathogens worldwide. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of this foodborne pathogen has raised a great concern in recent years. Studies on the frequency and characterization of Salmonella serotypes can help to improve our knowledge on the epidemiology of this pathogen. The purpose of this study was to compare the serotypes, AMR and genetic profiles of Salmonella isolates recovered from raw beef throughout the beef production chain and from human feces associated with clinical cases of salmonellosis. The serotype, AMR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile of 243 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from beef carcasses (n = 78), ground beef (n = 135), and human feces from clinical cases of salmonellosis (n = 30) were compared. Forty-three different Salmonella serotypes were identified and regardless of the source, the top five corresponded to Typhimurium, Give, Group B (partially serotyped), Infantis and Anatum. Twelve serotypes from beef carcasses were also found in ground beef, showing their presence throughout the beef production chain. Salmonella Typhimurium, Infantis, Anatum and Montevideo were the only serotypes identified in all sample types. Resistance to tetracyclines was the most frequent (41.2%) followed by resistance to aminoglycosides (37%), folate pathway inhibitors (21%), quinolones (20.2%), phenicols (17.1%), penicillins (15.6%) and cephems (7%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 28.8% of the isolates, and those from human feces showed resistance to a larger number of antimicrobials. Great concern arises from the resistance and reduced susceptibility observed to quinolones and cephalosporins because these drugs are the first line of treatment for invasive Salmonella infections. Twenty-seven distinct pulse-types were detected among 238 isolates. Clustering analysis for the most frequent serotypes identified groups of isolates with similar AMR profiles. Multidrug resistance spreading throughout the food production chain should be continually monitored and its importance emphasized.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. in Oklahoma Conventional and Organic Retail Poultry

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesa Noormohamed ◽  
Mohamed K Fakhr
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacteris one of the most important foodborne pathogens that cause bacterial gastroenteritis.This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofCampylobacterin conventional and organic retail poultry samples purchased from grocery stores in Tulsa, Oklahoma.One hundred and fifty six chilled retail chicken samples (85 conventional and 71 organic) and 65 chilled retail conventional turkey samples were collected in this study. The prevalence ofCampylobacterin the conventional chicken samples 32/85 (38%) was higher than in the organic ones 21/71 (30%). The prevalence ofCampylobacterin the conventional turkey samples was 11/65 (17%). Of the 53 positive chicken samples, 42 wereC. jejuni, 8 wereC. coliand three isolates were contaminated with both species. Of the 11 positive turkey samples, 8 containedC. jejuniand 3 harboredC. coliisolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of one hundred and forty nine recoveredCampylobacterisolates (130 chickens and 19 turkeys) towards sixteen antimicrobials was determined. The majority of the recovered turkey isolates (13/19) showed resistance to more than 7 antimicrobials while most of the recovered chicken ones (82/130) were resistant to 5 to 7 antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance was not limited to isolates from conventional sources but was also available in isolates of an organic background and was generally lower inC. jejuniisolates when compared to theC. coliones.

First identification and Limited Dissemination of mcr-1 Colistin Resistance in Salmonella Isolates in Jiaxing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Li Zhan ◽  
Henghui Wang ◽  
Wenjie Gao ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Strain

Salmonella , a major foodborne pathogen, causes severe gastrointestinal disease in people and animals worldwide. Plasmid-borne mcr-1 , which confers colistin resistance in Salmonella, has significant epidemiological interest for public health safety. Here, we report the first evidence of mcr-1 -mediated colistin resistance in one multidrug-resistant strain，namely 16062 in this study, from 355 Salmonella isolates collected for Jiaxing foodborne pathogen monitoring in Zhejiang Province in 2015–2019. In addition to colistin, 16062 displayed multidrug resistance to various antimicrobials (β-lactams, quinolone, sulfonamide, florfenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, aminoglycoside, and trimethoprim-sulfamethox). The mcr-1 -carrying IncX4 plasmid (p16062-MCR) in this study shares a conserved structure with other mcr -IncX4 plasmids. We found that other antimicrobial-resistance genes ( aac(6')-Ib-cr , aadA1 , aadA2 , aph(3')-Ia , oqxA , oqxB , sul1 , and cmlA1 ) are located on p16062-cmlA, an atypical IncHI2 plasmid, in isolate 16062. This is the first identification of transferable colistin resistance in foodborne Salmonella isolate collected in Jiaxing city, the 5-year monitoring of which revealed limited dissemination. By determining the genetic features of the plasmid vehicle, the characteristics of transferable mcr genes circulating in isolates from Jiaxing are now clearer.

Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Serotypes on Beef Carcasses at Small Abattoirs in Jalisco State, Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA A. PEREZ-MONTAÑO ◽  
DELIA GONZALEZ-AGUILAR ◽  
JEANNETTE BARBA ◽  
CARLOS PACHECO-GALLARDO ◽  
CARLOS A. CAMPOS-BRAVO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Group B ◽  
Inspection Service

The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes on beef carcasses from four small abattoirs in Jalisco State, Mexico, were investigated during a 10-month period. Following U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service protocols, Salmonella was isolated from 78 (15.4%) beef carcasses (n = 505) after the final carcass water wash. Isolation frequency differed by establishment (P < 0.05) and was higher (P < 0.05) during the wet season (May through September) for all establishments. Thirteen Salmonella serotypes and four serogroups (partially serotyped isolates) were identified. The most prevalent were Salmonella enterica Give (24.4%), Salmonella Typhimurium (17.9%), and Salmonella Group B (14.1%). Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested against 11 drugs, and results indicated that 46.2% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 42.3% were resistant to streptomycin, 23.1% were resistant to chloramphenicol, 21.8% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 19.2% were resistant to gentamicin. No resistance to ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin was observed, and 33% of the isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Although Salmonella Give was the most prevalent serotype, 95% of the isolates of this serotype were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Antimicrobial resistance was more common in Salmonella Typhimurium, and 93% (13 of 14) of the isolates of this serotype were resistant to at least five antimicrobials. The frequency of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates differed among establishments (P < 0.05) and may be related to the origin of the cattle presented for harvesting. These findings highlight the need for control measures to reduce Salmonella prevalence on beef carcasses in small abattoirs in Mexico and for strategies to ensure the cautious use of antimicrobials in animal production to prevent and control the spread of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens.

Occurrence, Serotype Diversity, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Ground Beef at Retail Stores in Jalisco State, Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2004-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELISA CABRERA-DIAZ ◽  
CLAUDIA M. BARBOSA-CARDENAS ◽  
JULIA A. PEREZ-MONTAÑO ◽  
DELIA GONZALEZ-AGUILAR ◽  
CARLOS PACHECO-GALLARDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Group B ◽  
Retail Establishments

The occurrence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella bacteria in commercial ground beef at retail establishments were investigated. Salmonella was isolated from 135 (56.7%) of 238 ground beef samples collected at the same number of butcher's shops located in three municipalities of Jalisco State, Mexico, during an 11-month period. The isolation frequency differed by municipality (P < 0.05) and was higher (P < 0.05) during the warm season (68.5%) than during the cold season (43.2%). Overall, 25 serotypes and 8 serogroups were identified among 135 Salmonella isolates; predominant were Salmonella group B (9.6%), Salmonella Anatum (8.9%), Salmonella Agona (6.7%), Salmonella Infantis (6.7%), and Salmonella Typhimurium (5.9%). All Salmonella isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial drugs of human and veterinary use. Resistance to tetracycline was the most commonly observed (40.7%), followed by resistance to streptomycin (35.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20.7%), and nalidixic acid (19.3%). Thirty-seven Salmonella isolates (27.4%) were multidrug resistant, and the majority corresponded to Salmonella Group B, Salmonella Anatum, and Salmonella Typhimurium. Three Salmonella isolates were resistant to seven different antimicrobials. The frequency of Salmonella in ground beef samples (56.7%) was higher than that observed in our previous investigation on beef carcasses (15.4%) at small abattoirs in the same region of Mexico. This may be a result of increasing contamination at these two points of the raw-beef production chain or may be an effect of the grinding process that facilitates a more-homogeneous pathogen distribution in the product. Poor hygiene, temperature abuse, and practices allowing cross-contamination during ground beef fabrication at these retail establishments increase the consumer's exposure to Salmonella.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Clostridium difficile Associated with Beef Cattle and Commercially Produced Ground Beef

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORASAK KALCHAYANAND ◽  
TERRANCE M. ARTHUR ◽  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC ◽  
DAYNA M. BRICHTA-HARHAY ◽  
STEVEN D. SHACKELFORD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Beef Products

The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection has recently increased in North American and European countries. This pathogen has been isolated from retail pork, turkey, and beef products and reported associated with human illness. This increase in infections has been attributed to the emergence of a toxigenic strain designated North America pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 (NAP1). The NAP1 strain has been isolated from calves as well as ground meat products, leading to speculation of illness from consumption of contaminated meat products. However, information on C. difficile associated with beef cattle during processing and commercially produced ground beef is limited. To address this data gap, samples from various steps during beef production were collected. Samples from hides (n = 525), preevisceration carcasses (n = 475), postintervention carcasses (n = 471), and 956 commercial ground beef samples were collected from across the United States. The prevalence of C. difficile spores on hides was 3.2%. C. difficile spores were not detected on preevisceration and postintervention carcasses or in commercially produced ground beef. Phenotypic and genetic characterizations were carried out for all 18 isolates collected from hide samples. Twenty-two percent of the isolates were nontoxigenic strains, while 78% of the isolates were toxigenic. Toxinotyping and PCR ribotyping patterns revealed that 6 and 33% of the isolates were identified as NAP1 and NAP7 strains, respectively. This article evidences that the prevalence of C. difficile, specifically pathogenic strains, in the U.S. beef production chain is low.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance, Genetic Diversity and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Escherichia coli from Humans, Retail Chicken and Ground Beef in Egypt

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Ramadan ◽  
Charlene R. Jackson ◽  
Jonathan G. Frye ◽  
Lari M. Hiott ◽  
Mohamed Samir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Index Of Diversity

Contamination of retail foods with foodborne pathogens, particularly the antimicrobial resistant ones, poses a persistent threat to human health. There is a dearth of information about the overlapping Escherichia coli (E. coli) lineages circulating among retail foods and humans in Egypt. This study aimed to determine the clonal diversity of 120 E. coli isolates from diarrheic patients (n = 32), retail chicken carcasses (n = 61) and ground beef (n = 27) from Mansoura, Egypt using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Simpson’s index of diversity was calculated to compare the results of both typing methods. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, genotypes and phylogrouping of the isolates were also determined. Higher frequencies of antimicrobial resistance were found among chicken isolates compared to beef and human isolates; regardless of isolate source, the predominant antimicrobial resistances were found against ampicillin (87/120, 72.5%), tetracycline and sulfisoxazole (82/120, 68.3%, each), and streptomycin (79/120, 65.8%). None of the isolates displayed resistance to meropenem. The prevalent genes detected were tetA (64.2%), blaTEM (62.5%), sul1 (56.7%), floR (53.3%), sul2 (50%), strB (48.3%) and strA (47.5%) corresponding with resistance phenotypes. Alarmingly, blaCTX was detected in 63.9% (39/61) of chicken isolates. The majority of E. coli isolates from humans (90.6%), beef (81.5%) and chicken (70.5%) belonged to commensal phylogroups (A, B1, C). Using PFGE analysis, 16 out of 24 clusters (66.7%) contained isolates from different sources at a similarity level ≥75%. MLST results assigned E. coli isolates into 25, 19 and 13 sequence types (STs) from chicken, human and beef isolates, respectively. Six shared STs were identified including ST1011, ST156, ST48, ST224 (chicken and beef), ST10 (human and chicken) and ST226 (human and beef). Simpson’s index of diversity was higher for MLST (0.98) than PFGE (0.94). In conclusion, the existence of common genetic determinants among isolates from retail foods and humans in Egypt as well as the circulation of shared STs indicates a possible epidemiological link with potential zoonotic hazards.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistance and mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes of Salmonella isolates from pork in Thailand during 2014-2017: comparison between two different types of slaughterhouses and retails

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-348
Author(s):  
Supaporn Wongsrichai ◽  
◽  
Patchara Phuektes ◽  
Suphattra Jittimanee ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Good Standard

Food-producing animals are the major reservoir for Salmonella infections in humans. Salmonella contamination and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes can occur during the production chain of animal products. The aims of this study were to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns and compare the proportions of multidrug resistance and the presence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3, among Salmonella isolates which were recovered from pork at two different standard practice slaughterhouses and retails during 2014-2017 in Thailand. Salmonella isolates recovered from good standard practice slaughterhouses (GSH, n=75), below standard practice slaughterhouses (BSH, n=75), good standard practice retails (GRT, n=75) and below standard practice retails (BRT, n=75) were examined for their antimicrobial resistance patterns and the existence of mcr-1 to mcr-3 genes. Salmonella strains of the 4 origins showed similar resistance rates to almost all antimicrobial agents tested. BRT origin (33/75, 44%) had slightly higher proportion of MDR Salmonella than the others group with no statistical difference. Five MDR Salmonella isolates carrying the mcr-3 gene were detected among isolates of all origins, while only 4 isolates (1.33%) displayed colistin resistance phenotype (MIC 4-8 ug/mL). This study revealed that MDR Salmonella isolates have widely spread in both standard and low hygiene practice slaughterhouses and retails. This is the first report of mcr-3 positive MDR Salmonella isolates from pork in Thailand. Effective monitoring program in slaughterhouses and retails should be continually implemented to reduce the contamination of MDR Salmonella carrying the mcr gene to consumers.

Recent Review on Subclass B1 Metallo-β-lactamases Inhibitors: Sword for Antimicrobial Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 756-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Kaushik ◽  
Manish Kaushik ◽  
Viney Lather ◽  
J.S. Dua
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Powerful Strategy

An emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance for microbial pathogens is alarming all the nations, posing a global threat to human health. The production of the metallo-β-lactamase enzyme is the most powerful strategy of bacteria to produce resistance. An efficient way to combat this global health threat is the development of broad/non-specific type of metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors, which can inhibit the different isoforms of the enzyme. Till date, there are no clinically active drugs against metallo- β-lactamase. The lack of efficient drug molecules against MBLs carrying bacteria requires continuous research efforts to overcome the problem of multidrug-resistance bacteria. The present review will discuss the clinically potent molecules against different variants of B1 metallo-β-lactamase.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Bacteria Using Bioactive Nanoparticles and Alternating Magnetic Fields

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Vitalij Novickij ◽  
Ramunė Stanevičienė ◽  
Rūta Gruškienė ◽  
Kazimieras Badokas ◽  
Juliana Lukša ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Alternating Magnetic Fields ◽  
Inactivation Of Bacteria

Foodborne pathogens are frequently associated with risks and outbreaks of many diseases; therefore, food safety and processing remain a priority to control and minimize these risks. In this work, nisin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles were used and activated by alternating 10 and 125 mT (peak to peak) magnetic fields (AMFs) for biocontrol of bacteria Listeria innocua, a suitable model to study the inactivation of common foodborne pathogen L. monocytogenes. It was shown that L. innocua features high resistance to nisin-based bioactive nanoparticles, however, application of AMFs (15 and 30 min exposure) significantly potentiates the treatment resulting in considerable log reduction of viable cells. The morphological changes and the resulting cellular damage, which was induced by the synergistic treatment, was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. The thermal effects were also estimated in the study. The results are useful for the development of new methods for treatment of the drug-resistant foodborne pathogens to minimize the risks of invasive infections. The proposed methodology is a contactless alternative to the currently established pulsed-electric field-based treatment in food processing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document