Aryltetralin-type lignan of Podophyllum: a comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Mogana Rajagopal ◽  
Gabriel Akyirem Akowuah ◽  
Yong-Xin Lee ◽  
Chua Wei Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Podophyllotoxin Derivatives

: Podophyllotoxin is a nonalkaloidtoxin aryltetralin lactone lignan, occurring naturally and extracted from the rhizomes and roots of Podophyllum species. Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives have shown to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, mainly antineoplastic and antiviral properties. Podophyllotoxin is served as a potential anticancer agent and also the precursor for the chemical synthesis of some clinically important anticancer agents.The chemical modification and pharmacological investigation of podophyllotoxin derivatives have become a concern nowadays. Research interest has been stimulated in the innovation of podophyllotoxin derivatives as the semi-synthetic anticancer agent, especially etoposide and teniposide. Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives are available in several formulations and also found to be effective in combination therapy. This review article aims to provide an overview of the role of podophyllotoxin, its mechanism of action, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, available formulations, and its effects in combination therapy. This article also reviewed the biosynthesis, structure and modifications of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives as an anticancer agent.

Oxyprenylated Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Lipid and Sugar Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Fiorito ◽  
Francesco Epifano ◽  
Lorenzo Marchetti ◽  
Lucia Palumbo ◽  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Related Compounds

: O-Prenylcoumarins (3,3-dimethylallyl, geranyl-, farnesyl- and related biosynthetic derivatives) represent a class of rarely occurring natural compounds. The most part of these secondary metabolites have been obtained from plant species belonging to the Rutaceae, Apiaceae, andFabaceae families, and from fungi, and bacteria. In the last two decades prenyloxycoumarinshave been found to possess a great potential in terms of pharmacological activities. The aim of this comprehensive review is to make a survey of the in so far reported literature citations about these valuable phytochemicals and structurally related compounds about their modulatory properties of lipid and sugar metabolism. Literature data have been acquired from the main Internet database. Several oxyprenylated secondary metabolites have been surveyed. Among these prenyloxycoumarins represented the main group exerting displayed valuable effects as modulators of lipid and sugar metabolism. The title phytochemicals have been found in common edible and fruits vegetables already known to have beneficial effects to this concern, thus enforcing the nutraceutical role of these food plants. All compounds outlined in the present review article have a great potential for the next future for the prevention and management of acute and chronic metabolic disorders

Biopolymers: A comprehensive review

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-018
Author(s):  
Mohini Chandrashekhar Upadhye ◽  
Mohini Chetan Kuchekar ◽  
Rohini Revansiddhappa Pujari ◽  
Nutan Uttam Sable
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Green Nanotechnology ◽  
Biological Sources ◽  
Living Organisms

Biopolymers are compounds prepared by using various living organisms, including plants. These are composed of repeated units of the same or similar structure (monomers) linked together. Rubber, starch, cellulose, proteins and DNA, RNA, chitin, and peptides are some of the examples of natural biopolymers. Biopolymers are a diverse and remarkably versatile class of materials that are either produced by biological systems or synthesize from biological sources. Biopolymers are used in pharmaceutical industry and also in food industry.Naturally derived polymers are also used for conditioning benefits in hair and skin care. Biopolymers have various applications in medicine, food, packaging, and petroleum industries. This review article is focused on various aspects of biopolymers with a special emphasis on role of biopolymers in green nanotechnology and agriculture.

Steroidal pyrazolines as a promising scaffold in drug discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-959
Author(s):  
Ranju Bansal ◽  
Ranjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Wide Range

Steroidal pyrazolines constitute an interesting and promising scaffold for drug discovery as they display diverse chemical reactivity and a wide range of biological activities. Literature reports indicate potent anticancer potential of steroidal pyrazolines along with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Strong neuroprotective effects with steroids possessing pyrazoline moiety have also been observed. Among all the therapeutically active steroidal pyrazolines, D-ring-substituted derivatives are highly potent and the least toxic. The current and futuristic research approaches in this area are focused towards the exploration of this promising scaffold to develop molecules with widespread pharmacological activities. This review article mainly covers the synthetic and pharmacological aspects of steroidal pyrazolines, which will assist the medicinal chemists working in this area in their scientific endeavors.

Nanoparticles from Actinobacteria: A Potential Target to Antimicrobial Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 2626-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palaniappan Sivasankar ◽  
Subramaniam Poongodi ◽  
Palaniappan Seedevi ◽  
Dharman Kalaimurugan ◽  
Murugesan Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Frequent Use

Nanoparticles have gained significant importance in the past two decades, due to their multifaceted applications in the field of nanomedicine. As our ecosystems and habitats are changing due to global warming, many new diseases are emerging continuously. Treating these costs a lot of money and mostly ends up in failure. In addition, frequent use of antibiotics to control the emerging diseases has led the pathogens to develop resistance to antibiotics. Hence, the nanoparticles are targeted to treat such diseases instead of the costly antibiotics. In particular, the biosynthesized nanoparticles have received considerable attention due to their simple, eco-friendly and promising activity. To highlight, microbial mediated nanoparticles have been found to possess higher activity and thus have a promising role in antimicrobial therapy to fight against the emerging drug-resistant pathogens. In this context, this review article is aimed at highlight the role of nanoparticles in the field of nanomedicine and importance of actinobacteria in the nanoparticle synthesis and their need in antimicrobial therapy. This is a comprehensive review, focusing on the potential of actinobacteria-mediated nanoparticles in the field of nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Synthetic Transformations and Medicinal Significance of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles Derivatives: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5742
Author(s):  
Ali Irfan ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Ayesha Anum ◽  
Nazish Jabeen ◽  
Ameer Fawad Zahoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Synthetic Transformations

The 1,2,3-thiadiazole moiety occupies a significant and prominent position among privileged heterocyclic templates in the field of medicine, pharmacology and pharmaceutics due to its broad spectrum of biological activities. The 1,2,3-thiadiazole hybrid structures showed myriad biomedical activities such as antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, antiamoebic, anticancer and plant activators, etc. In the present review, various synthetic transformations and approaches are highlighted to furnish 1,2,3-thiadiazole scaffolds along with different pharmaceutical and pharmacological activities by virtue of the presence of the 1,2,3-thiadiazole framework on the basis of structure–activity relationship (SAR). The discussion in this review article will attract the attention of synthetic and medicinal researchers to explore 1,2,3-thiadiazole structural motifs for future therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Advances in the Determination of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: From Standard Practices to Tailor-Designed Multidisciplinary Approaches

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Lukáš Huml ◽  
Jan Tauchen ◽  
Silvie Rimpelová ◽  
Barbora Holubová ◽  
Oldřich Lapčík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Standard Practices ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), a group of compounds frequently misused by athletes and, unfortunately, also by the general population, have lately attracted global attention; thus, significant demands for more precise, facile, and rapid AAS detection have arisen. The standard methods ordinarily used for AAS determination include liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. However, good knowledge of steroid metabolism, pretreatment of samples (such as derivatization), and well-trained operators of the instruments are required, making this procedure expensive, complicated, and not routinely applicable. In the drive to meet current AAS detection demands, the scientific focus has shifted to developing novel, tailor-made approaches leading to time- and cost-effective, routine, and field-portable methods for AAS determination in various matrices, such as biological fluids, food supplements, meat, water, or other environmental components. Therefore, herein, we present a comprehensive review article covering recent advances in AAS determination, with a strong emphasis on the increasingly important role of chemically designed artificial sensors, biosensors, and antibody- and fluorescence-based methods.

The Pathogenesis of Vitiligo

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Malhotra ◽  
Marlene Dytoc
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Pigmentary Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Background: Vitiligo is a commonly encountered pigmentary disorder. Numerous studies and investigations from all over the world have attempted to determine the mechanisms behind this disease; however, the pathogenesis of vitiligo remains elusive. Objective: In this comprehensive review article, we present the findings behind the five overarching theories of what causes this disfiguring and psychologically debilitating disease. Method: We begin our discussion with the role of genetic predisposition and move onward to the neural theory first proposed in the 1950s. Next we discuss the autoimmune hypothesis, followed by the reactive oxygen species model, and conclude by describing the findings of the more recent melanocytorrhagy hypothesis. Conclusion: Although the exact pathogenesis of vitiligo is uncertain, each of these theories likely plays a role. Understanding each theory would pave the way for therapeutic advances for this disease.

Review on the Role of the Metal Catalysts in the Synthesis of Pharmacologically Important Quinoline Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 631-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil Mahajan ◽  
Tejpal Singh Chundawat
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Quinoline Derivatives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

Quinoline stands out amongst the most essential N-based heterocyclic biologically active compounds. Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge was first to isolate quinoline from coal tar in 1834. Chemical component, quinine found in the bark of cinchona tree was used for treatment of malaria in the year of 1820. Quinoline derivatives have been found to exhibit different therapeutic activities such as antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiplatelet, anticancer, antitubercular, etc. There are a couple of promising compounds with the Quinoline skeleton like Pamaquine, Chloroquine, Tafenoquine, Bulaquine, Quinine and Mefloquine which show Antimalarial activity. All the methodologies in last decade had been covered to provide a comprehensive review on the development of Quinoline analogs using metal catalyst. Since quinoline and its auxiliaries have extensive pharmacological activities and are moreover utilized as ligands in various metal complexes, various procedures have been now and again reported for their synthesis. We have tried here undertaking to collect a huge part of the procedure that has been represented in the written work by use of metal driving force. This review will be especially profitable to the examiner in quick exploring and developing another ecopleasing, capable and judicious protocol.

Withania Somnifera Linn as Herbal Source of Diverse Pharmacological Potential - A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1879-1885
Author(s):  
Kajal Panchal ◽  
Praveen K Dixit ◽  
Rajni Saini KM ◽  
Nagarajan K ◽  
Puspendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Solanaceae Family

Ashwagandha, also known as Indian winter cherry, belonging to the Withania Somnifera Linn. (Solanaceae) family, (commonly available as Churna). Africa, the Mediterranean, and India are all home to this species. It is 30-50cm high and mainly found in the drier parts of India. Since it raises haemoglobin (red blood count) and hair melanin. Withania Somnifera is known as "Rasayana," which means "strong rejuvenator" in Ayurvedic jargon. In ethnomedicine, it is a well-known health food and herbal tonic that is used to treat cardiovascular diseases. It can be used as a single herb or as part of polyherbal or herbo-mineral formulations for humans. It is traditionally used to treat various  diseases such as inflammation, asthma, dyspepsia, hypertension, rheumatism, tumor, anxiety, hemopoietic, antimicrobial, depression, immunomodulation, antiulcer, hepatoprotective activities, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, rejuvenating properties and syphilis. It has wide variety of chemical constituents such as withanoloides, flavonoid, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, steroids have been studied. Despite the fact that previous review articles on this plant have been written, this review article is provided to bring together all of the most recent knowledge on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities.

Vitamin D in trichology: a comprehensive review of the role of vitamin D and its receptor in hair and scalp disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Damiani ◽  
Rosalynn Conic ◽  
Gloria Orlando ◽  
Anna Zampetti ◽  
Elena Marinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Comprehensive Review
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